A Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model was developed to estimate annual net infiltration below the root-zone for the Greater Wake County area, North Carolina for the period 1981 through 2019. The model was developed as part of a study to assess groundwater availability in the fractured-rock aquifers underlying Wake County. Curve number, maximum net infiltration rate, and root-zone depth parameters for all land cover classes were adjusted in the SWB model to manually test parameter sensitivity and adjust for best fit. Annual net infiltration estimates from the SWB model were also compared with annual base flow estimates from the PART hydrograph separation technique using the USGS Groundwater Toolbox (Barlow and others, 2015) for available years of streamflow record at 6 sites within the model area (02089000, 02087570, 02087324, 02087359, 02088500, 02097314), as base flow is assumed to be nearly equivalent to effective groundwater recharge (Nelms and others, 1997). This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225041), as well as model output comparisons with base flow estimates. Also included in this data release is the map of hydrogeologic units in Wake County used in this study.

Groundwater recharge is an important part of water budget estimation and is a critical data component used in creating and calibrating groundwater flow models such as MODFLOW. Soil Water Balance Models (SWB) can be used to estimate potential groundwater recharge across spatial domains and through time. This metadata record describes an SWB archive for parts of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, eastern United States. The model was run for various land cover build out scenarios and several downscaled climate models (SWB) The model’s pixel resolution is 609.9-meters (m) and it was run for the for the period 1979 - 2060. The SWB model executable code is detailed in the report SWB—A Modified Thornthwaite-Mather Soil-Water-Balance Code for Estimating Groundwater Recharge; Chapter 31 of Section A, Groundwater, of Book 6, Modeling Techniques By S.M. Westenbroek, V.A. Kelson,W.R. Dripps,R.J. Hunt, and K.R. Bradbury (https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6-a31/) The SWB model was not calibrated; however, various water budget components from the model output compared reasonably well with other estimates. Due to size limitations climate data used in the production of this model are not included in this archive, URLs to locate the climate data are included.

Groundwater recharge is an important part of water budget estimation and is a critical data component used in creating and calibrating groundwater flow models such as MODFLOW. Soil Water Balance Models (SWB) can be used to estimate potential groundwater recharge across spatial domains and through time. This metadata record describes an SWB archive for parts of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, eastern United States. The model was run for various land cover build out scenarios and several downscaled climate models (SWB) The model’s pixel resolution is 609.9-meters (m) and it was run for the for the period 1979 - 2060. The SWB model executable code is detailed in the report SWB—A Modified Thornthwaite-Mather Soil-Water-Balance Code for Estimating Groundwater Recharge; Chapter 31 of Section A, Groundwater, of Book 6, Modeling Techniques By S.M. Westenbroek, V.A. Kelson,W.R. Dripps,R.J. Hunt, and K.R. Bradbury (https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6-a31/) The SWB model was not calibrated; however, various water budget components from the model output compared reasonably well with other estimates. Due to size limitations climate data used in the production of this model are not included in this archive, URLs to locate the climate data are included.

A soil-water balance model (SWB) was developed to estimate potential recharge to the groundwater system in Brunswick, New Hanover, and Pender counties North Carolina 1980 through 2016 to support a regional groundwater flow model being produced for the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee Aquifer System. The SWB model was not calibrated; however, various water budget components from the model output compared reasonably well with other estimates including evapotranspiration rates reported by NASA's MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite platform. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in this data release.

A soil-water balance model (SWB) was developed to estimate potential recharge to the groundwater system in Brunswick, New Hanover, and Pender counties North Carolina 1980 through 2016 to support a regional groundwater flow model being produced for the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee Aquifer System. The SWB model was not calibrated; however, various water budget components from the model output compared reasonably well with other estimates including evapotranspiration rates reported by NASA's MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite platform. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in this data release.

A Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model was developed to estimate annual recharge and evapotranspiration (ET) for Fauquier County, Virginia, for the period 1996 through 2015. The model was developed as part of a study to assess groundwater availability in the fractured-rock aquifers underlying Fauquier County. The model is documented in the associated report, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5056. The model was calibrated by comparing annual base-flow estimates from the hydrograph separation technique PART to annual recharge estimates from the SWB model for available years of streamflow record at two sites (01643700 and 01656000) within the model area. Selected SWB model parameters were adjusted to improve model fit. The calibration procedure is documented in USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5056, and calibration results are included in the calibration.xlsx spreadsheet included in this archive. This data release is broken into several files to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Small files (modelgeoref.txt, readme.txt, and this metadata document) are available for download as uncompressed files. Other model archive data are included in several compressed files. For more information about the files available for download in this data release, see the readme.txt file in this archive and the distribution section of this metadata document.

A Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model was developed to estimate annual recharge and evapotranspiration (ET) for Fauquier County, Virginia, for the period 1996 through 2015. The model was developed as part of a study to assess groundwater availability in the fractured-rock aquifers underlying Fauquier County. The model is documented in the associated report, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5056. The model was calibrated by comparing annual base-flow estimates from the hydrograph separation technique PART to annual recharge estimates from the SWB model for available years of streamflow record at two sites (01643700 and 01656000) within the model area. Selected SWB model parameters were adjusted to improve model fit. The calibration procedure is documented in USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5056, and calibration results are included in the calibration.xlsx spreadsheet included in this archive. This data release is broken into several files to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Small files (modelgeoref.txt, readme.txt, and this metadata document) are available for download as uncompressed files. Other model archive data are included in several compressed files. For more information about the files available for download in this data release, see the readme.txt file in this archive and the distribution section of this metadata document.

The Pee Dee and Cape Fear River Basins in North Carolina and South Carolina were chosen as a focus area study (FAS) for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Census (NWC) in 2016. The objective of the NWC is to place technical information and tools in the hands of stake holders so that they can make decisions on water availability. The USGS South Atlantic Water Science Center, comprised of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, conducted a 3-year study of water use and availability to provide information related to the competing societal and ecological water needs in the Southeastern Atlantic Coastal Basins of the Carolinas. One task to meet this objective was compiling water withdrawal and return data by category from local, regional, and state-scale data sources so that those data could be utilized in surface-water models, a groundwater model, an ecological flow model, and for predictions of future water needs. This dataset presents wastewater-return estimates from years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 which are aggregated to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model catchment-area level developed for the Pee Dee and Cape Fear River Basins.

The Pee Dee and Cape Fear River Basins in North Carolina and South Carolina were chosen as a focus area study (FAS) for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Census (NWC) in 2016. The objective of the NWC is to place technical information and tools in the hands of stake holders so that they can make decisions on water availability. The USGS South Atlantic Water Science Center, comprised of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, conducted a 3-year study of water use and availability to provide information related to the competing societal and ecological water needs in the Southeastern Atlantic Coastal Basins of the Carolinas. One task to meet this objective was compiling water withdrawal and return data by category from local, regional, and state-scale data sources so that those data could be utilized in surface-water models, a groundwater model, an ecological flow model, and for predictions of future water needs. This dataset presents wastewater-return estimates from years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 which are aggregated to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model catchment-area level developed for the Pee Dee and Cape Fear River Basins.

A soil-water balance model (SWB) was developed to estimate recharge to the groundwater flow system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina for the period 1995 through 2010. The model was not calibrated; however, various water budget components from the model output compared reasonably well with other estimates. The model was used to estimate recharge to the groundwater flow system as part of a preliminary water budget exercise described in the associated report (http://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185030).