This dataset represents canal density within individual, local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies. Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. This data set is derived from NHDPlusV2 line features classified as canal, ditch, or pipeline in the conterminous United States. Canal density describes how many kilometers of canal exist in a square kilometer. A raster was produced using the ArcGIS Line Density Tool to form the landscape layer for analysis. The (kilometer of canal/square kilometer) was summarized by local catchment and by watershed to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the estimated surface water runoff within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies. Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The landscape layer (raster) was developed with a water-balance model developed by Dave Wolock of the USGS and is detailed further in the paper "Independent effects of temperature and precipitation on modeled runoff in the conterminous United States". McCabe and Wolock[2011] Runoff is defined as the flow per unit area delivered to streams and rivers in units of millimeters per month. The runoff estimates were summarized to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the estimated surface water runoff within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies. Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The landscape layer (raster) was developed with a water-balance model developed by Dave Wolock of the USGS and is detailed further in the paper "Independent effects of temperature and precipitation on modeled runoff in the conterminous United States". McCabe and Wolock[2011] Runoff is defined as the flow per unit area delivered to streams and rivers in units of millimeters per month. The runoff estimates were summarized to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the base flow index values within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies. Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The base-flow index (BFI) grid for the conterminous United States was developed to estimate (1) BFI values for ungaged streams, and (2) ground-water recharge throughout the conterminous United States (see Source_Information). Estimates of BFI values at ungaged streams and BFI-based ground-water recharge estimates are useful for interpreting relations between land use and water quality in surface and ground water. The bfi (%) was summarized by local catchment and by watershed to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the base flow index values within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies. Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The base-flow index (BFI) grid for the conterminous United States was developed to estimate (1) BFI values for ungaged streams, and (2) ground-water recharge throughout the conterminous United States (see Source_Information). Estimates of BFI values at ungaged streams and BFI-based ground-water recharge estimates are useful for interpreting relations between land use and water quality in surface and ground water. The bfi (%) was summarized by local catchment and by watershed to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the calculated wetness index value within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies based on the Composite Topographic Index (See Supplementary Info for Glossary of Terms). Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The westness index is calculated using the Composite Topographic Index (CTI) which is based on contributing area, slope, and overland flow and has been developed internally at the EPA for the EnviroAtls (http://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas/National/). As defined for use in EnviroAtlas datasets and as used here, wet areas are typically created by runoff from natural land cover when rain falls on saturated soil. Surface and rill (or small channel) runoff carries excess water to lowland depressions or wet areas. Runoff collects in wet areas until they fill and overflow downstream. In this way, stream networks can be extended into new areas that would not be hydrologically connected during drier times. Wet area expansion and watershed hydrological connectivity differ between humid temperate and semi-arid and arid climates (where drought and soil crusts limit infiltration and produce flashier runoff) (from https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/datafactsheets/pdf/ESN/PercentForestonWetAreas.pdf). The Mean Composite Topographic Index (CTI)[Wetness Index] were summarized to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents the calculated wetness index value within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies based on the Composite Topographic Index (See Supplementary Info for Glossary of Terms). Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The westness index is calculated using the Composite Topographic Index (CTI) which is based on contributing area, slope, and overland flow and has been developed internally at the EPA for the EnviroAtls (http://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas/National/). As defined for use in EnviroAtlas datasets and as used here, wet areas are typically created by runoff from natural land cover when rain falls on saturated soil. Surface and rill (or small channel) runoff carries excess water to lowland depressions or wet areas. Runoff collects in wet areas until they fill and overflow downstream. In this way, stream networks can be extended into new areas that would not be hydrologically connected during drier times. Wet area expansion and watershed hydrological connectivity differ between humid temperate and semi-arid and arid climates (where drought and soil crusts limit infiltration and produce flashier runoff) (from https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/datafactsheets/pdf/ESN/PercentForestonWetAreas.pdf). The Mean Composite Topographic Index (CTI)[Wetness Index] were summarized to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a continuous data type.

This dataset represents total fresh surface-water withdrawals in agricultural land (L/day) within individual, local NHDPlusV2 catchments and upstream, contributing watersheds as described in DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137661

This dataset represents total fresh surface-water withdrawals in agricultural land (L/day) within individual, local NHDPlusV2 catchments and upstream, contributing watersheds as described in DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137661

This dataset represents the dam density and storage volumes within individual local and accumulated upstream catchments for NHDPlusV2 Waterbodies based on the National Inventory of Dams (NID). Catchment boundaries in LakeCat are defined in one of two ways, on-network or off-network. The on-network catchment boundaries follow the catchments provided in the NHDPlusV2 and the metrics for these lakes mirror metrics from StreamCat, but will substitute the COMID of the NHDWaterbody for that of the NHDFlowline. The off-network catchment framework uses the NHDPlusV2 flow direction rasters to define non-overlapping lake-catchment boundaries and then links them through an off-network flow table. The NID database contains information about the dam2019s location, size, purpose, type, last inspection, regulatory facts, and other technical data. Structures on streams reduce the longitudinal and lateral hydrologic connectivity of the system. For example, impoundments above dams slow stream flow, cause deposition of sediment and reduce peak flows. Dams change both the discharge and sediment supply of streams, causing channel incision and bed coarsening downstream. Downstream areas are often sediment deprived, resulting in degradation, i.e., erosion of the stream bed and stream banks. This database was improved upon by locations verified by work from the USGS National Map (Jeff Simley Group). It was observed that some dams, some of them major and which do exist, were not part of the 2009 NID, but were represented in the USGS National Map dataset, and had been in the 2006 NID. Approximately 1,100 such dams were added, based on the USGS National Map lat/long and the 2006 NID attributes (dam height, storage, etc.) Finally, as clean-up, a) about 600 records with duplicate NIDID were removed, and b) about 300 records were removed which represented the same location of the same dam but with a different NIDID, for the largest dams (did visual check of dams with storage above 5000 acre feet and are likely duplicated - about the 10,000 largest dams). The (dams/catchment) and (dam_storage/catchment) were summarized and accumulated into watersheds to produce local catchment-level and watershed-level metrics as a point data type.