A 3D petroleum systems model requires that the temperature at the sediment surface be defined at each geological time step. Generally, surface temperature can be modeled from paleo-elevation or paleo-water depth history, as well as the paleo-latitude of the basin and global climate patterns through time. The PetroMod software, from which the 3D petroleum systems model was generated, uses the Sediment-Water Interface Temperature (SWIT) tool to help define these boundary conditions. In most time steps, the model assumes that paleo-water depth/elevation was flat and uniform across the basin. In these time steps, surface temperatures in the model do not vary across the basin and are determined by the paleo-latitude (taken at the center of the basin) and the global mean temperatures at sea level. In ten other time steps, however, the model considers variations in paleo-water depth. These ten cases are defined in ASCII grids that show variations in surface temperature, measured in degrees Fahrenheit, in response to paleo-water depth, paleo-latitude, and mean global temperature at the given time step. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

The subsurface temperature grids are results/outputs from the 3D petroleum systems model. They represent modern subsurface temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit extracted onto the stratigraphic horizons in the model. The temperature values are calibrated using 24 high-resolution static temperature logs provided by the North Dakota Geological Survey and a large proprietary dataset (>1,000) of drill stem test (DST) and bottom hole temperatures (BHT) from boreholes throughout Montana and North Dakota provided by IHS Markit ® (2022). This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

The subsurface temperature grids are results/outputs from the 3D petroleum systems model. They represent modern subsurface temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit extracted onto the stratigraphic horizons in the model. The temperature values are calibrated using 24 high-resolution static temperature logs provided by the North Dakota Geological Survey and a large proprietary dataset (>1,000) of drill stem test (DST) and bottom hole temperatures (BHT) from boreholes throughout Montana and North Dakota provided by IHS Markit ® (2022). This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

Basal heat flow from the crystalline basement and lithospheric mantle into the sedimentary column is a required boundary condition in the petroleum systems model. The model uses two basal heat flow conditions that are described using two ASCII grids that show map variations in heat flow (mW/m2). The “BHF000_BasalHeatFlow_Calib.asc” grid describes the modern-day basal heat flow calibrated to, and derived from subsurface temperature data, including 24 high-resolution static temperature logs from the North Dakota Geological Survey and a large proprietary dataset (>1,000) of drill stem test (DST) and bottom hole temperatures (BHT) from boreholes throughout Montana and North Dakota provided by IHS Markit ® (2022). This grid is applied in the model from time steps 542 Ma to 97 Ma and again from 43 Ma to 0 Ma. The “BHF050_BasalHeatFlow_Laramide.asc” grid is transformed from the “BHF000_BasalHeatFlow_Calib.asc” grid by -10 mW/m2. The “BHF050_BasalHeatFlow_Laramide.asc” grid is applied from time steps 90 Ma to 50 Ma. The model interpolates time steps between assigned basal flow conditions. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

The thermal maturity grids are results generated from the petroleum systems model for five major source rock intervals, which include, from youngest to oldest, the Tyler, Mission Canyon, upper part of the Bakken, Red River, and Icebox Formations. The units are in equivalent vitrinite reflectance using the Nielsen et al. (2017) Basin%Ro kinetic model. Note: these grids represent the modeled thermal maturity of the source interval horizon and may extend beyond the lithostratigraphic extent of the inferred source rock; they cover the entire petroleum systems model area of interest. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

The model layer facies grids describe geographic variations in lithology mixtures (facies) used in the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin. The grids provide constraints on the physical properties used in the model simulation, including mechanical compaction, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, radiogenic heat, porosity and permeability trends, diagenesis, and capillary entry pressures. The grids were derived from borehole geophysical log signatures from two key model layers: the middle member of the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation and the Upper Ordovician Icebox Formation. All the other model layers used a single lithology mixture and were not represented by gridded facies maps. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

The model layer facies grids describe geographic variations in lithology mixtures (facies) used in the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin. The grids provide constraints on the physical properties used in the model simulation, including mechanical compaction, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, radiogenic heat, porosity and permeability trends, diagenesis, and capillary entry pressures. The grids were derived from borehole geophysical log signatures from two key model layers: the middle member of the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation and the Upper Ordovician Icebox Formation. All the other model layers used a single lithology mixture and were not represented by gridded facies maps. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

This data release contains data associated with the journal article "Modeling the maturation history of the stacked petroleum systems of the Williston Basin, USA". Collectively, the data release includes 13 child items and metadata files that provide detailed descriptions of the attributes, processing steps, and original data sources. There is also a data table, "Williston_Basin_Data_Release_Overview.csv" that describes how all the child items are linked with one another.

Paleo-water depth is an important component of modeling surface temperatures through time. Paleo-water depth values represent the elevation of the sediment-water interface relative to global mean sea level at a particular point in geologic time. In most of the model time steps, paleo-water depth values were treated uniformly (single value) across the modeled area of interest, as a simplifying assumption. Most of the model layers were deposited in marine conditions, where the sediment-water interface was below mean sea level (positive paleo-water depths); however, the ground surface of the Williston Basin is now several thousand feet above sea-level, and the Cenozoic model layers were likely deposited in continental conditions, where the sediment-water interface represents paleo-topography (negative paleo-water depths). The model uses the present-day topography to interpolate paleo-water depth between the present-day topography and the uniform paleo-water depth at the 70 Ma time step in the model. The interpolation was generated at three time steps: 50, 43, and 20 Ma time steps, where each of these interpolations is describe with an ASCII grid of map-varying values of paleo-water depth. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".

These data tables describe the inputs and parameters for the 3D petroleum systems model. This section of data is included for users wishing to rebuild the 3D basin model from scratch, either in PetroMod or another basin modeling software package. All inputs and settings for model construction are included. Settings summaries are provided in a data bundle of comma-separated value (CSV) tables. Also included is the “Williston_Basin_model_inputs_glossary.csv” data table that provides a brief description of all the columns/value fields in the data bundle. This is a child item of a larger data release titled "Data release for the 3D petroleum systems model of the Williston Basin, USA".