The Maumee River network contributes a significant amount of total phosphorus (P), including both sediment-bound P (sed-P) and dissolved P, to the Western Lake Erie Basin. Most Maumee River headwater streams are agricultural, with conservation management focused on limiting sediment and nutrient transport from cropland to the stream network. However, several studies have shown streambank erosion to be another source of suspended sediment in these streams. This data release is comprised of four tables with data related to particle-size distribution and resultant estimate of sed-P mass based on streambed-sediment stored in the Black Creek, IN (U.S. Geological Survey number 04183038) and Little Flatrock Creek, OH (04191444) stream networks in July 2019. Data included provided for extrapolation from described reaches to the entire network upstream of the gage.

Data include total nitrogen and carbon, carbon species, total metal, and particle-size analyses of soft streambed from the Black Creek basin, Allen County, Indiana that was collected in July 2019. These data will be used in a sediment-source mixing model in order to attribute the proportional contribution of individual sources to suspended sediment in the basin. Source samples were identified as one of five land-cover types: cropland (corn, soybean, hay, and wheat; sites included a mix of conventional and conservation tillage), active horse pasture, roads, preserved forest, and streambanks along agricultural and non-agricultural channels. Source data were collected in August 2017 (Williamson and others, 2020). Williamson, T.N, Hardebeck, M.J, and Martin, G.R, 2020, Chemical and physical data for sediment source fingerprinting of suspended and bottom sediment in Black Creek, Indiana, tributary to the Maumee River and western Lake Erie - Source samples: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W28HF0.

Data include total nitrogen and carbon, carbon species, total metal, and particle-size analyses of soft streambed from the Black Creek basin, Allen County, Indiana that was collected in July 2019. These data will be used in a sediment-source mixing model in order to attribute the proportional contribution of individual sources to suspended sediment in the basin. Source samples were identified as one of five land-cover types: cropland (corn, soybean, hay, and wheat; sites included a mix of conventional and conservation tillage), active horse pasture, roads, preserved forest, and streambanks along agricultural and non-agricultural channels. Source data were collected in August 2017 (Williamson and others, 2020). Williamson, T.N, Hardebeck, M.J, and Martin, G.R, 2020, Chemical and physical data for sediment source fingerprinting of suspended and bottom sediment in Black Creek, Indiana, tributary to the Maumee River and western Lake Erie - Source samples: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W28HF0.

The Maumee River network contributes a significant amount of total phosphorus (P), including both sediment-bound P (sed-P) and dissolved P, to the Western Lake Erie Basin. Most Maumee River headwater streams are agricultural, with conservation management focused on limiting sediment and nutrient transport from cropland to the stream network. However, several studies have shown streambank erosion to be another source of suspended sediment in these streams. This data release is comprised of six tables with data related to channel geometry, streambed sediment, and streambank erosion in the Little Flatrock Creek stream network in 2019. Data included provided for extrapolation from 15 described reaches to the entire network upstream of the gage (U.S. Geological Survey site ID 04191444).

This data release contains nutrient and sediment concentrations, loads, and yields from a USGS subsurface-tile edge-of-field (EOF) agricultural monitoring site. Sampling and flow monitoring were performed at the outlet of a subsurface-tile that drains 14.7 acres of cultivated cropland. The site is located in South Central Michigan and discharges into a headwater stream of the Maumee watershed. Through a cooperative agreement between the USGS and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in Michigan, data was collected from May 22, 2019, through March 19, 2023. Water quality and rainfall metrics are summarized by individual flow events to evaluate the contribution of EOF losses to a headwater stream. The methods used to collect this data followed USGS EOF monitoring methods (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/20081015/) and the contents of this data release are consistent with a related EOF data release (Komiskey et. al 2023). Flow data, including total flow volume, flow-weighted mean concentrations, total loads, and total yields, were computed for each flow event. A flow event was defined as any period of flow at a station that was classified as a storm and represents flow that was related to rainfall or snowmelt. In the combined flow and rain table, multiple flow events were combined if they occurred within 2 hours of each other, to account for similar rainfall/runoff characteristics. Linked to each flow event, rainfall metrics were computed (rain total, duration, intensity, erosivity, and antecedent rainfall). Rain metrics were also computed for the entire rainfall record, which are in the rain event table. Similar to the combined flow-related rain metrics, rainfall was combined into a single event if it occurred within 2 hours of the previous rainfall. There were occurrences of continuous flow between rain events, which were not associated with a period of rainfall or snowmelt, likely due to excessive soil saturation or shallow groundwater discharge. These periods of intermittent tile discharge were not classified as a storm. Monitoring was conducted year-round to evaluate flow characteristics among seasons and variation in weather, field conditions, and agricultural activities.

