This layer is intended to represent the geographic extent of NOAA Fisheries’ California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Survey transects. NOAA’s portion of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) started in 1949 and is led by NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center. This survey is managed by the Fisheries Oceanography Program, composed of the Ichthyoplankton Ecology and Ship Operations groups. These groups work to contribute to the understanding of the effects of climate change and climate variability on pelagic fisheries. Alongside informing management decisions and publishing long-term datasets, the fisheries oceanography program also tracks long-term trends in key habitat variables, assesses stock-recruit and temperature-recruitment relationships for sardine assessments and updates environmental indices. The ship operations group averages 100-120 days at sea annually. Approximately 80 percent of that time is dedicated to the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program collecting data through cruises. Surveys collect biological data via trawls, acoustic monitoring, and plankton sampling.

This layer is intended to represent the geographic extent of NOAA Fisheries’ California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Survey. NOAA’s portion of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) started in 1949 and is led by NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center. This survey is managed by the Fisheries Oceanography Program, composed of the Ichthyoplankton Ecology and Ship Operations groups. These groups work to contribute to the understanding of the effects of climate change and climate variability on pelagic fisheries. Alongside informing management decisions and publishing long-term datasets, the fisheries oceanography program also tracks long-term trends in key habitat variables, assesses stock-recruit and temperature-recruitment relationships for sardine assessments and updates environmental indices. The ship operations group averages 100-120 days at sea annually. Approximately 80 percent of that time is dedicated to the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program collecting data through cruises. Surveys collect biological data via trawls, acoustic monitoring, and plankton sampling.

From 2007-2016, CA Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP) scientists and fishermen have conducted hook-and-line surveys within three Central Coast State Marine Reserves (Point Lobos, Piedras Blancas (2008 only), and Point Buchon, SMRs) and a State Marine Conservation Area (Año Nuevo, SMCA), along with nearby reference sites (Figure 1). The Año Nuevo, Point Lobos, Piedras Blancas, and Point Buchon MPAs encompass areas of 10.2 mi2, 5.4 mi2, 10.4 mi2, and 6.7 mi2 respectively. Reference sites were based on the criteria that they shared similar size, habitat, and oceanographic conditions with the nearby MPAs. Within the boundaries of each MPA and reference site, 500 m x 500 m grid cells were created and used to randomly select sampling locations. The grid cells were positioned in nearshore rocky habitats, in water less than 40 meters deep (to limit fishing mortality from barotrauma), in areas that had been identified by fishermen as having suitable habitat for nearshore fishes. A total of 22 grid cells in Año Nuevo, 17 cells in Point Lobos, 57 cells in Piedras Blancas, and 22 cells in Point Buchon were generated (Figure 2). On a given survey day, four of these cells were selected at random and sampled. In 2008 and 2009, surveys were also completed in (then) proposed North Central Coast SMRs (Point Reyes, and North and Southeast Farallon Islands) and near Bolinas/ Duxbury Reef. These surveys utilized the CCFRP hook-and-line survey protocols with the exception that sampling was not completed within 500m x 500m grid cells. These trips provided an opportunity to evaluate the areas in order to locate optimal fishing areas and create grid cells for future surveys. Duxbury Reef, an open area, will serve as a project reference area because this area has been surveyed since 2005.

This data set contains catch and effort, landings, and observer data from longline vessels fishing in the North Pacific outside the U.S. west coast EEZ. Logbooks and landings data are available from 1991 to the present and observer data is available from 2001 to present. California-based longliners target swordfish and bigeye tunas, however, other species of tunas, billfishes, and sharks are also caught.

Pelagic eggs collected using the CUFES during cruises conducted by the SWFSC Fisheries Resources Division from 1996 to present. Data are typically collected every 30 min while the ship is underway. Eggs are identified as Pacific sardine, northern anchovy, jack mackerel, hake, squid, or other fish eggs. Some additional species identifications have been noted in the comments.

From 2007-2016, CA Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP) scientists and fishermen have conducted hook-and-line surveys within three Central Coast State Marine Reserves (Point Lobos, Piedras Blancas (2008 only), and Point Buchon, SMRs) and a State Marine Conservation Area (Año Nuevo, SMCA), along with nearby reference sites (Figure 1). The Año Nuevo, Point Lobos, Piedras Blancas, and Point Buchon MPAs encompass areas of 10.2 mi2, 5.4 mi2, 10.4 mi2, and 6.7 mi2 respectively. Reference sites were based on the criteria that they shared similar size, habitat, and oceanographic conditions with the nearby MPAs. Within the boundaries of each MPA and reference site, 500 m x 500 m grid cells were created and used to randomly select sampling locations. The grid cells were positioned in nearshore rocky habitats, in water less than 40 meters deep (to limit fishing mortality from barotrauma), in areas that had been identified by fishermen as having suitable habitat for nearshore fishes. A total of 22 grid cells in Año Nuevo, 17 cells in Point Lobos, 57 cells in Piedras Blancas, and 22 cells in Point Buchon were generated (Figure 2). On a given survey day, four of these cells were selected at random and sampled. In 2008 and 2009, surveys were also completed in (then) proposed North Central Coast SMRs (Point Reyes, and North and Southeast Farallon Islands) and near Bolinas/ Duxbury Reef. These surveys utilized the CCFRP hook-and-line survey protocols with the exception that sampling was not completed within 500m x 500m grid cells. These trips provided an opportunity to evaluate the areas in order to locate optimal fishing areas and create grid cells for future surveys. Duxbury Reef, an open area, will serve as a project reference area because this area has been surveyed since 2005.

The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)

This layer is intended to represent the geographic extent of NOAA Fisheries’ Southern California Shelf Rockfish Hook and Line Survey. The Southern California Shelf Rockfish Hook and Line Survey started in 2003 and is led by NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This survey samples ecologically and economically important shelf rockfish species over untrawlable habitats in the Southern California Bight. The survey is a cooperative effort between NOAA Fisheries, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, and the Southern California sportfishing industry to develop fishery-independent time series of abundance and biological data for use in stock assessments for tens of groundfish species in the region. NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center partners with the sportfishing fleet to sample over 200 locations annually. Survey biologists collect information about the abundance, biology, ecology, and genetics of species to support research into cryptic species, population structure, and eDNA applications. Oceanographic data profiles are also generated for each site visited.

Goal 1: Improve understanding of salmon ocean ecology by integrating stock-specific distribution patterns over space and time with biological and environmental data. Goal 2: Integrate multiple disciplines to develop and apply new scientific technology to improve fisheries management strategies across geo-political boundaries. Goal 3: Improve economic opportunities for fishermen and coastal communities. The Oregon Salmon Commission, California Salmon Council, and Washington Trollers Association lead the Collaboration. Partners include Oregon Sea Grant, Community Seafood Initiative, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, University of California Santa Cruz, Oregon State University, Oregon and Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, California and Idaho Departments of Fish and Game, National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest, and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers. Fishermen sample Chinook salmon at sea. Genetic Stock Identification (GSI) analysis is used to determine stock of origin. Scales are examined to determine age, and other biological and physical data are taken. The purpose is to develop Fishery information system with multiple goals. The target audience is the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) and Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) Management, as well as fishermen, scientists, marketers, educators, and the general public. This is a stand-alone project, with one principal point of contact in NMFS. This project is ongoing. Chinook genetics for stock identification.