These datasets provide early estimates of 2021 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and a native perennial grass predicted on July 1 using satellite observation data available no later than June 28th. Four fractional cover maps comprise this release, along with the corresponding confidence maps, for: 1) a group of 17 species of EAGs (i.e., Bromus arvensis L., Bromus briziformis, Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus commutatus, Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus L., Bromus hordeaceus spp. hordeaceus, Bromus japonicus, Bromus madritensis L., Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Duvin, Bromus L., Bromus racemosus, Bromus rubens L., Bromus secalinus L., Bromus tectorum L., Bromus texensis (Shear) Hitchc., and Taeniatherum caput-medusae; 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectrorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda ). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring data (AIM) plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total 17,536 AIM plots from years 2016 - 2019 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S.

These datasets provide early estimates of 2021 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and a native perennial grass predicted on July 1 using satellite observation data available no later than June 28th. Four fractional cover maps comprise this release, along with the corresponding confidence maps, for: 1) a group of 17 species of EAGs (i.e., Bromus arvensis L., Bromus briziformis, Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus commutatus, Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus L., Bromus hordeaceus spp. hordeaceus, Bromus japonicus, Bromus madritensis L., Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Duvin, Bromus L., Bromus racemosus, Bromus rubens L., Bromus secalinus L., Bromus tectorum L., Bromus texensis (Shear) Hitchc., and Taeniatherum caput-medusae; 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectrorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda ). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring data (AIM) plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total 17,536 AIM plots from years 2016 - 2019 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S.

These datasets provide early estimates of 2024 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from April to late June. Typically, the EAG estimates are publicly released within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains five fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) Field Brome (Bromus arvensis); 4) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 5) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 38,242 AIM plots from years 2016–2023 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as shrubs or grassland/herbaceous by the 2021 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of April 19th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 12. Maps of April 29th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 19. Maps of May 3rd, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 26. Maps of May 10th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 3. Maps of May 17th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 10. Maps of May 24th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 18. Maps of May 31st, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 24. Maps of June 7th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 1. Maps of June 14th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 8. Maps of June 21st, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 16. Releases: First Release: April 19, 2024 (ver. 1.0) Revised: April 29, 2024 (ver. 2.0) Revised: May 03, 2024 (ver. 3.0) Revised: May 10, 2024 (ver. 4.0) Revised: May 17, 2024 (ver. 5.0) Revised: May 24, 2024 (ver. 6.0) Revised: May 31, 2024 (ver. 7.0) Revised: June 7, 2024 (ver. 8.0) Revised: June 14, 2024 (ver. 9.0) Revised: June 21, 2024 (ver. 10.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2024 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from April to late June. Typically, the EAG estimates are publicly released within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains five fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) Field Brome (Bromus arvensis); 4) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 5) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 38,242 AIM plots from years 2016–2023 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as shrubs or grassland/herbaceous by the 2021 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of April 19th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 12. Maps of April 29th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 19. Maps of May 3rd, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 26. Maps of May 10th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 3. Maps of May 17th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 10. Maps of May 24th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 18. Maps of May 31st, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 24. Maps of June 7th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 1. Maps of June 14th, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 8. Maps of June 21st, 2024, were developed using satellite observation data no later than June 16. Releases: First Release: April 19, 2024 (ver. 1.0) Revised: April 29, 2024 (ver. 2.0) Revised: May 03, 2024 (ver. 3.0) Revised: May 10, 2024 (ver. 4.0) Revised: May 17, 2024 (ver. 5.0) Revised: May 24, 2024 (ver. 6.0) Revised: May 31, 2024 (ver. 7.0) Revised: June 7, 2024 (ver. 8.0) Revised: June 14, 2024 (ver. 9.0) Revised: June 21, 2024 (ver. 10.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Maps of May 8th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 05. Maps of May 15th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 11. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0) Revised: May 08, 2023 (ver. 2.0) Revised: May 15, 2023 (ver. 3.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Maps of May 8th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 05. Maps of May 15th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 11. Maps of May 22nd, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 19. Maps of May 29th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 26. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0) Revised: May 08, 2023 (ver. 2.0) Revised: May 15, 2023 (ver. 3.0) Revised: May 22, 2023 (ver. 4.0) Revised: May 29, 2023 (ver. 5.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Maps of May 8th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 05. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0) Revised: May 08, 2023 (ver. 2.0)

These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 28,901 AIM plots from years 2016–2022 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as grassland/herbaceous by the 2019 National Land Cover Database at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of May 1st, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 28. Maps of May 8th, 2023 were developed using satellite observation data no later than May 05. Releases: First Release: May 01, 2023 (ver. 1.0) Revised: May 08, 2023 (ver. 2.0)