This data set contains raw, annotated, and synthesized data used in the analysis by Hinke et al. (2021) titled "Serendipitous observations from animal-borne video loggers reveal synchronous diving and equivalent prey capture rates in chinstrap penguins" (DOI:10.1007/s00227-021-03937-5). The data derive from field work to monitor the diving and predation behaviors of two chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) from Cape Shireff, Livingston Island (60.79°W, 62.46°S) in Antarctica. Sampling occurred from 20 December 2019 to 31 Jan 2020. The raw data include the video files and complete dive records from the deployment of animal-borne video loggers and time-depth recorders on two individual chinstrap penguins. The videos are recorded in 30-minute clips and encompass over 4.5 hours of observation for each bird. Five independent, manual annotations of each video, transcribed onto the corresponding time-depth records of each bird, respectively, document the diving and predation events observed in each video. A separate annotation file that records the presence of companion birds in each video is also included. Additionally, we include two files that were generated during the analysis of the data. The first merges each (N=5) annotation of krill consumption and dive duration for each synchronous dive. The second merges select dive characteristics from each synchronous dive. Finally, we include data on the lengths of krill eaten by penguins during the study period. The krill length data were collected via gastric lavage to characterize the prey field that was encountered by foraging penguins during the sampling season. A READ ME file fully documents each file and important header information.

This dataset contains reproduction data for Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins collected in the Antarctic peninsula region, the South Orkney Islands, and East Antarctica between 1977 and 2017. The data include species counts, colony and nest monitoring information, hatch information, and the maximum number of chicks observed using traditional and autonomous methods. Traditional study methods consisted of researchers conducting direct observations of penguins throughout the season to record information on egg laying, incubation, and brood/guard periods. Simultaneously, autonomous study methods consisted of time-lapse cameras deployed at the penguin colonies to photographically record the same daily nesting activities throughout the season. The data are in spreadsheet format with header information in text file format.

Data loggers were fitted to four Little Penguins in August 2002 to reconstruct the time/activity budget of free-ranging Little Penguins from Penguin Island, Western Australia as they foraged in the shallow waters of Comet Bay, Western Australia.

This dataset contains the results from satellite tracking the movements of Adelie Penguins (Pygoscellis adeliae) from Edmonson Point in the Terra Nova Bay region, Antarctica. By the use of satellite fixes the foraging locations of the penguins were determined. Monitoring took place between 1994 and 2001. This work was completed as part of ASAC project 2205 (ASAC_2205), 'Adelie penguin research and monitoring in support of the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Project'.

This data set contains water and air temperature data in addition to duration of time spent at temperature to provide estimates of daily activity and consequent demand for food during winter for gentoo penguins. These estimates are scarce for many polar seabirds, yet they are essential for assessing constraints on foraging effort, demand for food, and potential competition with local fisheries. We affixed archival temperature tags to gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from two colonies in the South Shetland Islands to measure the frequency, timing, and duration of foraging trips and to estimate minimum food requirements during winter.

As seabirds emperor penguins spent a large proportion of their lives at sea. For food they depend entirely on marine resources. Young penguins rarely return to their natal colonies after their first year. Satellite tracking will give us insights into where foraging areas may be that are important for these birds. This tracking work is part of a multi-species study funded by the Integrated Marine Observation System (IMOS). These data are from penguins from the Amanda Bay area, and for the 2010-2011 season.

This dataset includes Adelie penguin colonies and coastline digitised from Eric J. Woehler, G.W. Johnstone and Harry R. Burton, 'ANARE Research Notes 71, The distribution and abundance of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, in the Mawson area and at the Rookery Islands (Specially Protected Area 2), 1981 and 1988'. Copies of the maps as PDF and TIFF downloads are available through the SCAR Map Catalogue (see the links in the related links section). Map 1 [Mawson area, including the Rookery Islands SPA] Map 2 [Rookery Islands SPA] Map 3 [Islands near Mawson Station] Map 4 [Rookery Island 1] Map 5 [Rookery Island 2] Map 6 [Rookery Island 3] Map 7 [Rookery Island 3A] Map 8 [Rookery Island 4] Map 9 [Rookery Island 5] Map 10 [Rookery Island 6] Map 11 [Rookery Island 7] Map 13 [Rookery Island 9] Map 14 [Rookery Island 10 and 11] Map 15 [Giganteus Island] Map 16 [Rookery Island] Map 17 [Bechervaise Island] Map 18 [Verner Island] Map 19 [Petersen Island] Map 20 [Welch Island Sheet 1 of 2] Map 20 [Welch Island Sheet 2 of 2] Map 21 [Klung Island] Map 22 [Un-named island west of Klung Island] Map 23 [Gibbney Island] Map 24 [Un-named island west of Forbes Glacier] Map 25 [Islands surveyed in 1981-82 where Adelie penguin colonies were located]

As seabirds emperor penguins spent a large proportion of their lives at sea. For food they depend entirely on marine resources. Young penguins rarely return to their natal colonies after their first year. Satellite tracking will give us insights into where foraging areas may be that are important for these birds. This tracking work is part of a multi-species study funded by the Integrated Marine Observation System (IMOS). These data are from penguins from the Amanda Bay area, and for the 2011-2012 season.

As seabirds emperor penguins spent a large proportion of their lives at sea. For food they depend entirely on marine resources. Young penguins rarely return to their natal colonies after their first year. Satellite tracking will give us insights into where foraging areas may be that are important for these birds. This tracking work is part of a multi-species study funded by the Integrated Marine Observation System (IMOS). These data are from penguins from the Amanda Bay area, and for the 2012-13 season.

Antarctic fur seals (AFS) are an ecologically important predator and a focal indicator species for ecosystem-based Antarctic fisheries management. This species suffered intensive anthropogenic exploitation until the early 1900s, but recolonized most of its former distribution, including the southern-most colony at Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands (SSI). The IUCN describes a single, global AFS population of least concern; however, extensive genetic analyses clearly identify four distinct breeding stocks, including one in the SSI. To update the population status of SSI AFS, we analyzed 20 years of field-based data including population counts, body size and condition, natality, recruitment, foraging behaviors, return rates, and pup mortality at the largest SSI colony. Our findings show a precipitous decline in AFS abundance (86% decrease since 2007), likely driven by leopard seal predation (increasing since 2001, p << 0.001) and potentially worsening summer foraging conditions. We estimated that leopard seals consumed an average of 69.3% (range: 50.3–80.9%) of all AFS pups born each year since 2010. AFS foraging-trip durations, an index of their foraging habitat quality, were consistent with decreasing krill and fish availability. Significant improvement in the age-specific over-winter body condition of AFS indicates that observed population declines are driven by processes local to the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The loss of SSI AFS would substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the species, and decrease its resilience to climate change. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the conservation status of Antarctic fur seals, particularly for the rapidly declining SSI population.