This dataset contains measurements of various trace gases from the PAN and Trace Hydrohalocarbon ExpeRiment (PANTHER) across the four ATom campaigns. PANTHER uses Electron Capture Detection and Gas Chromatography (ECD-GC) and Mass Selective Detection and Gas Chromatography (MSD-GC) to measure numerous trace gases, including methyl halides, HCFCs, PAN, N2O, SF6, CFC-12, CFC-11, Halon 1211, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride.

This dataset, collected with the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS), provides atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O3). The UCATS system is three different instruments in one enclosure: a two-channel chromatograph with electron capture detectors (one measures N2O and SF6, the other measures CH4, H2 and CO), a tunable diode laser instrument for H2O, and a dual-beam O3 photometer.

NAAMES_TraceGas_AircraftInSitu_Data are in situ trace gas measurements collected onboard the C-130 aircraft during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). These measurements were collected from November 4, 2015 – November 29, 2015, May 11, 2016 – June 5, 2016 and August 30, 2017-September 22, 2017 over the North Atlantic Ocean. The primary objective of NAAMES was to resolve key processes controlling ocean system function, their influences on atmospheric aerosols and clouds and their implications for climate. The airborne products link local-scale processes and properties to the larger scale continuous satellite record. Data collection for this product is complete. The NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) project was the first NASA Earth Venture – Suborbital mission focused on studying the coupled ocean ecosystem and atmosphere. NAAMES utilizes a combination of ship-based, airborne, autonomous sensor, and remote sensing measurements that directly link ocean ecosystem processes, emissions of ocean-generated aerosols and precursor gases, and subsequent atmospheric evolution and processing. Four deployments coincide with the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Winter Transition (November 5 – December 2, 2015), the Bloom Climax (May 11 – June 5, 2016), the Deceleration Phase (August 30 – September 24, 2017), and the Acceleration Phase (March 20 – April 13, 2018). Ship-based measurements were conducted from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Research Vessel Atlantis in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, while airborne measurements were conducted on a NASA Wallops Flight Facility C-130 Hercules that was based at St. John's International Airport, Newfoundland, Canada. Data products in the ASDC archive focus on the NAAMES atmospheric aerosol, cloud, and trace gas data from the ship and aircraft, as well as related satellite and model data subsets. While a few ocean-remote sensing data products (e.g., from the high-spectral resolution lidar) are also included in the ASDC archive, most ocean data products reside in a companion archive at SeaBass.

This dataset, collected with the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS), provides atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O3). The UCATS system is three different instruments in one enclosure: a two-channel chromatograph with electron capture detectors (one measures N2O and SF6, the other measures CH4, H2 and CO), a tunable diode laser instrument for H2O, and a dual-beam O3 photometer.

This dataset provides O2/N2, CO2, Ar/N2, and stable isotope ratios of CO2 measured in flasks collected by the Medusa Whole Air Sampler during airborne campaigns conducted by NASA's Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. ATom deployed an extensive gas and aerosol payload on the NASA DC-8 aircraft for a systematic, global-scale sampling of the atmosphere, profiling continuously from 0.2 to 12 km altitude. Flights occurred in each of 4 seasons from 2016 to 2018. Medusa collected 32 cryogenically dried, flow, and pressure-controlled samples per flight. The samples are collected by an automated sampler into 1.5 L glass flasks that integrate over 25 seconds. Medusa provides discretely-sampled comparisons for onboard in situ O2/N2 ratio and CO2 measurements and unique measurements of Ar/N2 and 13C, 14C, and 18O isotopologues of CO2. Medusa flasks are analyzed on a sector-magnet mass spectrometer and a LiCor non-dispersive infrared CO2 analyzer by the Scripps O2 Program at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

The Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS) group aims to quantify the distributions and magnitudes of sources and sinks for atmospheric nitrous oxide and halogen containing compounds. They utilize numerous types of platforms, including ground-based stations, towers, ships, aircraft, and balloons to accomplish their mission. HATS also measures chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) at its various measurement sites. CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals that contains atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They are classified as halocarbons which are compounds that contain carbon and halogen atoms. CFCs were used as solvents, refrigerants, and aerosol sprays. While inert in the lower atmosphere, CFCs decompose in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) with some of the released chlorine becoming active in destroying ozone in the stratosphere. Over time this lead to the creation of the "Ozone Hole" over the Antarctic. Monitoring the amounts of CFCs and other trace gases is important to tracking the growth or recovery of the Ozone Hole. The Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (CATS) instruments have been in operation at the NOAA baseline observatories (Barrow, AK, Mauna Loa, HI, American Samoa, and South Pole, Antarctica) since 1999. The CATS instrument measure nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-12 (CCl2F2), CFC-11 (CCl3F), and CFC-113 (CCl2F-CClF2)), Halon-1211 (CBrClF2), methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The CATS gas chromatographs are custom built instruments that contain separation columns, flow controllers, an air selection valve, and an electron capture detector; all used for making measurements. Through the Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI), ESRL/GMD has taken their data collection and converted files into NetCDF-4, a self-describing format.

