TDS, TSS, and Flow data used for developing and testing relationships in the Clear Creek Watershed, Colorado. Data for development of relationships was collected by Barbara Butler while at the Colorado School of Mines. Data for testing relationships was obtained from Tim Steele of TDS Consulting in Colorado as provided by the Upper Clear Creek Watershed Association. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Butler, B., and R. Ford. Evaluating Relationships Between Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in a Mining-Influenced Watershed. Bob Kleinmann Mine Water and the Environment. Springer-Verlag, BERLIN-HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 37(1): 18-30, (2018).

Total dissolved solids (TDS) in surface waters affect water quality and useability and are of particular concern in the Colorado River Basin. Estimates of current and past TDS concentration and flux in rivers support appropriate management and salinity control measures. In this study we estimated the total dissolved solid concentration and flux at 11 sites on tributaries of the Colorado River, starting as early as 1938 until 2021. Of these sites, eight were not affected by dams. For these we estimated daily and water year flow normalized TDS concentration and flux using the Weighted Regressions on Time Discharge and Season (WRTDS) water quality modeling framework. For the three sites situated below dams, we used flow-weighted concentrations to estimate water year mean TDS concentrations. Along with these estimates, we include information about the timing of construction, and capacity of dams in the Lower Colorado River Basin.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) in surface waters affect water quality and useability and are of particular concern in the Colorado River Basin. Estimates of current and past TDS concentration and flux in rivers support appropriate management and salinity control measures. In this study we estimated the total dissolved solid concentration and flux at 11 sites on tributaries of the Colorado River, starting as early as 1938 until 2021. Of these sites, eight were not affected by dams. For these we estimated daily and water year flow normalized TDS concentration and flux using the Weighted Regressions on Time Discharge and Season (WRTDS) water quality modeling framework. For the three sites situated below dams, we used flow-weighted concentrations to estimate water year mean TDS concentrations. Along with these estimates, we include information about the timing of construction, and capacity of dams in the Lower Colorado River Basin.

This data release contains six different datasets that were used in the report SIR 2018-5108. These datasets contain discharge data, discrete dissolved-solids data, quality-control discrete dissolved data, and computed mean dissolved solids data that were collected at various locations between the Hoover Dam and the Imperial Dam. Study Sites: Site 1: Colorado River below Hoover Dam Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker Site 3: Colorado River below Parker Dam Site 4: CRIR Main Canal Site 5: Palo Verde Canal Site 6: Colorado River at Palo Verde Dam Site 7: CRIR Lower Main Drain Site 8: CRIR Upper Levee Drain Site 9: PVID Outfall Drain Site 10: Colorado River above Imperial Dam Discrete Dissolved-solids Dataset and Replicate Samples for Discrete Dissolved-solids Dataset: The Bureau of Reclamation collected discrete water-quality samples for the parameter of dissolved-solids (sum of constituents). Dissolved-solids, measured in milligrams per liter, are the sum of the following constituents: bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, nitrate, potassium, silicon dioxide, sodium, and sulfate. These samples were collected on a monthly to bimonthly basis at various time periods between 1990 and 2016 at Sites 1-5 and Sites 7-10. No data were collected for Site 6: Colorado River at Palo Verde Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation and the USGS collected discrete quality-control replicate samples for the parameter of dissolved-solids, sum of constituents measured in milligrams per liter. The USGS collected discrete quality-control replicate samples in 2002 and 2003 and the Bureau of Reclamation collected discrete quality-control replicate samples in 2016 and 2017. Listed below are the sites where these samples were collected at and which agency collected the samples. Site 3: Colorado River below Parker Dam: USGS and Reclamation Site 4: CRIR Main Canal: Reclamation Site 5: Palo Verde Canal: Reclamation Site 7: CRIR Lower Main Drain: Reclamation Site 8: CRIR Upper Levee Drain: Reclamation Site 9: PVID Outfall Drain: Reclamation Site 10: Colorado River above Imperial Dam: USGS and Reclamation Monthly Mean Datasets and Mean Monthly Datasets: Monthly mean discharge data (cfs), flow weighted monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations (mg/L) data and monthly mean dissolved-solids load data from 1990 to 2016 were computed using raw data from the USGS and the Bureau of Reclamation. This data were computed for all 10 sites. Flow weighted monthly mean dissolved-solids concentration and monthly mean dissolved-solids load were not computed for Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker. The monthly mean datasets that were calculated for each month for the period between 1990 and 2016 were used to compute the mean monthly discharge and the mean monthly dissolved-solids load for each of the 12 months within a year. Each monthly mean was weighted by how many days were in the month and then averaged for each of the twelve months. This was computed for all 10 sites except mean monthly dissolved-solids load were not computed at Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker. Site 8a: Colorado River between Parker and Palo Verde Valleys was computed by summing the data from sites 6, 7 and 8. Bill Williams Daily Mean Discharge, Instantaneous Dissolved-solids Concentration, and Daily Means Dissolved-solids Load Dataset: Daily mean discharge (cfs), instantaneous solids concentration (mg/L), and daily mean dissolved solids load were calculated using raw data collected by the USGS and the Bureau of Reclamation. This data were calculated for Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker for the period of January 1990 to February 2016. Palo Verde Irrigation District Outfall Drain Mean Daily Discharge Dataset: The Bureau of Reclamation collected mean daily discharge data for the period of 01/01/2005 to 09/30/2016 at the Palo Verde Irrigation District (PVID) outfall drain using a stage-discharge relationship.

