A previously developed numerical groundwater flow model of the eastern Great Basin was used to investigate where potential drawdown and capture of natural discharge is likely to result from potential groundwater withdrawals from existing and applied for groundwater rights in Snake Valley, Utah and Nevada. SIR 2014-5213 (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145213), SIR 2017–5011 (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175011), and SIR 2017-5072 (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175072) document the construction and calibration of the previous versions of this model. The eastern Great Basin model consists of a parent model and a child model. The parent model covers the focus study area and was used for the simulations presented in this data release, and documented in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File report 2019-1083 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191083). To investigate the potential effects of existing groundwater-right withdrawals and applications in Snake Valley, eleven withdrawal scenarios (scenarios A–G) were simulated. All scenarios were run as steady state to determine the ultimate long-term effects of the simulated withdrawals. Because only the parent model was used, the parent model was converted to run with MODFLOW-2005. Modifications were made to several of the the MODFLOW and ZONEBUDGET input packages and files including the MODFLOW-2005 Name File, the MODFLOW-2005 Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow Package, the MODFLOW-2005 Well Package, the MODLFOW-2005 Head Observation Package, the ZONEBUDGET Zone File, and the ZONEBUDGET Main Input File. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191083).

A previously developed three-dimensional steady-state numerical groundwater-flow model was modified to transient conditions with respect to well withdrawals, and used to simulate drawdown and capture of natural discharge from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals in Snake Valley and adjacent areas in western Utah and eastern Nevada. The original steady-state model simulates and was calibrated to 2009 conditions and was used as the first stress period in this transient model. Six transient stress periods, spanning 2010-2114, were added to the model to assess timing of the potential withdrawal effects. A seventh steady-state stress period was also added to determine the ultimate long-term effects of the well withdrawals. To investigate the potential effects of existing and proposed future groundwater withdrawals, 10 withdrawal scenarios were run. All scenarios were run at 5, 10, 15, 30, 55, and 105 years from the start of 2010; additionally, all scenarios were run to a new steady state to determine the ultimate long-term effects of the withdrawals. Capture maps run to the new steady state were also constructed as part of this analysis. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171026).

A previously developed three-dimensional steady-state numerical groundwater-flow model was modified to transient conditions with respect to well withdrawals, and used to simulate drawdown and capture of natural discharge from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals in Snake Valley and adjacent areas in western Utah and eastern Nevada. The original steady-state model simulates and was calibrated to 2009 conditions and was used as the first stress period in this transient model. Six transient stress periods, spanning 2010-2114, were added to the model to assess timing of the potential withdrawal effects. A seventh steady-state stress period was also added to determine the ultimate long-term effects of the well withdrawals. To investigate the potential effects of existing and proposed future groundwater withdrawals, 10 withdrawal scenarios were run. All scenarios were run at 5, 10, 15, 30, 55, and 105 years from the start of 2010; additionally, all scenarios were run to a new steady state to determine the ultimate long-term effects of the withdrawals. Capture maps run to the new steady state were also constructed as part of this analysis. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171026).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB), constructed a finite-difference numerical groundwater-flow model of the Washita River aquifer by using MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005) with the Newton formulation solver (MODFLOW-NWT). The 1973 Oklahoma Groundwater Law requires that the OWRB conduct hydrologic investigations of the State’s aquifers to determine the maximum annual yield (MAY) for each groundwater basin. The MAY is defined as the total amount of fresh groundwater that can be annually withdrawn while allowing a minimum 20-year life of that groundwater basin. For alluvium and terrace groundwater basins, the life requirement is satisfied if, after 20 years of MAY withdrawals, 50 percent of the groundwater basin (hereinafter referred to as an “aquifer”) retains a saturated thickness of at least 5 ft. Once a MAY has been established, the amount of land owned or leased by a groundwater-use permit applicant determines the annual volume of water allocated to that groundwater-use permit applicant. The annual volume of groundwater allocated per acre of land is known as the equal-proportionate-share (EPS) pumping rate. The OWRB issued a final order on November 13, 1990, that established the MAY (81,840 and 46,935 acre-feet per year [acre-ft/yr]) and EPS pumping rate (1.5 and 1.0 acre-foot per acre per year) for reaches 3 and 4, respectively, of the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma. Because more than 20 years have elapsed since the final order was issued, the USGS, in cooperation with the OWRB, conducted an updated hydrologic investigation and evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma. Reach 3 extends from near Anadarko, Okla., to Alex, Okla., and reach 4 extends from near Alex to south of Davis, Okla. Twenty-four simulations are included in this data release: a simulation for the calibrated numerical groundwater-flow model, 18 scenario simulations to evaluate the EPS pumping rate, 4 scenario simulations to evaluate groundwater storage over a 50-year period, and 1 scenario simulation to evaluate effects of a hypothetical drought. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235072).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB), constructed a finite-difference numerical groundwater-flow model of the Washita River aquifer by using MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005) with the Newton formulation solver (MODFLOW-NWT). The 1973 Oklahoma Groundwater Law requires that the OWRB conduct hydrologic investigations of the State’s aquifers to determine the maximum annual yield (MAY) for each groundwater basin. The MAY is defined as the total amount of fresh groundwater that can be annually withdrawn while allowing a minimum 20-year life of that groundwater basin. For alluvium and terrace groundwater basins, the life requirement is satisfied if, after 20 years of MAY withdrawals, 50 percent of the groundwater basin (hereinafter referred to as an “aquifer”) retains a saturated thickness of at least 5 ft. Once a MAY has been established, the amount of land owned or leased by a groundwater-use permit applicant determines the annual volume of water allocated to that groundwater-use permit applicant. The annual volume of groundwater allocated per acre of land is known as the equal-proportionate-share (EPS) pumping rate. The OWRB issued a final order on November 13, 1990, that established the MAY (81,840 and 46,935 acre-feet per year [acre-ft/yr]) and EPS pumping rate (1.5 and 1.0 acre-foot per acre per year) for reaches 3 and 4, respectively, of the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma. Because more than 20 years have elapsed since the final order was issued, the USGS, in cooperation with the OWRB, conducted an updated hydrologic investigation and evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma. Reach 3 extends from near Anadarko, Okla., to Alex, Okla., and reach 4 extends from near Alex to south of Davis, Okla. Twenty-four simulations are included in this data release: a simulation for the calibrated numerical groundwater-flow model, 18 scenario simulations to evaluate the EPS pumping rate, 4 scenario simulations to evaluate groundwater storage over a 50-year period, and 1 scenario simulation to evaluate effects of a hypothetical drought. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235072).

