As part of the Coastal Carolinas Focus Area Study of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Program, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to develop models for the Pee Dee River Basin, North Carolina and South Carolina, to simulate future streamflow and irrigation demand based on land use, climate, and water demand projections. SWAT is a basin-scale, process-based watershed model with the capability of simulating water-management scenarios. Model basins were divided into approximately two-square mile subbasins and subsequently divided into smaller, discrete hydrologic response units based on land use, slope, and soil type. The calibration period for the historic model was 2000 to 2014. The best available data on water-use from this time period were used, including public water supply, industrial water use, irrigation needs and golf courses. Six future scenario models simulated streamflow during the period 2055 to 2065 based on incorporation of two alternative land use projections, an ensemble of three global climate models, and water demand forecasts. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235036).

As part of the Coastal Carolinas Focus Area Study of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Program, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to develop models for the Cape Fear River Basin, North Carolina, to simulate future streamflow and irrigation demand based on land use, climate, and water demand projections. SWAT is a basin-scale, process-based watershed model with the capability of simulating water-management scenarios. Model basins were divided into approximately two-square mile subbasins and subsequently divided into smaller, discrete hydrologic response units based on land use, slope, and soil type. The calibration period for the historic model was 2000 to 2014. The best available data on water-use from this time period were used, including public water supply, industrial water use, irrigation needs and golf courses. Six future scenario models simulated streamflow during the period 2055 to 2065 based on incorporation of two alternative land use projections, an ensemble of three global climate models, and water demand forecasts. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235036).

As part of the Coastal Carolinas Focus Area Study of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Program, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to develop models for the Cape Fear River Basin, North Carolina, to simulate future streamflow and irrigation demand based on land use, climate, and water demand projections. SWAT is a basin-scale, process-based watershed model with the capability of simulating water-management scenarios. Model basins were divided into approximately two-square mile subbasins and subsequently divided into smaller, discrete hydrologic response units based on land use, slope, and soil type. The calibration period for the historic model was 2000 to 2014. The best available data on water-use from this time period were used, including public water supply, industrial water use, irrigation needs and golf courses. Six future scenario models simulated streamflow during the period 2055 to 2065 based on incorporation of two alternative land use projections, an ensemble of three global climate models, and water demand forecasts. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235036).

This model archive makes available the calibrated Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential recharge for the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer for 1915 to 2018. The model was calibrated using monthly values of evapotranspiration and annual values of runoff and recharge for 19 drainage basins selected from within or nearby the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer system. The calibrated SWB model and its use are described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1008. The model was used to create output at two different scales: 1,609-meter and 1,000-meter grid cells. Also included are files used to generate a high-resolution (100-meter) subset of output for an area near Shellmound, Mississippi. The directory structure of the model archive contains all of the files needed to document and run the model for a short example time period. This archive *does not* include all daily weather data drivers needed to replicate the model output; those files consume tens of gigabytes of storage space and are available elsewhere on the Internet (sources and online links to these data are provided in the source information section of the metadata). The directories in the archive are presented each as a separate .zip file and include a "bin" directory, a "georef" directory, a "model directory, an "output" directory, and a "source" directory. There is a README file describing all the files and directories in the archive and information on how to run the model. Each primary folder also contains a README file describing the contents.

This item provides water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf4 format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from PRISM Climate products (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.

This item provides water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf4 format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from PRISM Climate products (PRISM Climate Group, 2020). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.