This data release contains six different datasets that were used in the report SIR 2018-5108. These datasets contain discharge data, discrete dissolved-solids data, quality-control discrete dissolved data, and computed mean dissolved solids data that were collected at various locations between the Hoover Dam and the Imperial Dam. Study Sites: Site 1: Colorado River below Hoover Dam Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker Site 3: Colorado River below Parker Dam Site 4: CRIR Main Canal Site 5: Palo Verde Canal Site 6: Colorado River at Palo Verde Dam Site 7: CRIR Lower Main Drain Site 8: CRIR Upper Levee Drain Site 9: PVID Outfall Drain Site 10: Colorado River above Imperial Dam Discrete Dissolved-solids Dataset and Replicate Samples for Discrete Dissolved-solids Dataset: The Bureau of Reclamation collected discrete water-quality samples for the parameter of dissolved-solids (sum of constituents). Dissolved-solids, measured in milligrams per liter, are the sum of the following constituents: bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, nitrate, potassium, silicon dioxide, sodium, and sulfate. These samples were collected on a monthly to bimonthly basis at various time periods between 1990 and 2016 at Sites 1-5 and Sites 7-10. No data were collected for Site 6: Colorado River at Palo Verde Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation and the USGS collected discrete quality-control replicate samples for the parameter of dissolved-solids, sum of constituents measured in milligrams per liter. The USGS collected discrete quality-control replicate samples in 2002 and 2003 and the Bureau of Reclamation collected discrete quality-control replicate samples in 2016 and 2017. Listed below are the sites where these samples were collected at and which agency collected the samples. Site 3: Colorado River below Parker Dam: USGS and Reclamation Site 4: CRIR Main Canal: Reclamation Site 5: Palo Verde Canal: Reclamation Site 7: CRIR Lower Main Drain: Reclamation Site 8: CRIR Upper Levee Drain: Reclamation Site 9: PVID Outfall Drain: Reclamation Site 10: Colorado River above Imperial Dam: USGS and Reclamation Monthly Mean Datasets and Mean Monthly Datasets: Monthly mean discharge data (cfs), flow weighted monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations (mg/L) data and monthly mean dissolved-solids load data from 1990 to 2016 were computed using raw data from the USGS and the Bureau of Reclamation. This data were computed for all 10 sites. Flow weighted monthly mean dissolved-solids concentration and monthly mean dissolved-solids load were not computed for Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker. The monthly mean datasets that were calculated for each month for the period between 1990 and 2016 were used to compute the mean monthly discharge and the mean monthly dissolved-solids load for each of the 12 months within a year. Each monthly mean was weighted by how many days were in the month and then averaged for each of the twelve months. This was computed for all 10 sites except mean monthly dissolved-solids load were not computed at Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker. Site 8a: Colorado River between Parker and Palo Verde Valleys was computed by summing the data from sites 6, 7 and 8. Bill Williams Daily Mean Discharge, Instantaneous Dissolved-solids Concentration, and Daily Means Dissolved-solids Load Dataset: Daily mean discharge (cfs), instantaneous solids concentration (mg/L), and daily mean dissolved solids load were calculated using raw data collected by the USGS and the Bureau of Reclamation. This data were calculated for Site 2: Bill Williams River near Parker for the period of January 1990 to February 2016. Palo Verde Irrigation District Outfall Drain Mean Daily Discharge Dataset: The Bureau of Reclamation collected mean daily discharge data for the period of 01/01/2005 to 09/30/2016 at the Palo Verde Irrigation District (PVID) outfall drain using a stage-discharge relationship.

