The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PA DCNR), Bureau of Geological Survey, provides estimates of groundwater recharge at 197 streamflow gaging stations where streamflow is relatively unaffected by regulation. Baseflow, runoff, and groundwater Recharge estimates were conducted via the Hydrologic toolbox by use of automated streamflow-hydrograph-analysis methods HySEP-Fixed, HySEP-LocMin, HySEP-Slide, PART, BFI-Standard, BFI-Modified, DF-One Param, DF-Two Param, and RORA.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, and Susquehanna River Basin Commission, prepared hydro-conditioned geographic information systems (GIS) layers for use in the Pennsylvania StreamStats application. These data were used to update the peak flow and low flow regression equations for Pennsylvania. This dataset consists of flow accumulation rasters for each 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) area in Pennsylvania, one of the layer types needed to delineate watersheds within the HUC-8 areas, merged into a single dataset. The 59 HUCs represented by this dataset are 02040101, 02040102, 02040103, 02040104, 02040105, 02040106, 02040201, 02040202, 02040203, 02040205, 02050101, 02050102, 02050103, 02050104, 02050105, 02050106, 02050107, 02050201, 02050202, 02050203, 02050204, 02050205, 02050206, 02050301, 02050302, 02050303, 02050304, 02050305, 02050306, 02060002, 02060003, 02070002, 02070003, 02070004, 02070009, 04110003, 04120101, 04130002, 05010001, 05010002, 05010003, 05010004, 05010005, 05010006, 05010007, 05010008, 05010009, 05020001, 05020002, 05020003, 05020004, 05020005, 05020006, 05030101, 05030102, 05030103, 05030104, 05030105, and 05030106.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, and Susquehanna River Basin Commission, prepared hydro-conditioned geographic information systems (GIS) layers for use in the Pennsylvania StreamStats application. These data were used to update the peak flow and low flow regression equations for Pennsylvania. This dataset consists of flow direction rasters for each 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) area in Pennsylvania, one of the layer types needed to delineate watersheds within the HUC-8 areas, merged into a single dataset. The 59 HUCs represented by this dataset are 02040101, 02040102, 02040103, 02040104, 02040105, 02040106, 02040201, 02040202, 02040203, 02040205, 02050101, 02050102, 02050103, 02050104, 02050105, 02050106, 02050107, 02050201, 02050202, 02050203, 02050204, 02050205, 02050206, 02050301, 02050302, 02050303, 02050304, 02050305, 02050306, 02060002, 02060003, 02070002, 02070003, 02070004, 02070009, 04110003, 04120101, 04130002, 05010001, 05010002, 05010003, 05010004, 05010005, 05010006, 05010007, 05010008, 05010009, 05020001, 05020002, 05020003, 05020004, 05020005, 05020006, 05030101, 05030102, 05030103, 05030104, 05030105, and 05030106.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), prepared geographic information systems (GIS) layers for use in the West Virginia StreamStats application. The Digital Elevation Model and associated data were hydrologically conditioned, which is the process of burning in single line streams at the 1:24,000 scale into a digital elevation model to produce flow direction and flow accumulation grids. This data includes geotif images for a 10 meter digital elevation model, a flow direction, and a flow accumulation raster/grid image for the WV Streamstats area. The 34 HUCs represented by this dataset are 02070001, 02070002, 02070003, 02070004, 02070005, 02070006, 02070007, 05020001, 05020002,05020003, 05020004, 05020005, 05020006, 05030101, 05030106, 05030201, 05030202, 05030203, 05050001, 05050002, 05050003, 05050004,05050005, 05050006, 05050007, 05050008, 05050009, 05070101, 05070102, 05070201, 05070202, 05070204, 05090101, and 05090102.

This USGS Data Release includes hydrologic data compiled for selected years during the period 1990-2017 to support the development and calibration of a numerical groundwater model used to simulate groundwater flow paths at and near former and currently active military bases in Montgomery and Bucks Counties in southeastern Pennsylvania (Goode and Senior, 2020). The hydrologic data compiled for the study area include: 1) withdrawal (pumping) rates for production and other wells; 2) quarry pumping rates; 3) rates of flow discharged to streams from the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) sources, and 4) measured water levels in wells. The data were compiled from various sources described in the metadata for each type of data, with complete references for data sources listed in (Goode and Senior, 2020). Withdrawal (pumping) and discharge rates in the data release represent annual average rates computed as needed from data compiled from various sources. The principal time periods for compiled data include 1990's, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017. Some values are estimated where data were missing or not available.

