This data release presents truth data and benchmark results describing simulation of hydrologic drought events in the conterminous United States. This data release supports a publication (Simeone and others, 2024) which documents drought benchmarking methods and their application to the results of the National Hydrologic Model Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System v1.0 (NHM-PRMS). Truth data used were observations at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across the conterminous United States. These data include 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages with a historical period from 1984-2016. The following files are included in this data release: 1) kappa_long_nhm.csv: Benchmark results for the Cohen's kappa evaluation metrics in long table format. 2) spear_bias_dist_long_nhm.csv: Benchmark results for the Spearman's, bias, and distributional evaluation metrics in long table format. 3) ann_eval_long_nhm.csv: Benchmark results for the annual drought evaluation metrics in long table format. 4) streamflow_percentiles_nhm.zip: A zip file containing individual streamflow percentile data files used in this analysis as truth data. 5) input_data_nhm.zip: A zip file with input data for individual streamgages used for our data analysis pipeline as truth data. 6) streamflow_gages_in_study.csv: Metadata information for the 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages contained in the above datasets.

This data release presents truth data and benchmark results describing simulation of hydrologic drought events in the conterminous United States. This data release supports a publication (Simeone and others, 2024) which documents drought benchmarking methods and their application to the results of the National Water Model (NWM) version 2.1. Truth data used were observations at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across the conterminous United States. These data include 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages with a historical period from 1984-2016. The following files are included in this data release: 1) kappa_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the Cohen's kappa evaluation metrics in long table format. 2) spear_bias_dist_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the Spearman's, bias, and distributional evaluation metrics in long table format. 3) ann_eval_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the annual drought evaluation metrics in long table format. 4) streamflow_percentiles_nwm.zip: A zip file containing individual streamflow percentile data files used in this analysis as truth data. 5) input_data_nwm.zip: A zip file with input data for individual streamgages used for our data analysis pipeline as truth data. 6) streamflow_gages_in_study.csv: Metadata information for the 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages contained in the above datasets.

This data release presents truth data and benchmark results describing simulation of hydrologic drought events in the conterminous United States. This data release supports a publication (Simeone and others, 2024) which documents drought benchmarking methods and their application to the results of the National Water Model (NWM) version 2.1. Truth data used were observations at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across the conterminous United States. These data include 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages with a historical period from 1984-2016. The following files are included in this data release: 1) kappa_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the Cohen's kappa evaluation metrics in long table format. 2) spear_bias_dist_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the Spearman's, bias, and distributional evaluation metrics in long table format. 3) ann_eval_long_nwm.csv: Benchmark results for the annual drought evaluation metrics in long table format. 4) streamflow_percentiles_nwm.zip: A zip file containing individual streamflow percentile data files used in this analysis as truth data. 5) input_data_nwm.zip: A zip file with input data for individual streamgages used for our data analysis pipeline as truth data. 6) streamflow_gages_in_study.csv: Metadata information for the 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages contained in the above datasets.

The southeastern United States was modeled to produce historical and potential future simulations of streamflow statistics using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) as part of the study documented in LaFontaine and others (2019). Hydrologic simulations using one observation-based historical climate dataset (Maurer and others, 2002), 13 used historical climate simulations using statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and 45 used potential future climate simulations using statistically downscaled CMIP5 GCMs for four representative concentration pathways were used for the computation of 52 hydrologic statistics of streamflow using output data files from each simulation. Output files for the simulations include: 1) historical annual values of each statistic for each HRU and stream segment for the period 1952-2010 for the observation-based simulation, 1952-2005 for the 13 GCM-based historical simulations, and 2045-2075 for the 45 GCM-based future simulations, 2) PRMS summary output files with daily time step basin-averaged output variables for the period 1950-2010 for the observation-based simulation, 1950-2005 for the 13 GCM-based historical simulations, and 2006-2099 for the 45 GCM-based future simulations. The first year of the PRMS summary output files should be ignored due to model initiation. LaFontaine, J.H., Hart, R.M., Hay, L.E., Farmer, W.H., Bock, A.R., Viger, R.J., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R.S., and Driscoll, J.M., 2019, Simulation of Water Availability in the Southeastern United States for Historical and Potential Future Climate and Land-Cover Conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2019-5039, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195039. Maurer, E.P., Wood, A.W., Adam, J.C., Lettenmaier, D.P., and Nijssen, B., 2002, A long-term hydrologically based dataset of land surface fluxes and states for the conterminous United States: Journal of Climate, v. 15, no. 22, p. 3237–3251, accessed September 24, 2017, at https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3237:ALTHBD>2.0.CO;2.

