ARISE_Radiation_AircraftInSitu_C130_Data_1 is the Arctic Radiation - IceBridge Sea & Ice Experiment (ARISE) 2014 in-situ cloud data product. This product is a result of a joint effort of the Radiation Sciences, Cryospheric Sciences and Airborne Sciences programs of the Earth Science Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Data were collected via the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR), BroadBand Radiometer (BBR), and Spectrometers for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR). Data collection is complete. ARISE was NASA's first Arctic airborne campaign designed to take simultaneous measurements of ice, clouds and the levels of incoming and outgoing radiation, the balance of which determined the degree of climate warming. Over the past few decades, an increase in global temperatures led to decreased Arctic summer sea ice. Typically, Arctic sea ice reflects sunlight from the Earth. However, a loss of sea ice means there is more open water to absorb heat from the sun, enhancing warming in the region. More open water can also cause the release of more moisture into the atmosphere. This additional moisture could affect cloud formation and the exchange of heat from Earth’s surface to space. Conducted during the peak of summer ice melt (August 28, 2014-October 1, 2014), ARISE was designed to study and collect data on thinning sea ice, measure cloud and atmospheric properties in the Arctic, and to address questions about the relationship between retreating sea ice and the Arctic climate. During the campaign, instruments on NASA’s C-130 aircraft conducted measurements of spectral and broadband radiative flux profiles, quantified surface characteristics, cloud properties, and atmospheric state parameters under a variety of Arctic atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. open water, sea ice, and land ice). When possible, C-130 flights were coordinated to fly under satellite overpasses. The primary aerial focus of ARISE was over Arctic sea ice and open water, with minor coverage over Greenland land ice. Through these efforts, the ARISE field campaign helped improve cloud and sea ice computer modeling in the Arctic.

ARISE_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_C130_Data_1 is the Arctic Radiation - IceBridge Sea & Ice Experiment (ARISE) 2014 in-situ cloud data product. This product is a result of a joint effort of the Radiation Sciences, Cryospheric Sciences and Airborne Sciences programs of the Earth Science Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Data were collected via the Spectrometers for Sky-scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) instrument. Data collection is complete. ARISE was NASA's first Arctic airborne campaign designed to take simultaneous measurements of ice, clouds and the levels of incoming and outgoing radiation, the balance of which determined the degree of climate warming. Over the past few decades, an increase in global temperatures led to decreased Arctic summer sea ice. Typically, Arctic sea ice reflects sunlight from the Earth. However, a loss of sea ice means there is more open water to absorb heat from the sun, enhancing warming in the region. More open water can also cause the release of more moisture into the atmosphere. This additional moisture could affect cloud formation and the exchange of heat from Earth’s surface to space. Conducted during the peak of summer ice melt (August 28, 2014-October 1, 2014), ARISE was designed to study and collect data on thinning sea ice, measure cloud and atmospheric properties in the Arctic, and to address questions about the relationship between retreating sea ice and the Arctic climate. During the campaign, instruments on NASA’s C-130 aircraft conducted measurements of spectral and broadband radiative flux profiles, quantified surface characteristics, cloud properties, and atmospheric state parameters under a variety of Arctic atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. open water, sea ice, and land ice). When possible, C-130 flights were coordinated to fly under satellite overpasses. The primary aerial focus of ARISE was over Arctic sea ice and open water, with minor coverage over Greenland land ice. Through these efforts, the ARISE field campaign helped improve cloud and sea ice computer modeling in the Arctic.