Streamflow was collected at various streamgages in western Pennsylvania in support of the scientific investigations report "Estimation of Base Flow on Ungaged, Periodically Measured Streams in Small Watersheds in Western Pennsylvania". Data observed at the streamgages for the period of August 1, 2014 through March 31, 2017 are considered. This dataset includes 1) observed streamflow and qualifier indicating the presence of precipitation or runoff at various streamgages, 2) all data used to develop prediction intervals for the titled estimation site based upon the titled index streamgage for use in runoff influenced streamflow analysis, 3) all data used to develop prediction intervals for the titled estimation site based upon the titled index streamgage for streamflow measurement schedule analysis, and 4) all data used to develop prediction intervals for the titled estimation site based upon the titled index streamgage for the period of May 1, 2015 to March 31, 2017 along with evaluation of data observed before May 1, 2015.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP), conducted an evaluation of data used by the PADEP to identify groundwater sources under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) in Pennsylvania (Gross and others, 2022). The data used in this evaluation and the processes used to compile them from multiple sources are described and provided herein. Data were compiled primarily but not exclusively from PADEP resources, including (1) source-information for public water-supply systems and Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA) results for public water-supply system groundwater sources from the agency’s Pennsylvania Drinking Water Information System (PADWIS) database (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2016), and (2) results associated with MPA testing from the PADEP Bureau of Laboratories (BOL) files and water-quality analyses obtained from the PADEP BOL, Sample Information System (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, written commun., various dates). Information compiled from sources other than the PADEP includes anthropogenic (land cover and PADEP region) and naturogenic (geologic and physiographic, hydrologic, soil characterization, and topographic) spatial data. Quality control (QC) procedures were applied to the PADWIS database to verify spatial coordinates, verify collection type information, exclude sources not designated as wells, and verify or remove values that were either obvious errors or populated as zero rather than as “no data.” The QC process reduced the original PADWIS dataset to 12,147 public water-supply system wells (hereafter referred to as the PADWIS database). An initial subset of the PADWIS database, termed the PADWIS database subset, was created to include 4,018 public water-supply system community wells that have undergone the Surface Water Identification Protocol (SWIP), a protocol used by the PADEP to classify sources as GUDI or non-GUDI (Gross and others, 2022). A second subset of the PADWIS database, termed the MPA database subset, represents MPA results for 631 community and noncommunity wells and includes water-quality data (alkalinity, chloride, Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, nitrate, pH, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, total coliform, total dissolved solids, total residue, and turbidity) associated with groundwater-quality samples typically collected concurrently with the MPA sample. The PADWIS database and two subsets (PADWIS database subset and MPA database subset) are compiled in a single data table (DR_2022_Table.xlsx), with the two subsets differentiated using attributes that are defined in the associated metadata table (DR_2022_Metadata_Table_Variables.xlsx). This metadata file (DR_2022_Metadata.xml) describes data resources, data compilation, and QC procedures in greater detail.

This data release reports water-quantity and water-quality data collected during 2014-2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS) at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO) in Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania (figure 1). These data establish a base-line for current hydrologic conditions and may be helpful to evaluate potential changes in the hydrologic characteristics of streams and associated wetlands at the ALPO Summit area (figure 2). The data are summarized in the interpretive report, “Hydrologic Characteristics and Water Quality of Headwater Streams and Wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit Area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, 2014-2016” by Cravotta and others (in review). During 2014-2016, synoptic surveys were conducted by the USGS, with assistance from NPS, to obtain data on stream flow or stage and the corresponding water quality over a range of hydrologic conditions at 10 monitoring sites (table 1, figure 2). The synoptic surveys typically included measurements of the water level at piezometers and stream gages, plus stream flow at the gages and associated tributary, seepage, or wetland sites. The daily values for data on stream stage (table 2) and piezometer water-level altitude (table 3) and water temperature (table 4) plus the corresponding daily precipitation and air-temperature data for PA13 (table 5) are summarized for this data release and presented with interpretations in the report by Cravotta and others (in review).

Streamflow was collected at various streamgages in western Pennsylvania in support of the scientific investigations report "Estimation of Base Flow on Ungaged, Periodically Measured Streams in Small Watersheds in Western Pennsylvania". Data observed at the streamgages for the period of August 1, 2014 through March 31, 2017 are considered. This dataset includes 1) all data used to develop prediction intervals for the titled estimation site based upon the titled index streamgage for the period of May 1, 2015 to March 31, 2017 and 2) evaluation of data observed before May 1, 2015. For prediction interval development, a Move.1 regression was developed between the titled estimation site and titled index streamgage. From this regression model, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is reported, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value is computed. The prediction interval development is included for the 95% prediction interval for both the nonparametric and parametric methods. For the parametric method, any prediction interval can be developed by changing Student's t critical value. Any data that were observed before May 1, 2015 were evaluated to see if they fell within the 95% nonparametric prediction interval. The data chosen for the regression development and evaluation is streamflow that is not influenced by runoff. Streamflow that occurred the day of precipitation and two days after is considered influenced by runoff and not included in the dataset. Not all streamgages have the same period of record; dates where data were observed both at the titled index streamgage and estimation site are described below in the "Time Period of Data" section.