This data release contains a set of permeameter test data collected in February and March of 2014 on the Cedar River near Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The permeameter tests were performed in proximity to five horizontal collector wells (HCs) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, and three vertical wells that are operated by the City of Cedar Rapids. Each dataset represents groundwater levels over time while individual HC and a few selected vertical wells (S10, S18, S23) had pumps turned on or off to look at the response of the streambed sediments as it relates to the operations of HCs and vertical wells. Three permeameter test locations at the HC2 site and four at the HC1, 3, 4, and 6 were selected across the Cedar River for permeability tests. At each permeameter test location, a hole was drilled through the ice, and a 2-inch clear tube was inserted into the streambed so that the bottom of the tube was filled with streambed sediments and the resulting head after equilibration was representative of the groundwater head. Then, water was poured into the clear tube to measure the groundwater head using submersible pressure transducers recording at 5 second intervals. It was assumed that the water level of the stream was constant during the permeameter test (Chen, 2000). This data release contains the raw water level data in an Excel sheet (PermTestsCalcsAll2014.xlsx), a file (Readme_CR_PermeameterTestData.txt) that provides details about all the files, and an Environmental Systems Research Instituite (ESRI) shapefile (.shp) and its associated files. Reference: Chen, X., 2000, Measurement of streambed hydraulic conductivity and its anisotropy: Environmental Geology, v. 39, p. 1317-1324. [Also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540000172.]

In April 2015, approximately 22 miles of continuous seismic profiling (CSP) surveys were collected on the Cedar River in Iowa. The swept frequency (chirp) CSP subbottom profiler was used to characterize the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock. The CSP subbottom profiler is an acoustic sound source that travels through the water column and reflects off the bottom and sub-bottom layers and is received at the transducer. (see Collecting resistivity and seismic data Cedar River IA 2.JPG. Applying a water column velocity, the two-way travel time can be converted to distance. CSP methods provide the depth to water bottom, and when sufficient signal penetration is achieved, CSP can be used to delineate the depth of subbottom layers and topography of the bedrock surface.

Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to characterize the streambed permeability for two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, denoted by K, was measured with a backpack permeameter and modified Mark VI groundwater standpipe using the constant head method of Terhune [1958]. For each reach, permeameter measurements were collected at ten sites spanning a single pool-riffle transition.

Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to characterize the streambed permeability for two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, denoted by K, was measured with a backpack permeameter and modified Mark VI groundwater standpipe using the constant head method of Terhune [1958]. For each reach, permeameter measurements were collected at ten sites spanning a single pool-riffle transition.

A suite of geophysical methods was used along the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to support the hydrogeologic characterization of the alluvial aquifer associated with the river and to assess the area for suitability for larger-scale airborne geophysics. The aquifer is comprised of sand and gravel, interbedded with finer sediments, and underlain by carbonate-dominated bedrock. The aquifer is the principal source of municipal drinking water for the City of Cedar Rapids. The raw data files provided here include waterborne continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) and continuous seismic profiling (CSP) data, which were collected concurrently in April 2015, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles from April 2015, horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) seismic from April 2015 and several borehole geophysical logs including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gamma, and electromagnetic induction (EMI) from nine wells, collected in June, 2017. The CRP, ERT, and borehole logs measure the electrical properties of the subsurface, which can be related to stratigraphic layers. The HVSR, CSP, CRP and some of the borehole logs characterize the depth to bedrock. Collectively the suite of methods can help characterize the subsurface and map the extent of the sand and gravel aquifer. In addition, these geophysical measurements can be used to plan and to ground truth air-borne electromagnetic surveys.

In April 2015, approximately 19 miles of continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) surveys were collected on the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The CRP method was used to characterize the resistivity of the water column and subbottom materials. Five CRP profiles were collected concurrently with the continuous seismic methods. For this investigation, 11 electrodes spaced 10 m apart and mounted in a streamer were towed behind the boat and data were collected using the dipole-dipole array type. The first two electrodes, closest to the boat, were used to inject current into the water and subbottom materials, and eight electrical potential measurements were made using the remaining nine electrodes. With this system, a complete suite of measurements is collected every 2.8 seconds. Because the boat is moving at a slow rate of speed, a complete measurement is taken while the boat has moved about 3-5 m. In general, voltage measurements taken with larger electrode spacings extend deeper into the subsurface. The exact depth and resistivity are determined through a process of inversion. The raw CRP data are shared in this data release.

This data release includes periphyton sample and taxonomic information collected within the Lower Grand River hydrologic unit code 10280103, Missouri and Iowa, 2011 through 2018. Sample information includes U.S. Geological Survey station name and identification number where the sample was collected, the sample date, if the sample was a replicate sample, and a unique sample identification code. Taxonomic information provided in each row includes the currently accepted taxa name, average cell density, average biovolume per cell, total taxa biovolume, relative biovolume, total sample biovolume, laboratory notes, and taxon name provided by the identifying laboratory.

This data release includes periphyton sample and taxonomic information collected within the Lower Grand River hydrologic unit code 10280103, Missouri and Iowa, 2011 through 2018. Sample information includes U.S. Geological Survey station name and identification number where the sample was collected, the sample date, if the sample was a replicate sample, and a unique sample identification code. Taxonomic information provided in each row includes the currently accepted taxa name, average cell density, average biovolume per cell, total taxa biovolume, relative biovolume, total sample biovolume, laboratory notes, and taxon name provided by the identifying laboratory.

In September 2018, approximately 13 miles of continuous seismic profiling (CSP) surveys were collected on the Des Moines River and Beaver Creek in Des Moines, Iowa. The swept frequency (chirp) CSP subbottom profiler was used to characterize the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock. The CSP subbottom profiler is an acoustic sound source that travels through the water column and reflects off the bottom and sub-bottom layers and is received at the transducer. Applying a water column velocity, the two-way travel time can be converted to distance. CSP methods provide the depth to water bottom, and when sufficient signal penetration is achieved, CSP can be used to delineate the depth of subbottom layers and topography of the bedrock surface. Data were collected concurrently with CRP methods. Both methods used the same .gps files for georeferencing. Starting and ending coordinates for each line are specified in the file "readme_CSP.txt". This data release contains the raw instrument files for each survey line converted to open-source files (.SGY), a comma separated values notes file (CSP_Archive_Notes_DesMoinesIA.csv), and a text file (readme_CSP.txt) file that explains data files and contains the processing references. Field notes taken at the time of data collection are not included in this data release but are available upon request.

In September 2018, approximately 13 miles of continuous seismic profiling (CSP) surveys were collected on the Des Moines River and Beaver Creek in Des Moines, Iowa. The swept frequency (chirp) CSP subbottom profiler was used to characterize the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock. The CSP subbottom profiler is an acoustic sound source that travels through the water column and reflects off the bottom and sub-bottom layers and is received at the transducer. Applying a water column velocity, the two-way travel time can be converted to distance. CSP methods provide the depth to water bottom, and when sufficient signal penetration is achieved, CSP can be used to delineate the depth of subbottom layers and topography of the bedrock surface. Data were collected concurrently with CRP methods. Both methods used the same .gps files for georeferencing. Starting and ending coordinates for each line are specified in the file "readme_CSP.txt". This data release contains the raw instrument files for each survey line converted to open-source files (.SGY), a comma separated values notes file (CSP_Archive_Notes_DesMoinesIA.csv), and a text file (readme_CSP.txt) file that explains data files and contains the processing references. Field notes taken at the time of data collection are not included in this data release but are available upon request.