A national survey of lead and other metal(loids) in residential drinking water in the United States. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Contact bradham.karen@epa.gov. Format: The data set includes data that EPA generated for Pb concentrations from drinking water samples collected by HUD and HUD's contractor along with housing characteristics, general location information, and socioeconomic data provided by HUD. The journal article includes data that has been reviewed and approved by HUD for publication as they are co-authors. In order to protect sensitive information, the only data that will be publicly available is included in the journal article and supporting information.

Lead concentrations in drinking water samples collected under various sampling protocols in homes with lead service lines and in homes without lead service lines in two US cities. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lytle, D., M. Urbanic, A. Paul, R. Achtemeier, A. Lewis, S. Hammaker, A. Estep, M. Nadagouda, R. James, and S. Triantafyllidou. Alternative approaches to lead sampling in drinking water: A comparative study of homes with and without lead service lines in two cities. WATER RESEARCH. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 994: 180063, (2025).

Lead and Copper are regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, under the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR).

This data includes information on Arsenic violations in the US, including time patterns and spatial patterns in Arsenic violations, and people served by systems in violation. Most of the data is from the Safe Drinking Water Information System. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Foster, S., M. Pennino, J. Compton, S. Leibowitz, and M. Kile. Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased Across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level.. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(19): 11478-11485, (2019).

This data includes information on Arsenic violations in the US, including time patterns and spatial patterns in Arsenic violations, and people served by systems in violation. Most of the data is from the Safe Drinking Water Information System. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Foster, S., M. Pennino, J. Compton, S. Leibowitz, and M. Kile. Arsenic Drinking Water Violations Decreased Across the United States Following Revision of the Maximum Contaminant Level.. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(19): 11478-11485, (2019).

At-the-tap samples tested for lead and copper

This is a literature review paper that did not generate any new data. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: This work did not produce new data. It can be accessed through the following means: Data mentioned in this literature review can be accessed by accessing the original sources of information, as cited within the review. Format: This paper is a literature review (i.e., no new data generated). Sources of information are appropriately cited. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Triantafyllidou, S., J. Burkhardt, J. Tully, K. Cahalan, M. DeSantis, D. Lytle, and M. Schock. Variability and sampling of lead (Pb) in drinking water: Assessing potential human exposure depends on the sampling protocol. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 146: 106259, (2021).

This work discusses drinking water sampling efforts for lead in Flint, MI. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lytle, D., M. Schock, K. Wait, K. Cahalan, V. Bosscher, A. Porter, and M. Deltoral. SEQUENTIAL DRINKING WATER SAMPLING AS A TOOL FOR EVALUATING LEAD IN FLINT, MICHIGAN. WATER RESEARCH. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 157: 40-54, (2019).

This work discusses drinking water sampling efforts for lead in Flint, MI. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lytle, D., M. Schock, K. Wait, K. Cahalan, V. Bosscher, A. Porter, and M. Deltoral. SEQUENTIAL DRINKING WATER SAMPLING AS A TOOL FOR EVALUATING LEAD IN FLINT, MICHIGAN. WATER RESEARCH. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 157: 40-54, (2019).