In 2018 The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, published a calibrated numerical groundwater- flow model and associated model documentation report that evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in the Rush Springs aquifer in western Oklahoma. The results of groundwater-availability scenarios run on the calibrated numerical groundwater-flow model could be used by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board to evaluate the maximum annual yield of groundwater from the Rush Springs aquifer in Oklahoma. A conceptual groundwater-flow model is a simplified description of the major inflow and outflow sources (hydrologic boundaries) of a groundwater-flow system as well as an accounting of the estimated mean flows from those sources (water budget) for a specified period of time. The conceptual model was necessary to provide constraints used in the construction and calibration of a scientifically defensible numerical groundwater-flow model that reasonably represents the groundwater-flow system. A finite-difference numerical groundwater-flow model of the Rush Springs aquifer was constructed by using MODFLOW-2005 with the Newton formulation solver (MODFLOW-NWT). Data inputs for each package were specified in machine-readable text files. The numerical model of the Rush Springs aquifer had 1,362 rows, 1,083 columns, about 554,000 active cells of 500 by 500 ft, and 3 convertible layers. The top layer (layer 1) represented the Permian-age Cloud Chief Formation. The Rush Springs aquifer is composed of Permian-age Whitehorse Group. The second layer (layer 2) represented the undifferentiated Quaternary-age alluvium and terrace deposits, as well as the upper 30 ft of the Whitehorse Group. The bottom layer (layer 3) represented the remainder of the Rush Springs Formation. The model active area was modified from Neel and others (2018). The numerical model was temporally discretized into 444 monthly transient stress periods representing the period 1979-2015. An initial steady-state stress period, in which the groundwater-flow equation had no storage component, represented mean annual inflows to and outflows from the aquifer and produced a solution that was used as the initial condition for subsequent transient stress periods. The numerical model was constructed in units of meters and days. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185136)

In 2018 The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, published a calibrated numerical groundwater- flow model and associated model documentation report that evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in the Rush Springs aquifer in western Oklahoma. The results of groundwater-availability scenarios run on the calibrated numerical groundwater-flow model could be used by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board to evaluate the maximum annual yield of groundwater from the Rush Springs aquifer in Oklahoma. A conceptual groundwater-flow model is a simplified description of the major inflow and outflow sources (hydrologic boundaries) of a groundwater-flow system as well as an accounting of the estimated mean flows from those sources (water budget) for a specified period of time. The conceptual model was necessary to provide constraints used in the construction and calibration of a scientifically defensible numerical groundwater-flow model that reasonably represents the groundwater-flow system. A finite-difference numerical groundwater-flow model of the Rush Springs aquifer was constructed by using MODFLOW-2005 with the Newton formulation solver (MODFLOW-NWT). Data inputs for each package were specified in machine-readable text files. The numerical model of the Rush Springs aquifer had 1,362 rows, 1,083 columns, about 554,000 active cells of 500 by 500 ft, and 3 convertible layers. The top layer (layer 1) represented the Permian-age Cloud Chief Formation. The Rush Springs aquifer is composed of Permian-age Whitehorse Group. The second layer (layer 2) represented the undifferentiated Quaternary-age alluvium and terrace deposits, as well as the upper 30 ft of the Whitehorse Group. The bottom layer (layer 3) represented the remainder of the Rush Springs Formation. The model active area was modified from Neel and others (2018). The numerical model was temporally discretized into 444 monthly transient stress periods representing the period 1979-2015. An initial steady-state stress period, in which the groundwater-flow equation had no storage component, represented mean annual inflows to and outflows from the aquifer and produced a solution that was used as the initial condition for subsequent transient stress periods. The numerical model was constructed in units of meters and days. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185136)