FIREXAQ_TraceGas_AircraftRemoteSensing_DC8_Data are remotely sensed trace gas measurements conducted onboard the DC8 aircraft during FIREX-AQ. This product features data collected by the DOAS instrument. Data collection for this product is complete.Completed during summer 2019, FIREX-AQ utilized a combination of instrumented airplanes, satellites, and ground-based instrumentation. Detailed fire plume sampling was carried out by the NASA DC-8 aircraft, which had a comprehensive instrument payload capable of measuring over 200 trace gas species, as well as aerosol microphysical, optical, and chemical properties. The DC-8 aircraft completed 23 science flights, including 15 flights from Boise, Idaho and 8 flights from Salina, Kansas. NASA’s ER-2 completed 11 flights, partially in support of the FIREX-AQ effort. The ER-2 payload was made up of 8 satellite analog instruments and provided critical fire information, including fire temperature, fire plume heights, and vegetation/soil albedo information. NOAA provided the NOAA-CHEM Twin Otter and the NOAA-MET Twin Otter aircraft to measure chemical processing in the lofted plumes of Western wildfires. The NOAA-CHEM Twin Otter focused on nighttime plume chemistry, from which data is archived at the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC). The NOAA-MET Twin Otter collected measurements of air movements at fire boundaries with the goal of understanding the local weather impacts of fires and the movement patterns of fires. NOAA-MET Twin Otter data will be archived at the ASDC in the future. Additionally, a ground-based station in McCall, Idaho and several mobile laboratories provided in-situ measurements of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, aerosol chemical compositions, and trace gas species. The Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign was a NOAA/NASA interagency intensive study of North American fires to gain an understanding on the integrated impact of the fire emissions on the tropospheric chemistry and composition and to assess the satellite’s capability for detecting fires and estimating fire emissions. The overarching goal of FIREX-AQ was to provide measurements of trace gas and aerosol emissions for wildfires and prescribed fires in great detail, relate them to fuel and fire conditions at the point of emission, characterize the conditions relating to plume rise, and follow plumes downwind to understand chemical transformation and air quality impacts.

This dataset provides the concentrations of gas-phase organic and inorganic analytes measured by the California Institute of Technology (CIT) Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS), or CIT-CIMS, flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the four ATom campaigns. The CIT-CIMS employs CF3O-ion chemistry with two independent mass spectrometers (compact time-of-flight and triple quadrupole) to enable sensitive and specific measurements of atmospheric trace gases. The measurements include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), nitric acid (HNO3), methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH), peroxyacetic acid (C2O3H4), peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), in units of parts-per-trillion-by-volume.

ATTREX-Aircraft_insitu_TraceGas_Measurements are in-situ trace gas measurements collected onboard the Global Hawk Uninhabited Aerial System (UAS) during the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaign. This collection consists of in-situ trace gas measurements collected by the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH), UCATS Gas Chromatograph, Advanced Whole Air Sampler (AWAS), Harvard University Picarro Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer, 2 channel internal path Tunable-Diode Laser (TDL) absorption spectrometer, and Dual-channel Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrometer for O3 measurements during the 2011 and 2013 deployments over California, and 2014 deployment over Guam. Data collection is complete.Even though it is typically found in low concentrations, stratospheric water vapor has large impacts on the Earth’s climate and energy budget. Studies have suggested that even relatively small changes in stratospheric humidity may have significant climate impacts and future changes in stratospheric humidity and ozone concentration in response to a changing climate are significant climate feedbacks. Tropospheric water vapor climate feedback is typically well represented in global models. However, predictions of future changes in stratospheric humidity are highly uncertain due to gaps in our understanding of physical processes occurring in the region of the atmosphere that controls the composition of the stratosphere, the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL, ~13-18 km). The ability to predict future changes in stratospheric ozone are also limited due to uncertainties in the chemical composition of the TTL. In order to address these uncertainties, the Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) was completed. Instruments during ATTREX provided measurements to trace the movement of reactive halogen-containing compounds and other important chemical species, the size and shape of cirrus cloud particles, water vapor, and winds in three dimensions through the TTL. Bromine-containing gases were measured to improve understanding of stratospheric ozone. ATTREX consisted of four NASA Global Hawk Uninhabited Aerial System (UAS) campaigns deployed from NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center (formally Dryden Flight Research Center). Campaigns were deployed over Edwards, CA, Guam, Hawaii, and Darwin, Australia in Boreal summer, winter, fall, and summer, respectively.