Data used to evaluate potential downstream impacts of the NorthMet Mine, by USEPA Office of Research and Development is providing, for USEPA Region 5’s use, including a characterization of stream specific conductivity (SC) levels, least disturbed background SC, and SC levels that may exceed the Fond du Lac Band’s WQ standards and adversely affect aquatic life, including brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), and benthic macroinvertebrates. Keywords: Conductivity, St. Louis River, benthic invertebrates; mining The attached Excel Pedigree includes: _Datasets: Data file uploaded to EPA Science Hub and/or Environmental Data Set Gateway _R : Clean R scripts used to generate document figures and tables _Tables_Figures: Files generated from R script and used in the Region 5 memo 20220325 R Code and Data: All additional files used for this project, including original files, intermediate files, extra output files, and extra functions. The "_R" folder contains four subfolders. Each subfolder has several R scripts, input and output files, and an R project file. Users can run R scripts directly from each subfolder by installing R, RStudio, and associated R packages. Data Dictionary: See tab DataDictionary in Excel file Datasets: Simplified language is used in the text to identify parent data sets. Source and File names are retained in this pedigree in original form to enable R-scripts to retain functionality. • Thingvold et al. (1975-1977) • Griffith (1998-2009) • Predicted background (2000-2015) • Water Quality Portal (1996-2021) • Water Quality Portal Less Disturbed (1996-2021) • Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) (1996-2013) • Mid-Atlantic Highlands (1990 to 2014). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Cormier, S., and Y. Wang. Appendix C: ORD Specific Conductance Memo, from Susan Cormier to Tera Fong. March 15, 2022. Assessment of effects of increased ion concentrations in the St. Louis River Watershed with special attention to potential mining influence and the jurisdiction of the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 2022.

Canadian discrete water quality data and daily streamflow records were evaluated using the Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Seasons (WRTDS) model implemented with the EGRET R package (Hirsch et al. 2010, Hirsch and De Cicco 2015). Models were used to estimate loads of solutes and evaluate trends for three constituents of interest (selenium, nitrogen, and sulfate). Six models were generated; one model for each of the three constituents of interest, in each of the two major tributaries to Lake Koocanusa: the Kootenay River at Fenwick (BC08NG0009), and the Elk River above Highway 93 Near Elko (BC08NK0003). Data were obtained by downloading data from the British Columbia Water Tool (https://kwt.bcwatertool.ca/surface-water-quality, https://kwt.bcwatertool.ca/streamflow) and Environment Climate Change Canada (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/c2adcb27-6d7e-4e97-b546-b8ee3d586aa4/resource/7bb8d1ff-f446-494f-8f3d-ad252162eef5?inner_span=True). This data release consists of two input data files and one output file from the EGRET model estimation (eList) which contains the WRTDS model, for each site and constituent. The input datasets include a daily discharge data file and a measured concentration data file. The period for the water quality data varies among the constituents and sites. Likewise, the output file time period aligns with the input files and varies among the 6 models. Nitrate in the Elk River at Highway 93 has the longest period of record from 1979 to 2022. Water quality sampling at the Fenwick station was discontinued in 2019, so all models for the Kootenay end after 2019. This data release also contains mass removal data provided by Teck Coal Limited, which were incorporated into a sub-analysis that used the WRTDS selenium model for the Elk River. This child item contains only the water quality files. The WRTDS model was run at a daily time step. Model performance evaluations, including a visual assessment of model fit and residuals and bias correction factors were completed. Model output for each parameter at each site (6 total) is published here in an eLists (.rds file). The format of each eList is standardized per EGRET processing. See Hirsch and De Cicco (2015) for description of these files. WRTDS_Kalman estimates can also be evaluated by running additional functions with the published eLists published. To prevent redundancy they were excluded from this output. For the Kalman models nitrate specified a rho of 0.95 while the other models used the default (0.9). Citations: Hirsch, R.M., and De Cicco, L.A., 2015, User guide to Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends (EGRET) and dataRetrieval—R packages for hydrologic data (version 2.0, February 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods book 4, chap. A10, 93 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm4A10. Hirsch, R.M., Moyer, D.L., and Archfield, S.A., 2010, Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), With an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs: Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA), v. 46, no. 5, 857-880 p., DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00482.x.