The southeastern United States was modeled to produce historical and potential future simulations of streamflow statistics using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) as part of the study documented in LaFontaine and others (2019). Hydrologic simulations using one observation-based historical climate dataset (Maurer and others, 2002), 13 used historical climate simulations using statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and 45 used potential future climate simulations using statistically downscaled CMIP5 GCMs for four representative concentration pathways were used for the computation of 52 hydrologic statistics of streamflow using output data files from each simulation. Output files for the simulations include: 1) historical annual values of each statistic for each HRU and stream segment for the period 1952-2010 for the observation-based simulation, 1952-2005 for the 13 GCM-based historical simulations, and 2045-2075 for the 45 GCM-based future simulations, 2) PRMS summary output files with daily time step basin-averaged output variables for the period 1950-2010 for the observation-based simulation, 1950-2005 for the 13 GCM-based historical simulations, and 2006-2099 for the 45 GCM-based future simulations. The first year of the PRMS summary output files should be ignored due to model initiation. LaFontaine, J.H., Hart, R.M., Hay, L.E., Farmer, W.H., Bock, A.R., Viger, R.J., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R.S., and Driscoll, J.M., 2019, Simulation of Water Availability in the Southeastern United States for Historical and Potential Future Climate and Land-Cover Conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2019-5039, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195039. Maurer, E.P., Wood, A.W., Adam, J.C., Lettenmaier, D.P., and Nijssen, B., 2002, A long-term hydrologically based dataset of land surface fluxes and states for the conterminous United States: Journal of Climate, v. 15, no. 22, p. 3237–3251, accessed September 24, 2017, at https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3237:ALTHBD>2.0.CO;2.

The southeastern United States was modeled to produce 59 simulations of historical and potential future streamflow using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) as part of the study documented in LaFontaine and others (2019). One simulation used historical observations of climate, 13 used historical climate simulations using statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and 45 used potential future climate simulations using statistically downscaled CMIP5 GCMs for four representative concentration pathways. Historical simulations with observations are for the period 1952-2010, historical simulations with the GCMs are for the period 1952-2005, and potential future simulations are for the period 2007-2099. These data document the PRMS climate input data files for these simulations. Input files for the simulations include the PRMS base parameter file and five dynamic parameter files that update model parameters on an annual time step for impervious area, dominant land cover type, and canopy interception. LaFontaine, J.H., Hart, R.M., Hay, L.E., Farmer, W.H., Bock, A.R., Viger, R.J., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R.S., and Driscoll, J.M., 2019, Simulation of Water Availability in the Southeastern United States for Historical and Potential Future Climate and Land-Cover Conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2019-5039, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195039.

The southeastern United States was modeled to produce 59 simulations of historical and potential future streamflow using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) as part of the study documented in LaFontaine and others (2019). One simulation used historical observations of climate, 13 used historical climate simulations using statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and 45 used potential future climate simulations using statistically downscaled CMIP5 GCMs for four representative concentration pathways. Historical simulations with observations are for the period 1952-2010, historical simulations with the GCMs are for the period 1952-2005, and potential future simulations are for the period 2007-2099. These data document the PRMS climate input data files for these simulations. Input files for the simulations include the PRMS base parameter file and five dynamic parameter files that update model parameters on an annual time step for impervious area, dominant land cover type, and canopy interception. LaFontaine, J.H., Hart, R.M., Hay, L.E., Farmer, W.H., Bock, A.R., Viger, R.J., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R.S., and Driscoll, J.M., 2019, Simulation of Water Availability in the Southeastern United States for Historical and Potential Future Climate and Land-Cover Conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2019-5039, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195039.

These tabular data sets represent monthly meteorological metrics processed from North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) for the hindcast (1982-2011) and forecast (2011-2023) periods of record and compiled for the spatial component of select United States Geological Survey stream gage basins (Staub and others, 2023). Flowline reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale using the python tool set called gdptools (McDonald, 2021). The following monthly meteorological metrics were processed: reference temperature (degree Celsius), and total precipitation (millimeters) for forecast periods of 15, 45, 75, and 105 days (0.5 to 3.5 months).

The continental United States (CONUS) was modeled to produce simulations of historical and potential future streamflow using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) application of the USGS National Hydrologic Model infrastructure (NHM; Regan and others, 2018). This child page specifically contains a suite of 52 streamflow metrics. These metrics were computed using daily outputs of runoff from HRUs (PRMS variable hru_outflow) and streamflow from the model stream segments (PRMS variable seg_outflow) for all historical and future simulations (table1_GCMs_used.csv) with both static and dynamic land cover parameters. These streamflow statistics describe the duration, frequency, magnitude, rate of change, and timing of streamflow computed for historical and future simulation periods (streamflow_statistics_description_table.csv).

The continental United States (CONUS) was modeled to produce simulations of historical and potential future streamflow using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) application of the USGS National Hydrologic Model infrastructure (NHM; Regan and others, 2018). This child page specifically contains a suite of 52 streamflow metrics. These metrics were computed using daily outputs of runoff from HRUs (PRMS variable hru_outflow) and streamflow from the model stream segments (PRMS variable seg_outflow) for all historical and future simulations (table1_GCMs_used.csv) with both static and dynamic land cover parameters. These streamflow statistics describe the duration, frequency, magnitude, rate of change, and timing of streamflow computed for historical and future simulation periods (streamflow_statistics_description_table.csv).