This dataset provides the water-quality results for organic and inorganic concentrations analyzed from samples collected at residential tapwater faucets, sourced from private drinking water wells in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Samples were collected in July and August, 2018 from 20 locations. Samples were analyzed at various U.S. Geological Survey laboratories: the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado for organic compounds; the Redox Chemistry Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado for inorganic constituents; the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas for microcystin analyses; and the Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California for disinfectant byproduct analyses. Additionally, samples were analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado.

In vitro bioactivity concentrations and chemical concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids from a pilot study of US tapwaters. In vitro bioassays include T47D-Kbluc, MDA-kb2, and a CV-1 cell line transduced with human glucocorticoid receptor. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Bradley, P., D. Kolpin, K. Romanok, K. Smalling, M. Focaszio, J. Brown, M. Cardon, K. Carpenter, S. Corsi, L. DeCicco, J. Dietze, N. Evans, E. Furlong, C. Givens, J. Gray, D. Griffin, C. Higgins, M. Hladik, L. Iwanowicz, C. Journey, K. Kuivila, J. Masoner, C. McDonough, M. Meyer, J. Orlando, M. Strynar, C. Weis, and V. Wilson. Reconnaissance of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Private and Public Supply Tapwaters at Selected Residential and Workplace Sites in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 13972-13985, (2018).

In vitro bioactivity concentrations and chemical concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids from a pilot study of US tapwaters. In vitro bioassays include T47D-Kbluc, MDA-kb2, and a CV-1 cell line transduced with human glucocorticoid receptor. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Bradley, P., D. Kolpin, K. Romanok, K. Smalling, M. Focaszio, J. Brown, M. Cardon, K. Carpenter, S. Corsi, L. DeCicco, J. Dietze, N. Evans, E. Furlong, C. Givens, J. Gray, D. Griffin, C. Higgins, M. Hladik, L. Iwanowicz, C. Journey, K. Kuivila, J. Masoner, C. McDonough, M. Meyer, J. Orlando, M. Strynar, C. Weis, and V. Wilson. Reconnaissance of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Private and Public Supply Tapwaters at Selected Residential and Workplace Sites in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 13972-13985, (2018).

Tapwater samples from residential and commercial sites were sampled in Puerto Rico in August 2018 in a pilot study. All samples were screened using estrogen, androgen and glucocorticoid in vitro bioassay screening tools to test for biological activity. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Bradley, P., I. Padilla, K. Romanok, K. Smalling, M. Focazio, S. Breitmeyer, M. Cardon, J. Conley, N. Evans, C. Givens, J. Gray, L. Gray, P. Hartig, C. Higgins, M. Hladik, L. Iwanowicz, R. Lane, K. Loftin, R.B. McCleskey, C. McDonough, E. Medlock Kakaley, S. Meppelink, and C. Weis. Pilot-scale expanded assessment of inorganic and organic tapwater exposures and predicted effects in Puerto Rico, USA. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 788(147721): 1, (2021).

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality results, physical-parameter measurements, hydrologic measurements, and site information collected to study the nature and extent of water quality along groundwater flow paths adjacent to glacial-kettle lakes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Water-quality samples were collected in 2003, 2005, and 2012 through 2018 in and near seven kettle lakes located on western Cape Cod, with most of the data collected in 2015-2017 from Ashumet Pond, which is located in the towns of Falmouth and Mashpee. Data were also collected at other lakes to compare the lake-specific influences of geochemistry and hydrology on the downgradient groundwater systems. Samples were collected over the course of multi-day and multi-month sampling events to capture the influence of annual and diel changes in the lakes. Water-quality results are presented for groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and multilevel samplers (MLS) located downgradient from the lakes; shallow groundwater samples from beneath the lake bottoms (also referred to herein as porewater samples) collected near shore by using microwells, also known as pushpoints (manufactured by M.H.E. Products1), installed 5-100 centimeters below the lake-bottom surface into known groundwater upwelling and lake-water downwelling zones near the lake shore; grab samples of lake water collected in conjunction with the near-shore groundwater samples; and profiles of the lake water column collected in deeper parts of the lake basins. The data include field water-quality measurements of specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and alkalinity (incremental field titration method) using single-parameter field probes as well as multiprobe sondes; concentrations of samples collected for selected organic and inorganic solutes, including major cations and anions, minor elements, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved inorganic carbon; concentrations of dissolved gases, including nitrous oxide and methane, absorbance of ultraviolet/visible light; stable isotopic ratios of carbon (delta 13C, d13C) measured in dissolved inorganic carbon; isotope ratios of oxygen (d18O) and hydrogen (d2H) measured in water; isotope ratios of oxygen (d18O) and nitrogen (d15N) measured in nitrate plus nitrite; and isotope ratios of oxygen (d18O) measured in dissolved oxygen gas. The data release also includes results from analyses of sediment-core material collected from the sediment surface to 30 centimeters below the lake bottom, and analyses of aquatic vegetation and biofilms on pebble surfaces in Ashumet Pond. The sediment-core results include total carbon and nitrogen content of dried organic material scraped from the pebbles, d13C and d15N of carbon and nitrogen of the organic matter, extractions of ammonium, and carbon dioxide and oxygen measurements used to estimate potential respiration rates from incubation experiments. The data are compiled into ten Excel (.xlsx) tables: (1) A summary of all the sampling event names and dates (Summary Sampling Events.xlsx), (2) sample information, field measurements, and results from laboratory water-quality analyses for environmental samples collected from monitoring wells, MLSs, lake-basin profiles, and near-shore pushpoints (Water Quality Samples.xlsx), (3) results from selected water-quality analytes for laboratory duplicates, laboratory blanks, and equipment rinseate samples (QAQC Samples.xlsx), (4) distance from shore and lake-stage measurements for Ashumet Pond pushpoint site ASHPD-GWOUT-R-N at select times used in a regression equation to estimate distance to shore, and measured distances between pushpoint, MLS, and well locations relative to site ASHPD-GWOUT-R-N (Distance Calculations.xlsx), (5) approximate water-level altitudes at monitoring well and MLS sites calculated from water-level measurements made at