ARISE_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_C130_Data_1 is the Arctic Radiation - IceBridge Sea & Ice Experiment (ARISE) 2014 in-situ meteorological and navigational data product. This product is a result of a joint effort of the Radiation Sciences, Cryospheric Sciences and Airborne Sciences programs of the Earth Science Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Data were collected via GPS, temperature sensors, pitot-static systems, pressure transducers, and hygrometers. Data collection is complete. ARISE was NASA's first Arctic airborne campaign designed to take simultaneous measurements of ice, clouds and the levels of incoming and outgoing radiation, the balance of which determined the degree of climate warming. Over the past few decades, an increase in global temperatures led to decreased Arctic summer sea ice. Typically, Arctic sea ice reflects sunlight from the Earth. However, a loss of sea ice means there is more open water to absorb heat from the sun, enhancing warming in the region. More open water can also cause the release of more moisture into the atmosphere. This additional moisture could affect cloud formation and the exchange of heat from Earth’s surface to space. Conducted during the peak of summer ice melt (August 28, 2014-October 1, 2014), ARISE was designed to study and collect data on thinning sea ice, measure cloud and atmospheric properties in the Arctic, and to address questions about the relationship between retreating sea ice and the Arctic climate. During the campaign, instruments on NASA’s C-130 aircraft conducted measurements of spectral and broadband radiative flux profiles, quantified surface characteristics, cloud properties, and atmospheric state parameters under a variety of Arctic atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. open water, sea ice, and land ice). When possible, C-130 flights were coordinated to fly under satellite overpasses. The primary aerial focus of ARISE was over Arctic sea ice and open water, with minor coverage over Greenland land ice. Through these efforts, the ARISE field campaign helped improve cloud and sea ice computer modeling in the Arctic.

ARISE_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_C130_Data_1 is the Arctic Radiation - IceBridge Sea & Ice Experiment (ARISE) 2014 in-situ cloud data product. This product is a result of a joint effort of the Radiation Sciences, Cryospheric Sciences and Airborne Sciences programs of the Earth Science Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Data were collected via two cloud probes, the cloud droplet probe (CDP) and WCM-200 Multi-Element Water Content System. Data collection is complete.ARISE was NASA's first Arctic airborne campaign designed to take simultaneous measurements of ice, clouds and the levels of incoming and outgoing radiation, the balance of which determined the degree of climate warming. Over the past few decades, an increase in global temperatures led to decreased Arctic summer sea ice. Typically, Arctic sea ice reflects sunlight from the Earth. However, a loss of sea ice means there is more open water to absorb heat from the sun, enhancing warming in the region. More open water can also cause the release of more moisture into the atmosphere. This additional moisture could affect cloud formation and the exchange of heat from Earth’s surface to space. Conducted during the peak of summer ice melt (August 28, 2014-October 1, 2014), ARISE was designed to study and collect data on thinning sea ice, measure cloud and atmospheric properties in the Arctic, and to address questions about the relationship between retreating sea ice and the Arctic climate. During the campaign, instruments on NASA’s C-130 aircraft conducted measurements of spectral and broadband radiative flux profiles, quantified surface characteristics, cloud properties, and atmospheric state parameters under a variety of Arctic atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. open water, sea ice, and land ice). When possible, C-130 flights were coordinated to fly under satellite overpasses. The primary aerial focus of ARISE was over Arctic sea ice and open water, with minor coverage over Greenland land ice. Through these efforts, the ARISE field campaign helped improve cloud and sea ice computer modeling in the Arctic.

ARISE_Merge_Data_1 is the Arctic Radiation - IceBridge Sea & Ice Experiment (ARISE) 2014 pre-generated aircraft (C-130) merge data files. This product is a result of a joint effort of the Radiation Sciences, Cryospheric Sciences and Airborne Sciences programs of the Earth Science Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Data collection is complete. ARISE was NASA's first Arctic airborne campaign designed to take simultaneous measurements of ice, clouds and the levels of incoming and outgoing radiation, the balance of which determined the degree of climate warming. Over the past few decades, an increase in global temperatures led to decreased Arctic summer sea ice. Typically, Arctic sea ice reflects sunlight from the Earth. However, a loss of sea ice means there is more open water to absorb heat from the sun, enhancing warming in the region. More open water can also cause the release of more moisture into the atmosphere. This additional moisture could affect cloud formation and the exchange of heat from Earth’s surface to space. Conducted during the peak of summer ice melt (August 28, 2014-October 1, 2014), ARISE was designed to study and collect data on thinning sea ice, measure cloud and atmospheric properties in the Arctic, and to address questions about the relationship between retreating sea ice and the Arctic climate. During the campaign, instruments on NASA’s C-130 aircraft conducted measurements of spectral and broadband radiative flux profiles, quantified surface characteristics, cloud properties, and atmospheric state parameters under a variety of Arctic atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. open water, sea ice, and land ice). When possible, C-130 flights were coordinated to fly under satellite overpasses. The primary aerial focus of ARISE was over Arctic sea ice and open water, with minor coverage over Greenland land ice. Through these efforts, the ARISE field campaign helped improve cloud and sea ice computer modeling in the Arctic.

