In this study, we examined how CO2-driven acidification affected larval survival and condition in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), an important fishery species in Alaska. Ovigerous females were held in one of three treatments: ambient pH (~8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5, through two annual reproductive cycles. Experiments on the effects of reduced pH on morphology; starvation survival; mass; and Ca, Mg, C, and N contents of the larvae were conducted in a design that fully crossed maternal treatment (pH at which the ovigerous females were held during embryo development) and larval treatment (which were the same 3 pH treatments). The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data, are under review as: Long, W.C., Swiney, K.M., Foy, R.J., 2023. Direct, carryover, and maternal effects of ocean acidification on snow crab embryos and larvae. PLOS ONE 18(10), e0276360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276360

This is data from a laboratory experiment in which red and blue king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus and P. platypus) juveniles were held at three different pH levels (ambient, pH 7.8, and pH 7.5). Growth, survival, feeding and respiration were recorded. The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data are published as: Long, W.C., Pruisner, P., Swiney, K.M., and Foy, R. 2019. Effects of ocean acidification on respiration, feeding, and growth of juvenile red and blue king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus and P. platypus). ICES J. Mar. Sci. 76(5): 1335-1343. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz090.

Multiple stressor studies are needed to better understand the effects of oceanic changes on marine organisms. To determine the effects of near-future ocean acidification and warming temperature on young of the year red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) survival, growth, and morphology, we conducted a long-term (184 d) fully crossed experiment with two pHs and three temperatures: ambient pH (~7.99), pH 7.8, ambient temperature, ambient +2 degrees Celsius, and ambient +4 degrees Celsius, for a total of 6 treatments. Mortality rate increased with both reduced pH and by higher temperatures, but interpretation of the multistressor effects is not straightforward as a clear trend was not observed. A synergetic effect was observed; the pH 7.8 and ambient +4 degrees Celsius temperature treatment had the lowest survival, with only 3% surviving to the end of the experiment. However, antagonistic effects were observed in the pH 7.8 ambient +2 degrees Celsius temperature treatment; the mortality rate in this treatment was less than the mortality rate of each of the stressors individually. Despite the effects on mortality, neither decreased pH nor increased temperature had an effect on growth or morphology. The results of this study combined with other studies suggest that ocean acidification and warming may have profound negative effects on red king crab populations in the upcoming decades unless the species is able to quickly adapt or acclimate to changing conditions.

In this study, we examined how CO2-driven acidification affected the embyro development and hatching of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), an important fishery species in Alaska. Ovigerous females were held in one of three treatments: ambient pH (~8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5, through two annual reproductive cycles. Morphometric changes during development and hatching success were measured for embryos both years and calcification was measured for the adult females at the end of the 2-year experiment. The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data, have been published as: Long, W.C., Swiney, K.M., Foy, R.J., 2023. Direct, carryover, and maternal effects of ocean acidification on snow crab embryos and larvae. PLOS ONE 18(10), e0276360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276360

This data set is the results of a laboratory experiment. Juvenile red king crab and Tanner crab were reared in individual containers for nearly 200 days in flowing control (pH 8.0), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 seawater at ambient temperatures (range 4.4-11.9 C). Survival, growth, and morphology were measured throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, calcium concentration was measured in each crab and the dry mass and condition index of each crab were determined.

In this study, we examined how CO2-driven acidification affected the growth and survival of juvenile golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus), an important fishery species in Alaska. Juveniles were reared from larvae in surface ambient pH seawater at the Kodiak Laboratory. Newly molted early benthic instar crabs were randomly assigned to one of three pH treatments: (1) surface ambient pH ~ 8.2, (2) likely in situ ambient pH 7.8, and (3) pH 7.5. Thirty crabs were held in individual inserts in each treatment for 127 days and checked daily for molting or death. The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data, are published as: Long, W. C., Swiney, K. M., & Foy, R. J. (2021). Effects of ocean acidification on young of the year golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) survival and growth. Marine Biology, 168(8), 126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03930-y.

This dataset contains the sample sizes and p-values for analysis of the size of juvenile Dungeness crab reared in ambient and high CO2 analysis compares the effect of CO2 within a single life-stage. The “Size Diff” is the average size of crabs rear in ambient CO2 minus the average size of crabs reared in high CO2. The “Percent Diff” is the percent difference between the ambient and high CO2 measurement.

This is data from a laboratory experiment in which snow crab juveniles were held at three different pHs (ambient, pH 7.8, and pH 7.5). Growth, survival, and morphology were recorded. The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data, are under review as: Long, W.C. (In Review). Ocean acidification reduces juvenile snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, survival but does not affect growth or morphometrics.

This dataset includes observations of how CO2-driven acidification affected the growth and survival of juvenile blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus.), an important fishery species in Alaska. Early benthic instar crabs were randomly assigned to one of three pH treatments: (1) surface ambient pH ~ 8.2, (2) likely in situ ambient pH 7.8, and (3) pH 7.5. Thirty crabs were held in individual inserts in each treatment for one year and checked daily for molting or death. The complete methods, which should be read and understood prior to using this data, are published as: Long, W. C., Van Sant, S. B., Swiney, K. M., and Foy, R. 2017. Survival, growth, and morphology of blue king crabs: Effect of ocean acidification decreases with exposure time. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74: 1033-1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw197.

Impacts of elevated carbon dioxide on marine ecosystems depend on physiological responses to consequential decreased pH and increased temperature. Responses to these environmental factors vary among species and life stages, and interactive effects can be significant. To study effects of decreased pH and increased temperature on juvenile red king crab (RKC, Paralithodes camtschaticus) we exposed individuals to three levels of temperature: 11 degrees Celsius (ambient), 13 degrees Celsius, and 14 degrees Celsius, crossed with three levels of pH: 8.0, 7.8 and 7.5, for a total of nine treatments. To better understand the effect of these environmental changes at the level of genome regulation, we analyzed total RNA of whole crabs using Illumina-based RNA-seq whole-transcriptome sequencing. We assembled a RKC transcriptome using Trinity, annotated the transcriptome using Trinotate, and estimated expression levels using bowtie2, samtools and eXpress. Differentially expressed genes were identified using EdgeR. Genes were clustered by expression patterns. Interactive effects were determined by comparing sets of differentially expressed genes using three statistical models to examine the effect of temperature, the effect of pH, and the interaction between temperature and pH in EdgeR. The largest set of differentially expressed genes encoded proteins involved in regulation of extracellular and cuticular structures, including chitin-binding and calcification related proteins.