A two-phased bench-scale study was conducted to evaluate various sorbents for possible use as chemical stabilizing agents, along with cement solidification, for possible use in an in-situ solidification/stabilization (immobilization) treatment process for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) contaminated soils. The first phase involved sorption experiments for six selected PFAS compounds diluted in a water solution, using five selected sorbents: granular activated carbon (GAC), activated carbon-clay blend, modified clay, biochar, iron (Fe)-amended biochar, and Ottawa sand as a control media. The second phase involved chemical stabilization treatment (via sorption), using the most effective sorbent identified in the first phase, followed by solidification of two soils from PFAS-contaminated sites. Physical solidification was achieved by adding cement as a binding agent. Results from the first phase (sorption experiments) indicated that GAC was slightly more successful than the other sorbents in sorption performance for a 3,000 µg/L solution containing a mixture of the six selected PFAS analytes (500 µg/L concentration each of shorter- and longer-chain alkyl acids), and was the only sorbent used in the second phase of this study. While the GAC, activated carbon-clay blend, and modified clay sorbents showed similar sorption performance for the longer chain analytes tested, both the activated carbon-clay blend and modified clay, exhibited slightly less sorptive capacity than GAC for the shorter-chain alkyl acids. Immobilization effectiveness was evaluated by soil leachability testing using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1312, Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) on the samples collected from two PFAS-contaminated sites. For the majority of the PFAS soil analytes, the addition of GAC sorbent (chemical stabilization) substantially reduced the leachability of PFAS compounds from the contaminated soil samples, and the addition of cement as a physical binding agent (solidification) further decreased leachability for a few of the PFAS compounds. Overall immobilization of PFAS analytes that were detectable in the leachate from two PFAS contaminated soils ranged from 87.1% to 99.9%. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider that the laboratory testing results presented here may have application to further pilot or limited field-scale studies within a broader suite of PFAS-contaminated site treatment options that are currently available for treating PFAS contaminated soils. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Barth, E., J. McKernan, D. Bless, and K. Dasu. Investigation of an immobilization process for PFAS contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 296: 113069, (2021).

In the current study, soils obtained from a collaboration with a fluorotelomer-based polymer manufacturing facility in New Jersey, USA were subjected to both targeted and non-targeted analysis of PFCA precursors. Surface soil samples were screened for twenty-two volatile PFAS precursors using GC-positive chemical ionization (PCI)-MS (targeted) including eight nFTOHs, four secondary FTOHs (sFTOHs), six FT-acrylates (FT-Acrs) and four FT-acetates (Table S1) as well as the concentrations of their terminal transformation products (i.e., PFCAs, n=16) determined by LC-MS/MS. Targeted analysis confirmed the presence of these series, specifically the nFTOHs, and non-targeted analysis highlighted additional known and novel industrial manufacturing by-products likely unintentionally produced during the FT-polymerization process. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Henderson, W., M. Evich, J. Washington, T. Ward, B. Schumacher, J. Zimmerman, Y. Kim, E. Weber, A. Williams, M. Smeltz, and D. Glinski. Analysis of Legacy and Novel Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Soils from an Industrial Manufacturing Facility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 58(24): 10729–10739, (2024).

Data were collected to develop a comprehensive, generalized approach to predict the retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) by a soil matrix as a function of PFAS molecular and soil physiochemical properties was developed. An AFFF with 34 major PFAS (12 anions and 22 zwitterions) was added to uncontaminated soil in one-dimensional saturated column experiments and PFAS mass retained was measured. PFAS mass retention was described using an exhaustive statistical approach to generate a poly-parameter quantitative structure-property relationship (ppQSPR). This dataset is not publicly accessible because: The senior author generated the data and has the data. At the time he was a graduate student at Oregon State University. It can be accessed through the following means: By contacting the senior author at: Thomas.Wanzek@Geosyntec.com. Format: Likely in excel spreadsheets. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Wanzek, T., J. Stults, M. Johnson, J. Field, and M. Kleber. Role of Mineral−Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 57(13): 5231-5242, (2023).

Biochars with a high affinity for phosphorus (P) are promising soil amendments for reducing P in agricultural runoff. Poultry litter (PL) is an abundant biochar feedstock. However, PL-derived biochars are typically high in soluble P and therefore require chemical modification to become effective P sorbents. This study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg) activation on extractable P (EP) and P sorption capacities of PL-derived biochars. Biochar was produced at 500–900 °C from PL activated with 0–1 M Mg. Three differentially aged PL feedstocks were evaluated (1-, 3–5-, and 7–9-year-old) has context menu. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Padilla, J.T., D. Watts, J. Novak, V. Cerven, J. Ippolito, A.A. Szogi, and M. Johnson. Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar. Biochar. Springer Nature, New York, NY, USA, 5: 64, (2023).

The data include chemical composition of Pb contaminated soils by adding FGDG as an amendment. The data shows the changes in Pb speciation to sulfur based minerals. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Koralegedara, N., S. Al-Abed, S. Rodrigo, R. Karna, K. Scheckel, and D. Dionysiou. Alterations of lead speciation by sulfate from addition of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) in two contaminated soils. D. Barcelo SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 575: 1522-1529, (2017).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental contaminants of emerging concern. The temperature dependent gas-solid reaction of four gas-phase PFAS compounds (fluorotelomer alcohols or FTOHS) with calcium oxide is examined. This reaction shows potential as a PFAS disposal method that forms a stable and environmentally friendly end product, calcium fluoride. In addition to monitoring the destruction of the primary PFAS compound, byproducts of the thermal treatment reaction are identified and monitored to determine whether such products of incomplete destruction, which could also be a source of PFAS in the environment, are removed during the treatment process. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Riedel, T., A. Wallace, E. Shields, J. Ryan, C. Lee, and B. Linak. Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Gas-Phase Fluorotelomer Alcohols by Calcium Oxide. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 272: 0, (2021).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data are presented from shallow soil and groundwater at two sites in New Hampshire. The two sites, the former Brentwood Fire Training Area and White Farm, were selected because materials known to contain PFAS were used at each site. White Farm is an active farm where biosolids have been applied for several years. At the former Brentwood Fire Training Area, PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foams were applied as part of regular fire training exercises. At each site, soil samples were collected in a gridded pattern over the site. Soil horizons within the sampling intervals were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger and others, 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, 36 PFAS compounds post-total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, autoclaved-citrate extractable protein, grain size, major ions and other physical and physicochemical parameters. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for PFAS during two sampling events at each site from temporary wells, existing monitoring wells, and/or pushpoint samplers. Additionally, a lysimeter was installed at the center of each site and a composite sample through the duration of each water sampling event (approximately 7 days) was collected. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates. Reference: Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data are presented from shallow soil and groundwater at two sites in New Hampshire. The two sites, the former Brentwood Fire Training Area and White Farm, were selected because materials known to contain PFAS were used at each site. White Farm is an active farm where biosolids have been applied for several years. At the former Brentwood Fire Training Area, PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foams were applied as part of regular fire training exercises. At each site, soil samples were collected in a gridded pattern over the site. Soil horizons within the sampling intervals were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger and others, 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, 36 PFAS compounds post-total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, autoclaved-citrate extractable protein, grain size, major ions and other physical and physicochemical parameters. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for PFAS during two sampling events at each site from temporary wells, existing monitoring wells, and/or pushpoint samplers. Additionally, a lysimeter was installed at the center of each site and a composite sample through the duration of each water sampling event (approximately 7 days) was collected. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates. Reference: Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.