NAAMES_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_Data are in situ cloud measurements collected onboard the C-130 aircraft during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). These measurements were collected from November 4, 2015 – November 29, 2015, May 11, 2016 – June 5, 2016 and August 30, 2017-September 22, 2017 over the North Atlantic Ocean. The primary objective of NAAMES was to resolve key processes controlling ocean system function, their influences on atmospheric aerosols and clouds and their implications for climate. The airborne products link local-scale processes and properties to the larger scale continuous satellite record. Data collection for this product is complete. The NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) project was the first NASA Earth Venture – Suborbital mission focused on studying the coupled ocean ecosystem and atmosphere. NAAMES utilizes a combination of ship-based, airborne, autonomous sensor, and remote sensing measurements that directly link ocean ecosystem processes, emissions of ocean-generated aerosols and precursor gases, and subsequent atmospheric evolution and processing. Four deployments coincide with the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Winter Transition (November 5 – December 2, 2015), the Bloom Climax (May 11 – June 5, 2016), the Deceleration Phase (August 30 – September 24, 2017), and the Acceleration Phase (March 20 – April 13, 2018). Ship-based measurements were conducted from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Research Vessel Atlantis in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, while airborne measurements were conducted on a NASA Wallops Flight Facility C-130 Hercules that was based at St. John's International Airport, Newfoundland, Canada. Data products in the ASDC archive focus on the NAAMES atmospheric aerosol, cloud, and trace gas data from the ship and aircraft, as well as related satellite and model data subsets. While a few ocean-remote sensing data products (e.g., from the high-spectral resolution lidar) are also included in the ASDC archive, most ocean data products reside in a companion archive at SeaBass.

ARCTAS_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_DC8_Data is the in-situ cloud data for the DC-8 aircraft collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft & Satellites sub-orbital campaign. Data from the CAPS instrument is featured in this data product and data collection for this product is complete. The Arctic is a critical region in understanding climate change. The responses of the Arctic to environmental perturbations such as warming, pollution, and emissions from forest fires in boreal Eurasia and North America include key processes such as the melting of ice sheets and permafrost, a decrease in snow albedo, and the deposition of halogen radical chemistry from sea salt aerosols to ice. Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) was a field campaign that explored environmental processes related to the high degree of climate sensitivity in the Arctic. ARCTAS was part of NASA’s contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements, and Models of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) Experiment for the International Polar Year 2007-2008. ARCTAS had four primary objectives. The first was to understand long-range transport of pollution to the Arctic. Pollution brought to the Arctic from northern mid-latitude continents has environmental consequences, such as modifying regional and global climate and affecting the ozone budget. Prior to ARCTAS, these pathways remained largely uncertain. The second objective was to understand the atmospheric composition and climate implications of boreal forest fires; the smoke emissions from which act as an atmospheric perturbation to the Arctic by impacting the radiation budget and cloud processes and contributing to the production of tropospheric ozone. The third objective was to understand aerosol radiative forcing from climate perturbations, as the Arctic is an important place for understanding radiative forcing due to the rapid pace of climate change in the region and its unique radiative environment. The fourth objective of ARCTAS was to understand chemical processes with a focus on ozone, aerosols, mercury, and halogens. Additionally, ARCTAS sought to develop capabilities for incorporating data from aircraft and satellites related to pollution and related environmental perturbations in the Arctic into earth science models, expanding the potential for those models to predict future environmental change. ARCTAS consisted of two, three-week aircraft deployments conducted in April and July 2008. The spring deployment sought to explore arctic haze, stratosphere-troposphere exchange, and sunrise photochemistry. April was chosen for the deployment phase due to historically being the peak in the seasonal accumulation of pollution from northern mid-latitude continents in the Arctic. The summer deployment sought to understand boreal forest fires at their most active seasonal phase in addition to stratosphere-troposphere exchange and summertime photochemistry. During ARCTAS, three NASA aircrafts, the DC-8, P-3B, and BE-200, conducted measurements and were equipped with suites of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation. Airborne data was used in conjunction with satellite observations from AURA, AQUA, CloudSat, PARASOL, CALIPSO, and MISR. The ASDC houses ARCTAS aircraft data, along with data related to MISR, a satellite instrument aboard the Terra satellite which provides measurements that provide information about the Earth’s environment and climate.

