The data contained in this worksheet provides the quantitative detection of potential pathogens for the bathroom water samples used in this study. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lu, J., H. Buse, I. Struewing, A. Zhao, D. Lytle, and N. Ashbolt. Annual variations and effects of temperature on Legionella spp. and other potential opportunistic pathogens in tap and shower water. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, USA, 24(0): 2326-2336, (2016).

NNDSS - Table II. Invasive Pneumococcal to Legionellosis - 2016. In this Table, provisional* cases of selected† notifiable diseases (≥1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases are displayed. The Table includes total number of cases reported in the United States, by region and by states, in accordance with the current method of displaying MMWR data. Data on United States exclude counts from US territories. Note: These are provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases, from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data reported by the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly as numbered tables printed in the back of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of ongoing revision of information and delayed reporting. Case counts in this table are presented as they were published in the MMWR issues. Therefore, numbers listed in later MMWR weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. Footnotes: C.N.M.I.: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. U: Unavailable. -: No reported cases. N: Not reportable. NN: Not Nationally Notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Med: Median. Max: Maximum. * Case counts for reporting year 2016 are provisional and subject to change. For further information on interpretation of these data, see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/ ProvisionalNationaNotifiableDiseasesSurveillanceData20100927.pdf. Data for TB are displayed in Table IV, which appears quarterly. † Three low incidence conditions, rubella, rubella congenital, and tetanus, are in Table II to facilitate case count verification with reporting jurisdictions. § Includes drug resistant and susceptible cases of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. This condition was previously named Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease and cases were reported to CDC using different event codes to specify whether the cases were drug resistant or in a defined age group, such as <5 years.

NNDSS - Table II. Invasive Pneumococcal to Legionellosis - 2015.In this Table, provisional cases of selected notifiable diseases (≥1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases are displayed. The Table includes total number of cases reported in the United States, by region and by states, in accordance with the current method of displaying MMWR data. Data on United States exclude counts from US territories. Note:These are provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases, from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data reported by the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly as numbered tables printed in the back of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of ongoing revision of information and delayed reporting. Case counts in this table are presented as they were published in the MMWR issues. Therefore, numbers listed in later MMWR weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. Footnotes:C.N.M.I.: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. U: Unavailable. -: No reported cases. N: Not reportable. NN: Not Nationally Notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Med: Median. Max: Maximum. * Three low incidence conditions, rubella, rubella congenital, and tetanus, have been moved to Table 2 to facilitate case count verification with reporting jurisdictions. ��� Case counts for reporting year 2015 are provisional and subject to change. For further information on interpretation of these data, see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/ProvisionalNationaNotifiableDiseasesSurveillanceData20100927.pdf. Data for TB are displayed in Table IV, which appears quarterly. �� Includes drug resistant and susceptible cases of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. This condition was previously named Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease and cases were reported to CDC using different event codes to specify whether the cases were drug resistant or in a defined age group, such as <5 years. Since 2010, case notifications for this condition were consolidated under one event code for Invasive pneumococcal disease.

NNDSS - TABLE 1U. Legionellosis to Listeriosis - 2019. In this Table, provisional cases* of notifiable diseases are displayed for United States, U.S. territories, and Non-U.S. residents. Note: This table contains provisional cases of national notifiable diseases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data from the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly on the NNDSS Data and Statistics web page (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/data-and-statistics.html). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of the time needed to complete case follow-up. Therefore, numbers presented in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. The national surveillance case definitions used to define a case are available on the NNDSS web site at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/. Information about the weekly provisional data and guides to interpreting data are available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html. Footnotes: U: Unavailable — The reporting jurisdiction was unable to send the data to CDC or CDC was unable to process the data. -: No reported cases — The reporting jurisdiction did not submit any cases to CDC. N: Not reportable — The disease or condition was not reportable by law, statute, or regulation in the reporting jurisdiction. NN: Not nationally notifiable — This condition was not designated as being nationally notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published — CDC does not have data because of changes in how conditions are categorized. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Max: Maximum — Maximum case count during the previous 52 weeks. * Case counts for reporting years 2018 and 2019 are provisional and subject to change. Cases are assigned to the reporting jurisdiction submitting the case to NNDSS, if the case's country of usual residence is the US, a US territory, unknown, or null (i.e. country not reported); otherwise, the case is assigned to the 'Non-US Residents' category. For further information on interpretation of these data, see https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/Users_guide_WONDER_tables_cleared_final.pdf. † Previous 52 week maximum and cumulative YTD are determined from periods of time when the condition was reportable in the jurisdiction (i.e., may be less than 52 weeks of data or incomplete YTD data).