This data release contains nutrient and sediment concentrations, loads, and yields from a USGS subsurface-tile edge-of-field (EOF) agricultural monitoring site. Sampling and flow monitoring were performed at the outlet of a subsurface-tile that drains 14.7 acres of cultivated cropland. The site is located in South Central Michigan and discharges into a headwater stream of the Maumee watershed. Through a cooperative agreement between the USGS and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in Michigan, data was collected from May 22, 2019, through March 19, 2023. Water quality and rainfall metrics are summarized by individual flow events to evaluate the contribution of EOF losses to a headwater stream. The methods used to collect this data followed USGS EOF monitoring methods (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/20081015/) and the contents of this data release are consistent with a related EOF data release (Komiskey et. al 2023). Flow data, including total flow volume, flow-weighted mean concentrations, total loads, and total yields, were computed for each flow event. A flow event was defined as any period of flow at a station that was classified as a storm and represents flow that was related to rainfall or snowmelt. In the combined flow and rain table, multiple flow events were combined if they occurred within 2 hours of each other, to account for similar rainfall/runoff characteristics. Linked to each flow event, rainfall metrics were computed (rain total, duration, intensity, erosivity, and antecedent rainfall). Rain metrics were also computed for the entire rainfall record, which are in the rain event table. Similar to the combined flow-related rain metrics, rainfall was combined into a single event if it occurred within 2 hours of the previous rainfall. There were occurrences of continuous flow between rain events, which were not associated with a period of rainfall or snowmelt, likely due to excessive soil saturation or shallow groundwater discharge. These periods of intermittent tile discharge were not classified as a storm. Monitoring was conducted year-round to evaluate flow characteristics among seasons and variation in weather, field conditions, and agricultural activities.

The Middle Fork Willamette River Basin encompasses 3,548 square kilometers of western Oregon and drains to the mainstem Willamette River. Fall Creek Basin encompasses 653 square kilometers and drains to the Middle Fork Willamette River. In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated geomorphic responses of downstream river corridors to annual drawdowns to streambed at Fall Creek Lake. This study of geomorphic change is focused on the major alluvial channel segments downstream of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams including the lowermost 11.5 km of Fall Creek and 27.3 km of the Middle Fork Willamette River, as well as Fall Creek Lake. This dataset is delivered as one excel workbook with two tabs, and associated metadata includes separate entity sections for each workbook tab. These tables document grain-size distributions and sediment depths collected as a part of a study to document the geomorphic responses to the Fall Creek Lake streambed drawdowns. Surficial grain size distributions and fine sediment deposit depths were measured for this study over 2015 through 2017 to support analyses tracking geomorphic change in the reaches downstream of Fall Creek Lake. Particle counts were collected at 6 gravel bars along Fall Creek and the Middle Fork Willamette River in September 2015. Counts were repeated at 5 of those sites and at 5 additional sites along the Middle Fork Willamette River in October 2016. Multiple clay horizon markers were deployed at 10 sites in October 2015. Deposition depths were measured multiple times throughout the year. Clay horizon markers were deployed again at 9 of the 2015 sites plus one additional site in October-November 2016 and, again, measured throughout the year. Sediment measurements are summarized in spreadsheet tables.

The Middle Fork Willamette River Basin encompasses 3,548 square kilometers of western Oregon and drains to the mainstem Willamette River. Fall Creek Basin encompasses 653 square kilometers and drains to the Middle Fork Willamette River. In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated geomorphic responses of downstream river corridors to annual drawdowns to streambed at Fall Creek Lake. This study of geomorphic change is focused on the major alluvial channel segments downstream of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams including the lowermost 11.5 km of Fall Creek and 27.3 km of the Middle Fork Willamette River, as well as Fall Creek Lake. This dataset is delivered as one excel workbook with two tabs, and associated metadata includes separate entity sections for each workbook tab. These tables document grain-size distributions and sediment depths collected as a part of a study to document the geomorphic responses to the Fall Creek Lake streambed drawdowns. Surficial grain size distributions and fine sediment deposit depths were measured for this study over 2015 through 2017 to support analyses tracking geomorphic change in the reaches downstream of Fall Creek Lake. Particle counts were collected at 6 gravel bars along Fall Creek and the Middle Fork Willamette River in September 2015. Counts were repeated at 5 of those sites and at 5 additional sites along the Middle Fork Willamette River in October 2016. Multiple clay horizon markers were deployed at 10 sites in October 2015. Deposition depths were measured multiple times throughout the year. Clay horizon markers were deployed again at 9 of the 2015 sites plus one additional site in October-November 2016 and, again, measured throughout the year. Sediment measurements are summarized in spreadsheet tables.

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release contains locations and concentrations of metals in various size fractions in floodplain-core, streambed-sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and underlying soils collected from along the Middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District from 2012 to 2015. All samples were analyzed either by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Concentrations of metals in quality-assurance samples are also presented to evaluate the effect of sample splitting and compare the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USGS Missouri Water Science Center XRF units. Major and trace elements included in this data release include aluminum, antinomy, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc. These data tables are provided as machine readable access to the tables in the following publication: Smith, D.C., and Schumacher, J.G., 2018, Distribution of mining-related trace elements in streambed and flood-plain sediment along the middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5103, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185103.

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release contains locations and concentrations of metals in various size fractions in floodplain-core, streambed-sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and underlying soils collected from along the Middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District from 2012 to 2015. All samples were analyzed either by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Concentrations of metals in quality-assurance samples are also presented to evaluate the effect of sample splitting and compare the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USGS Missouri Water Science Center XRF units. Major and trace elements included in this data release include aluminum, antinomy, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc. These data tables are provided as machine readable access to the tables in the following publication: Smith, D.C., and Schumacher, J.G., 2018, Distribution of mining-related trace elements in streambed and flood-plain sediment along the middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5103, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185103.