Groundwater, surface-water, and associated quality assurance samples were collected downgradient of an abandoned fire training area and wastewater infiltration beds on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts and analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from 2014-2019. Water-quality properties measured at the time of sample collection include pH, specific conductance, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Samples were also analyzed for other chemical constituents including major and selected minor inorganic constituents, nutrients, and UV absorbance. Although selected results have been previously published in several data releases, this data release includes the entire suite of field and chemical constituents. PFAS data tables are derived from multiple data sources: Barber and others, 2017; Ruyle and others, 2021; and Tokranov and others, 2021. Other field and chemical data were derived from those sources as well as from Hull and others, 2021 and Repert and others, 2023. PFAS data from different sources were converted to a uniform format. See related external resources for listed citations.

Staff from the Cape Cod National Seashore, National Park Service (CACO NPS) began limited water-quality data collection in the Herring River Estuary as early as 1984. In 2006 a monthly sampling program was established for 14 sites to monitor nutrient concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and other constituents. This monitoring program is ongoing and has been supplemented with data from other CACO NPS projects and cooperative monitoring with the U.S. Geological Survey. With the anticipated restoration of the estuary, which has been diked off from the ocean for over 100 years, these data are critical in supporting the characterization of pre-restoration water quality. The data collected in the estuary from 1984-2017 have not been published and disseminated in one place to date. This data release is intended to address this issue and create a framework in which future data can be published. In preparation for publication, the data were compiled from several CACO NPS internal sources and were reviewed using very preliminary quality checks. The related USGS water-quality data are available in the National Water Information System (NWIS).

Files are an overview of all data acquired in the study examining source and treated drinking water. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Glassmeyer , S., E. Furlong, D. Kolpin, A. Batt , B. Benson , S. Boone , O. Conerly , M. Donohue , D. King , M. Kostich , H. Mash , S. Pfaller , K. Schenck , J.E. Simmons , E. Varughese , S. Vesper , E. Villegas , and V. Wilson. Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 581582: 909-922, (2017).

Files are an overview of all data acquired in the study examining source and treated drinking water. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Glassmeyer , S., E. Furlong, D. Kolpin, A. Batt , B. Benson , S. Boone , O. Conerly , M. Donohue , D. King , M. Kostich , H. Mash , S. Pfaller , K. Schenck , J.E. Simmons , E. Varughese , S. Vesper , E. Villegas , and V. Wilson. Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 581582: 909-922, (2017).

Groundwater, surface water, and associated quality assurance samples were collected downgradient of an abandoned fire training area and wastewater infiltration beds on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts and analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from 2014-2019. Water-quality properties measured at the time of sample collection include pH, specific conductance, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Samples were also analyzed for other chemical constituents including major and selected minor inorganic constituents, nutrients, and UV absorbance. Although selected results have been previously published in several data releases, this data release includes the entire suite of field and chemical constituents. PFAS concentration data tables were derived from multiple data sources: Barber and others, 2017; Ruyle and others, 2021; and Tokranov and others, 2021a and 2021b. Other field and chemical data were derived from those sources as well as from Hull and others, 2021 and Repert and others, 2023. PFAS data from different sources were converted to a uniform format. See Related External Resources for listed citations.