Background The gene encoding the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) of the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila is induced during intracellular infection, but is constitutively expressed in Eschericia coli. The causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, contains a well conserved copy of PPase. We sought to determine if expression of the M. tuberculosis PPase is regulated by the intracellular environment. Results A strain of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was constructed in which the Aequoria victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) is controlled by the promoter of the M. tuberculosis ppa gene. After prolonged exposure of the recombinant BCG strain within murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages, there was no observed increased activity of the ppa promoter. Furthermore, there was no change in promoter activity after exposure to various stress stimuli such as reduced pH, osmotic shock, nutrient limitation or oxidative stress. Conclusions These results suggest that macrophage induction of ppa is not a general phenomenon among intracellular pathogens.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service, conducted a study to determine the presence of algal toxins and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) within Pipestone National Monument located in Pipestone County in southwestern Minnesota. Three algal toxins (microcystins, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a) were analyzed in 12 water-quality samples collected from 8 surface and 2 quarry-water sample sites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Two of the three analyzed algal toxins (microcystins and anatoxin-a) were also analyzed using immunosorbent strip test methods. All analysis kits were provided by Abraxis Inc. (Warminister, Pa) and analyses were completed at the U.S. Geological Survey - Upper Midwest Water Science Center in Mounds View, Minnesota. MAP was analyzed in 16 water-quality samples and 8 sediment samples collected from 8 surface-water sample sites by multiple real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods at the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, Wisconsin. These data are a part of a larger study and an associated report documented in the U.S. Geological Survey Investigations Report 2023-XXXX (http://doiXXXXXplaceholder).

NNDSS - Table II. Legionellosis to Malaria - 2017. In this Table, provisional cases of selected notifiable diseases (≥1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases are displayed. The Table includes total number of cases reported in the United States, by region and by states, in accordance with the current method of displaying MMWR data. Data on United States exclude counts from US territories. Note: These are provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases, from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data reported by the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly as numbered tables printed in the back of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of ongoing revision of information and delayed reporting. Case counts in this table are presented as they were published in the MMWR issues. Therefore, numbers listed in later MMWR weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. Footnotes: C.N.M.I.: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. U: Unavailable. —: No reported cases. N: Not reportable. NN: Not Nationally Notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Med: Median. Max: Maximum. *Three low incidence conditions, rubella, rubella congenital, and tetanus, are in Table II to facilitate case count verification with reporting jurisdictions. † Case counts for reporting year 2017 are provisional and subject to change. For further information on interpretation of these data, see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/ ProvisionalNationaNotifiableDiseasesSurveillanceData20100927.pdf. Data for tuberculosis are displayed in Table IV, which appears quarterly.

Samples of Aplysina aerophoba were collected by scuba at 3-7 m depth at Pacug, Slovenia for microbiological and chemical comparison between sponge lesions and unaffected tissue on 10 diseased sponges and 10 healthy controls. To estimate disease incidence, a survey was performed along a randomly selected 15m line transect: all healthy and diseased specimens found within 0.5 m to either side were recorded: 53 Aplysina aerophoba colonies were recorded of which, 22 presented visible disease symptoms (black patches, white necrotic tissue or exposed skeletal fibres).DGGE was used to explore the similarity in microbial communities between healthy and diseased samples. A total of 65 unique bands were used to compare community similarity between samples, of these, 24 were sequenced to obtain phylogenetic detail. 16S rRNA gene sequencing disclosed bacterial phyla with representatives of the Alpha-, Gamma-, Delta- and Epsilon-proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. The Bacteroidetes (13, 19 and 21) and Epsilonproteobacteria (20 and 24) were only detected in diseased sponges.A more comprehensive phylogenetic comparison between the diseased and healthy samples using clone sequence data showed considerable differences proportions of the microbial community composition. Rarefaction analysis was performed to determine the number of unique bacterial clones as a proportion of the estimated total diversity.To determine if any eukaryotic organisms were specifically associated with the lesions on Aplysina aerophoba, DGGE was conducted with universal eukaryotic primers. A large number of bands were detected, but a single band was present in all diseased samples (with the exception of D2) and absent from the unaffected tissue of diseased sponges and healthy controls. 18S rRNA gene sequencing of this band revealed 96% sequence homology to the Harpactic copepod, Tisbe furcata.A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed from analysis of all 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from DGGE analysis. HPLC-UV-MS was used to acquire chemical profiles of healthy, diseased and unaffected portions of diseased Aplysina aerophoba tissue. The study aimed to understand the microbiology associated with 'Aplysina Black Patch Syndrome' and to determine if shifts in sponge metabolite production occur with disease.

USGS scientists enumerated bacteria, including bacterial pathogens, from surface water and sand/sediment collected at an intertidal site (mudflat) near the outfall the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP). This site has been monitored for metal concentrations and benthic invertebrate community for the last 30 years. Continued efforts to document changes in pollutant concentrations, forms, and types over time is critical to assess ecosystem health. Environmental water and sand samples were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Bacteriological Research Laboratory for enumeration of halophilic bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci, and the enrichment and isolation of Vibrio spp.