This data release documents a modified version of the Death Valley version 3 steady-state (DV3-SS) model described in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1863 (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1863). The DV3-SS model was modified by conversion into a superposition model with initial heads of 0 ft (0 m). Simulated water-level changes are relative to modern, predevelopment (pre-1950) conditions, where modern levels have a reference datum of 0 ft (0 m). The modified DV3-SS model is a three-dimensional, groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) that was used to estimate paleo-recharge in the Ash Meadows groundwater basin, southwest Nevada, using the Devils Hole (cave 2) water-table record that spans the last 350,000 years. Two steady-state (paleo-recharge) scenarios were developed. Scenario 1 simulates paleo-recharge during peak glaciation when the Devils Hole water-table elevation was +31.2 ft (+9.5 m) above the modern level. Scenario 2 simulates the peak interglacial when the Devils Hole water-table elevation was below the modern level but above -5.25 ft (-1.6 m). Two transient (future recharge) scenarios were developed by running the modified DV3-SS model as a transient model. Transient scenarios 1 and 2 simulate 10 and 20 percent decreases in modern recharge, respectively. Transient scenarios are used to estimate future water-level declines in Devils Hole and the time period for equilibration to changes in future recharge. Input and output files for the paleo-recharge and future scenarios are in the model and output directories, respectively. The modified DV3-SS model and transient model used the calibrated hydraulic properties and recharge distribution from the original DV3-SS model (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1863). The ancillary directory includes (1) 151 MODFLOW-2005 recharge files used to simulate 151 paleo-recharge scenarios (Appendix A); (2) batch files, executables, and post-processing utilities to sequentially run the 151 paleo-recharge scenarios and process results (Appendix B); and (3) a transient version of the modified DV3-SS model to determine the timescale for equilibration to steady-state conditions assuming modern recharge is reduced by 10 or 20 percent (Appendix C).

This data release documents a modified version of the Death Valley version 3 steady-state (DV3-SS) model described in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1863 (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1863). The DV3-SS model was modified by conversion into a superposition model with initial heads of 0 ft (0 m). Simulated water-level changes are relative to modern, predevelopment (pre-1950) conditions, where modern levels have a reference datum of 0 ft (0 m). The modified DV3-SS model is a three-dimensional, groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) that was used to estimate paleo-recharge in the Ash Meadows groundwater basin, southwest Nevada, using the Devils Hole (cave 2) water-table record that spans the last 350,000 years. Two steady-state (paleo-recharge) scenarios were developed. Scenario 1 simulates paleo-recharge during peak glaciation when the Devils Hole water-table elevation was +31.2 ft (+9.5 m) above the modern level. Scenario 2 simulates the peak interglacial when the Devils Hole water-table elevation was below the modern level but above -5.25 ft (-1.6 m). Two transient (future recharge) scenarios were developed by running the modified DV3-SS model as a transient model. Transient scenarios 1 and 2 simulate 10 and 20 percent decreases in modern recharge, respectively. Transient scenarios are used to estimate future water-level declines in Devils Hole and the time period for equilibration to changes in future recharge. Input and output files for the paleo-recharge and future scenarios are in the model and output directories, respectively. The modified DV3-SS model and transient model used the calibrated hydraulic properties and recharge distribution from the original DV3-SS model (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1863). The ancillary directory includes (1) 151 MODFLOW-2005 recharge files used to simulate 151 paleo-recharge scenarios (Appendix A); (2) batch files, executables, and post-processing utilities to sequentially run the 151 paleo-recharge scenarios and process results (Appendix B); and (3) a transient version of the modified DV3-SS model to determine the timescale for equilibration to steady-state conditions assuming modern recharge is reduced by 10 or 20 percent (Appendix C).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB), constructed a finite-difference numerical groundwater-flow model of the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers in northeastern Oklahoma by using MODFLOW-NWT (version 1.1.4) with the Newton formulation solver to simulate groundwater flow and account for the drying and rewetting of cells within the groundwater-flow model. The numerical groundwater-flow model was discretized into four layers consisting of 354 rows by 261 columns with a 2,000-feet by 2,000-feet cell size. The model layers were used to simulate the Western Interior Plains confining system, the Boone aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, and the Roubidoux aquifer. The model was temporally discretized into one steady-state stress period followed by 456 monthly transient stress periods spanning from January 1980 to December 2017. The steady-state stress period typically consisted of mean annual inputs from January 1980 to December 2017, but inputs from 1979 were included for some of the simulations.