This dataset consists of water temperature, salinity, nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise FC2507 (EXPOCODE 33WA20250703) in the East Coast of the US, North Atlantic Ocean on 2025-07-03. Understanding of carbon transport and ocean acidification along the US East Coast, particularly in the Florida Straits, is currently limited by insufficient carbon chemistry data. To close this critical gap, the Role of the Overturning Circulation in Carbon Accumulation (ROCCA) project leverages the observations and logistics of NOAA’s established Western Boundary Time Series (WBTS) project at approximately 27N. This effort is obtaining new, high-quality measurements of carbonate chemistry (dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH on the total scale) and associated parameters (nutrients). The resulting comprehensive dataset is being used to accurately estimate anthropogenic carbon transports across the subtropical North Atlantic and to determine the contributions of air-sea fluxes and ocean circulation to regional carbon accumulation.

This dataset includes the discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, ammonia, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS23011 (EXPOCODE 33WA20230111) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2023-01-11 to 2023-01-18. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

This dataset includes the discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, ammonia, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS22281 (EXPOCODE 33WA20221008) in the Southeast U.S. Shelf, Gulf of Mexico from 2022-10-08 to 2022-10-14. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

This dataset consists of water temperature, salinity, nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise FC2410 (EXPOCODE 33WA20241002) in the East Coast of the US, North Atlantic Ocean on 2024-10-02. Understanding of carbon transport and ocean acidification along the US East Coast, particularly in the Florida Straits, is currently limited by insufficient carbon chemistry data. To close this critical gap, the Role of the Overturning Circulation in Carbon Accumulation (ROCCA) project leverages the observations and logistics of NOAA’s established Western Boundary Time Series (WBTS) project at approximately 27N. This effort is obtaining new, high-quality measurements of carbonate chemistry (dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH on the total scale) and associated parameters (nutrients). The resulting comprehensive dataset is being used to accurately estimate anthropogenic carbon transports across the subtropical North Atlantic and to determine the contributions of air-sea fluxes and ocean circulation to regional carbon accumulation.

This dataset includes the discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, ammonia, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS22141 (EXPOCODE 33WA20220521) in the Southeast U.S. Shelf, Gulf of Mexico from 2022-05-21 to 2022-05-27. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA.

This dataset includes the discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, ammonia, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS23061 (EXPOCODE 33WA20230302) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2023-03-02 to 2023-03-09. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of Mexico and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

This dataset consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS25024 (EXPOCODE 33WA20250124) in the North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of America from from 2025-01-24 to 2025-01-31. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of America and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of America and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

This dataset consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS25130 (EXPOCODE 33WA20250510) in the North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of America. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of America and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of America and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

This dataset consists of Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS25221 (EXPOCODE 33WA20250809) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of America from 2025-08-09 to 2025-08-17. Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of America and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of America and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.

Near-shore estuarine and coastal regions are where most recreational fishing and tourism occur, yet they are vastly under-sampled. Their susceptibility to OA is not well understood due to their high biogeochemical variability. These regions are affected by land-side processes such as river discharge and run-offs and ocean-side processes through slope water exchange. A full determination of the carbonate system in these regions in conjunction with open ocean measurements is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of OA on ocean health and fisheries and our ability to predict them. In this project, we propose to augment several observational campaigns by 1) adding a carbonate component to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) monitoring cruises conducted periodically on the Western Florida Shelf in order to study potential links between HABs and OA, 2) renewing our collaboration with select National Parks to complement and enhance our near-shore data collection on the Northern Gulf of America and US East Coast, and 3) complementing our underway surface pCO2 measurements in the Gulf of America and US East Coast with underway total alkalinity measurements to help us improve our fundamental understanding of nearshore OA processes. The addition of these measurements to the current assets already present in the region would enhance our understanding of the linkage between nearshore and open ocean processes and better assess the mechanisms and impacts of OA on the biogeochemistry, biology and their economic consequences.