NAAMES_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_Data are in situ cloud measurements collected onboard the C-130 aircraft during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). These measurements were collected from November 4, 2015 – November 29, 2015, May 11, 2016 – June 5, 2016 and August 30, 2017-September 22, 2017 over the North Atlantic Ocean. The primary objective of NAAMES was to resolve key processes controlling ocean system function, their influences on atmospheric aerosols and clouds and their implications for climate. The airborne products link local-scale processes and properties to the larger scale continuous satellite record. Data collection for this product is complete. The NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) project was the first NASA Earth Venture – Suborbital mission focused on studying the coupled ocean ecosystem and atmosphere. NAAMES utilizes a combination of ship-based, airborne, autonomous sensor, and remote sensing measurements that directly link ocean ecosystem processes, emissions of ocean-generated aerosols and precursor gases, and subsequent atmospheric evolution and processing. Four deployments coincide with the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Winter Transition (November 5 – December 2, 2015), the Bloom Climax (May 11 – June 5, 2016), the Deceleration Phase (August 30 – September 24, 2017), and the Acceleration Phase (March 20 – April 13, 2018). Ship-based measurements were conducted from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Research Vessel Atlantis in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, while airborne measurements were conducted on a NASA Wallops Flight Facility C-130 Hercules that was based at St. John's International Airport, Newfoundland, Canada. Data products in the ASDC archive focus on the NAAMES atmospheric aerosol, cloud, and trace gas data from the ship and aircraft, as well as related satellite and model data subsets. While a few ocean-remote sensing data products (e.g., from the high-spectral resolution lidar) are also included in the ASDC archive, most ocean data products reside in a companion archive at SeaBass.

NAAMES_AerosolCloud_AircraftRemoteSensing_Data are remotely sensed cloud, aerosol and ocean optical measurements collected onboard the C-130 aircraft during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). NAAMES was a NASA funded Earth-Venture Suborbital (EVS) mission with 4 deployments occurring from 2015-2018. The NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) project was the first NASA Earth Venture – Suborbital mission focused on studying the coupled ocean ecosystem and atmosphere. NAAMES utilizes a combination of ship-based, airborne, autonomous sensor, and remote sensing measurements that directly link ocean ecosystem processes, emissions of ocean-generated aerosols and precursor gases, and subsequent atmospheric evolution and processing. Four deployments coincide with the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Winter Transition (November 5 – December 2, 2015), the Bloom Climax (May 11 – June 5, 2016), the Deceleration Phase (August 30 – September 24, 2017), and the Acceleration Phase (March 20 – April 13, 2018). Ship-based measurements were conducted from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Research Vessel Atlantis in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, while airborne measurements were conducted on a NASA Wallops Flight Facility C-130 Hercules that was based at St. John's International Airport, Newfoundland, Canada. Data products in the ASDC archive focus on the NAAMES atmospheric aerosol, cloud, and trace gas data from the ship and aircraft, as well as related satellite and model data subsets. While a few ocean-remote sensing data products (e.g., from the high-spectral resolution lidar) are also included in the ASDC archive, most ocean data products reside in a companion archive at SeaBass.

This data set consists of light scattering measurements provided by the 4-channel nephelometer g-meter instrument flown onboard the University of Washington's CV580 aircraft during the FIRE ACE field campaign.The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.