Canadian discrete water quality data and daily streamflow records were evaluated using the Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Seasons (WRTDS) model implemented with the EGRET R package (Hirsch et al. 2010, Hirsch and De Cicco 2015). Models were used to estimate loads of solutes and evaluate trends for three constituents of interest (selenium, nitrogen, and sulfate). Six models were generated; one model for each of the three constituents of interest, in each of the two major tributaries to Lake Koocanusa: the Kootenay River at Fenwick (BC08NG0009), and the Elk River above Highway 93 Near Elko (BC08NK0003). Data were obtained by downloading data from the British Columbia Water Tool (https://kwt.bcwatertool.ca/surface-water-quality, https://kwt.bcwatertool.ca/streamflow) and Environment Climate Change Canada (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/c2adcb27-6d7e-4e97-b546-b8ee3d586aa4/resource/7bb8d1ff-f446-494f-8f3d-ad252162eef5?inner_span=True). This data release consists of two input data files and one output file from the EGRET model estimation (eList) which contains the WRTDS model, for each site and constituent. The input datasets include a daily discharge data file and a measured concentration data file. The period for the water quality data varies among the constituents and sites. Likewise, the output file time period aligns with the input files and varies among the 6 models. Nitrate in the Elk River at Highway 93 has the longest period of record from 1979 to 2022. Water quality sampling at the Fenwick station was discontinued in 2019, so all models for the Kootenay end after 2019. This data release also contains mass removal data provided by Teck Coal Limited, which were incorporated into a sub-analysis that used the WRTDS selenium model for the Elk River. This child item contains only the water quality files. The WRTDS model was run at a daily time step. Model performance evaluations, including a visual assessment of model fit and residuals and bias correction factors were completed. Model output for each parameter at each site (6 total) is published here in an eLists (.rds file). The format of each eList is standardized per EGRET processing. See Hirsch and De Cicco (2015) for description of these files. WRTDS_Kalman estimates can also be evaluated by running additional functions with the published eLists published. To prevent redundancy they were excluded from this output. For the Kalman models nitrate specified a rho of 0.95 while the other models used the default (0.9). Citations: Hirsch, R.M., and De Cicco, L.A., 2015, User guide to Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends (EGRET) and dataRetrieval—R packages for hydrologic data (version 2.0, February 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods book 4, chap. A10, 93 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm4A10. Hirsch, R.M., Moyer, D.L., and Archfield, S.A., 2010, Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), With an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs: Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA), v. 46, no. 5, 857-880 p., DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00482.x.

Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge and Season (WRTDS) models were developed for total and dissolved cadmium, lead and zinc; total phosphorus and nitrogen; and dissolved orthophosphate at twelve sites in the Spokane River watershed for water years 1990 to 2018. Bootstrapped model replicates were run to determine the statistical likelihoods of trends in flow-normalized concentrations and loads over the period of record and water years 2009-2018 for each constituent at each site. The data table contains the change in concentrations and loads and the numeric and descriptive statistical likelihoods associated with the trends over the two time periods for each constituent and site.

This file (wymt_ffa_2019Teton_WATSTORE.txt) contains peak flow data for peak-flow frequency analyses for selected streamgages in and near Teton County, Montana, based on data through water year 2019. The file is in a text format called WATSTORE (National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System) available from NWISWeb (http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/peak).