The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER-KY; Williamson and others, 2009) provides the ability to simulate streamflow for ungaged basins. This model integrates TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979) for pervious portions of the landscape with simulation of flow generated from impervious surfaces (USDA, 1986). A restructured version of this decision support tool translates the abilities of WATER to a format that can be used without proprietary software (Williamson and others, 2021). Additional functionality has also been added to include hydrologic response units (HRUs) that are defined based on three fundamental land-use categories: forest, agricultural land, and developed areas, based on subsequent development of WATER for the Delaware River Basin (Williamson and others, 2015). This refinement for agricultural areas, combined with the new software environment that enables easy substitution of precipitation and temperature data was used to develop a method focused on recent conditions in order to simulate daily peak streamflow for forecasted precipitation totals as well as the associated stage in order to identify if flood conditions are possible. Beven, K.J., and Kirkby, M.J., 1979, A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin v. 24, p. 43-69, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834. U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 1986, Urban hydrology for small watersheds: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division, Technical Release 55, Revised June 1986, Update of Appendix A January 1999, https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1421/ML14219A437.pdf. Williamson, T.N., Hoefling, D.J., Headman, A.O., and Gerzan, M.N., 2021, Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources for the Commonwealth of Kentucky updated for 2019: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AQH027. Williamson, T.N., Lant, J.G., Claggett, P.R., Nystrom, E.A., Milly, P.C.D., Nelson, H.L., Hoffman, S.A., Colarullo, S.J., and Fischer, J.M., 2015, Summary of hydrologic modeling for the Delaware River Basin using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5143, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155143. Williamson, T.N., Odom, K.R., Newson, J.K., Downs, A.C., Nelson Jr., H.L., Cinotto, P.J., and Ayers, M.A., 2009, The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER)—A water-budget modeling approach for managing water-supply resources in Kentucky—Phase I—Data processing, model development, and application to non-karst areas:U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5248, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095248.

The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER-KY; Williamson and others, 2009) provides the ability to simulate streamflow for ungaged basins. This model integrates TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979) for pervious portions of the landscape with simulation of flow generated from impervious surfaces (USDA, 1986). A restructured version of this decision support tool translates the abilities of WATER to a format that can be used without proprietary software (Williamson and others, 2021). Additional functionality has also been added to include hydrologic response units (HRUs) that are defined based on three fundamental land-use categories: forest, agricultural land, and developed areas, based on subsequent development of WATER for the Delaware River Basin (Williamson and others, 2015). This refinement for agricultural areas, combined with the new software environment that enables easy substitution of precipitation and temperature data was used to develop a method focused on recent conditions in order to simulate daily peak streamflow for forecasted precipitation totals as well as the associated stage in order to identify if flood conditions are possible. Beven, K.J., and Kirkby, M.J., 1979, A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin v. 24, p. 43-69, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834. U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 1986, Urban hydrology for small watersheds: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division, Technical Release 55, Revised June 1986, Update of Appendix A January 1999, https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1421/ML14219A437.pdf. Williamson, T.N., Hoefling, D.J., Headman, A.O., and Gerzan, M.N., 2021, Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources for the Commonwealth of Kentucky updated for 2019: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AQH027. Williamson, T.N., Lant, J.G., Claggett, P.R., Nystrom, E.A., Milly, P.C.D., Nelson, H.L., Hoffman, S.A., Colarullo, S.J., and Fischer, J.M., 2015, Summary of hydrologic modeling for the Delaware River Basin using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5143, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155143. Williamson, T.N., Odom, K.R., Newson, J.K., Downs, A.C., Nelson Jr., H.L., Cinotto, P.J., and Ayers, M.A., 2009, The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER)—A water-budget modeling approach for managing water-supply resources in Kentucky—Phase I—Data processing, model development, and application to non-karst areas:U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5248, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095248.

This item provides Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model output and a model archive of water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from the PRISM group (http://prism.oregonstate.edu/; Daly and others, 1994). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.The primary publication can be accessed through links in the related external resources section below. There are two child items: one with daily netcdf model output and one with a Soil-Water-Balance model archive. These data provide updates to previously published estimates for 2000 to 2018 in https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O and https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U484X5.

This item provides Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model output and a model archive of water budget simulations for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System (MERAS) during the period 2000 to 2020. Gridded daily data (1 kilometer resolution) include net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, actual evapotranspiration and gross precipitation The model output files are in netcdf format and all water budget components are in inches. The net infiltration, rejected net infiltration, runoff, irrigation, and actual evapotranspiration data sets are from simulations done with the USGS SWB model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018). The precipitation and temperature data used as input for the SWB model application are derived from the PRISM group (http://prism.oregonstate.edu/; Daly and others, 1994). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication.The primary publication can be accessed through links in the related external resources section below. There are two child items: one with daily netcdf model output and one with a Soil-Water-Balance model archive. These data provide updates to previously published estimates for 2000 to 2018 in https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O and https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U484X5.