This model archive provides input and output for Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) models developed to simulate groundwater recharge (net infiltration) for a groundwater model of watersheds on the north shore of the Long Island Sound. The simulated groundwater recharge was further refined in the calibration of the groundwater flow model, which is published in a separate ScienceBase archive (https://doi.org/10.5066/P1HKENGV). The SWB model was run from water year 2004 through water year 2022, which includes a model spin-up year to properly initialize the state of soil moisture for the first year of the desired simulation (water year 2005).

This model archive provides input and output for Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) models developed for the Central Sands Lake study in central Wisconsin; this archive supplements the technical appendix in a report to the Wisconsin State Legislature written by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) in response to 2017 Wisconsin Act 10. This legislation directed DNR to determine whether existing and potential groundwater withdrawals are causing or are likely to cause significant reduction of mean seasonal water levels at Pleasant Lake, Long Lake, and Plainfield Lake (s. 281.34(7m)(2)(b), Wis. Stats.) in Waushara County, Wisconsin. The Soil-Water-Balance code (Westenbroek and others, 2018) partitions precipitation into rainfall and snowmelt, simulates the change in soil moisture within the root zone of crops and other vegetation, and estimates potential crop irrigation water requirements based on the needs of the vegetation. The amount of water escaping the root zone of plants (net infiltration or potential recharge) and the estimated crop water demand were fed into a related groundwater flow model in order to evaluate how landscape-level changes in crop type and irrigation requirements end up affecting groundwater and lake levels over time. The associated groundwater flow model is contained in a separate ScienceBase archive (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVFSGJ). The period of 2012-2018 was used for parameter estimation (synonymously referred to as "history matching") for the groundwater models. This time period was chosen because it includes the most complete water use records to simulate groundwater withdrawals. The SWB2 model run for this period (called 'regional' under the directory that contains simulation scenarios, run at a resolution of 100m) was used to supply only net infiltration (potential recharge) values to the groundwater flow model. History matching was performed using groundwater elevations, lake stages, and streamflow observations over the 2012-2018 time period and processed observations derived from those raw data. A set of lower-resolution (200m) scenario runs were made to support the WDNR in their charge to evaluate the impact of water withdrawals on lake elevations. Three scenarios were created, driven by daily weather data as estimated by PRISM data (PRISM Climate Group, 2020) spanning the period 1981 to 2018. These scenarios, although based on real daily weather data, rely on three synthetic sets of input data and therefore should not be viewed as representing any specific time period. The scenarios represent: 1) 'current irrigation', in which land-use patterns and irrigation mask inputs are statistically generated based on the current frequency of crop rotations; 2) 'no irrigation, pre-development land-use', in which agricultural lands are converted to some non-irrigated agriculture or other non-agricultural land-use; 3) 'full development', where all lands with potential use for agricultural purposes (appropriate drainage and slope, for example) are converted to land-use and irrigation masks in a manner similar to scenario 1 development. The assumptions behind the scenario generation are detailed in Fienen and others, 2021.

This item provides water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf4 format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from PRISM Climate products (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.

This item provides water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf4 format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from PRISM Climate products (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.

These netCDF output files from the Soil-Water-Balance Model contain daily calculations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System model domain of irrigation, net infiltration (recharge), runoff, soil moisture storage, and actual evapotranspiration amounts for the years 2000 to 2018 and gross precipitation as read from DayMet and processed through the USGS Soil-Water-Balance Model v.2.0 (Westenbroek and others, 2018). Input files used in the SWB run included agricultural land use as estimated by Brown and Pervez (2014) and provided by the USDA National Agricultural Statitical Service and soil properties derived from NRCS gSSURGO and STATSGO data (Wieczorek, 2014). Calculations were driven by DayMet version 3 daily precipitation and air temperatures (Thornton and others, 2018). Further details about the generation and application of the data can be found in Open File Report 2021-1008 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211008). These data are extracted from the model output contained in the companion model archive data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O.

These netCDF output files from the Soil-Water-Balance Model contain daily calculations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System model domain of irrigation, net infiltration (recharge), runoff, soil moisture storage, and actual evapotranspiration amounts for the years 2000 to 2018 and gross precipitation as read from DayMet and processed through the USGS Soil-Water-Balance Model v.2.0 (Westenbroek and others, 2018). Input files used in the SWB run included agricultural land use as estimated by Brown and Pervez (2014) and provided by the USDA National Agricultural Statitical Service and soil properties derived from NRCS gSSURGO and STATSGO data (Wieczorek, 2014). Calculations were driven by DayMet version 3 daily precipitation and air temperatures (Thornton and others, 2018). Further details about the generation and application of the data can be found in Open File Report 2021-1008 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211008). These data are extracted from the model output contained in the companion model archive data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O.

This model archive makes available the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (Westenbroek and others, 2010) and input data used to estimate the potential amount of annual groundwater recharge to the Long Island aquifer system from 1900 to 2019 as described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5143. Input data for two SWB simulations are included in the archive. The first simulation uses existing land-use/land-cover datasets to estimate changes in recharge with changing land use from 1900-2019 (referred to as the post-development simulation). The second simulation assumed a forested, undeveloped (pre-development simulation) condition across Long Island for the same period. The same soil coverages and time-series climate data were used throughout both simulations. Potential recharge was spatially distributed as gridded output across Long Island in 100m x 100m grid cells. To save on model run time, model inputs were divided into 10-year increments as described in Model_Archive_ReadMe.txt. The model archive includes all input files used to run the model. The required directory structure to run the model is provided in Model_Archive_ReadMe.txt

This model archive makes available the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (Westenbroek and others, 2010) and input data used to estimate the potential amount of annual groundwater recharge to the Long Island aquifer system from 1900 to 2019 as described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5143. Input data for two SWB simulations are included in the archive. The first simulation uses existing land-use/land-cover datasets to estimate changes in recharge with changing land use from 1900-2019 (referred to as the post-development simulation). The second simulation assumed a forested, undeveloped (pre-development simulation) condition across Long Island for the same period. The same soil coverages and time-series climate data were used throughout both simulations. Potential recharge was spatially distributed as gridded output across Long Island in 100m x 100m grid cells. To save on model run time, model inputs were divided into 10-year increments as described in Model_Archive_ReadMe.txt. The model archive includes all input files used to run the model. The required directory structure to run the model is provided in Model_Archive_ReadMe.txt

This groundwater model archive documents coupled transient and steady-state regional and inset numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system to simulate groundwater flow and nitrogen transport using the US Geological Survey groundwater modeling software MODFLOW 6 (Langvin and others, 2017 and 2022). The regional model domain encompasses all of Long Island, New York, while the inset model domain encompasses the Long Island Sound watershed on Long Island, New York. The development and calibration of the regional groundwater flow model is documented in Walter and others (2024). The development of regional groundwater nitrogen transport models and coupled regional-inset groundwater flow and nitrogen transport models are documented in Jahn and Walter (2025). Model input and output files included in this data release are documented in the readme.txt.

This item provides a complete model archive for an application of the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model code to simulate water budget components of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. All necessary data, model code, and model input files are provided so the simulations can be recreated. Gridded model outputs that were the basis for the primary publication are also provided. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation Simulations were done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from PRISM Climate products (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication