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Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure - Results of trial 3
A heterologous thrombin clotting time assay (TCT) was used to measure the time for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin using commercially available reagents. Human reference material included in the kit was diluted with imidazole buffered saline (IBS; 0.0125M imidazole-0.109 M sodium chloride, pH7.4) to generate a standard curve. Each kestrel plasma sample was thawed at 37ºC and diluted with IBS, and following incubation at 37ºC, the reaction was then initiated by the addition of bovine thrombin reagent supplied with the assay kit, with clotting time measured to 0.1 s. Fibrinogen concentration was determined in a single assay for each of the 3 study trials, with reference samples interspersed among study samples. The intra-assay variation of kestrel study samples (duplicate determinations for trials 1 and 3) and reference samples (multiple determinations of plasma pools in trials 1, 2 and 3) were calculated. For Russell’s viper venom time (RVVT), reconstituted RVV Factor X activator was diluted 1:10 with IBS and maintained at room temperature. Citrated plasma samples were diluted with phosphate buffer (8.3 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) (3:5 dilution), incubated at 37ºC and diluted RVV was added and incubated for 10 s. The clotting reaction was initiated with 25 mM CaCl2, with clotting time measured to 0.1 s. Baseline and/or terminal study samples, and multiple inter-assay (inter-batch) human reference and kestrel plasma sample pools, were measured using this assay. For the prothrombin time (PT) assay, crude chicken hatchling thromboplastin (CHT) was prepared by the method of Quick, as modified and previously described (Rattner et al 2010). Plasma samples were diluted phosphate buffer (4:5 dilution), incubated at 37ºC, and the reaction was initiated by the addition of CHT in 25 mM CaCl2 (1:8 dilution of CHT working solution) with clotting time measured to 0.1 s. Baseline and/or terminal study samples, and multiple inter-assay (inter-batch) kestrel plasma sample pools, were measured using this assay.
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Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure
공공데이터포털
- Observations of test subjects, - Body weight - Estimates of test diet consumption - Hematocrit - Clotting time parameters (prothrombin time, Russell’s viper venom time, fibrinogen concentration) - Residues of brodifacoum and chlorophacinone in tissue
Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure - Results of trial 3
공공데이터포털
Trial examining blood clotting function response in kestrels initially fed a diet containing chlorophacinone (CPN) or brodifacoum (BROD), and following a recovery period, kestrels were challenged with a diet containing chlorophacinone. Kestrels received two 25 ± 0.1 g NBP meatballs daily for a 7-day period containing either vehicle, 1.5 µg CPN/g wet wt diet (i.e., 1.5 ppm chlorophacinone) or 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g wet wt (i.e., 0.5 ppm brodifacoum) during an initial exposure phase. Following 7 day recovery period, these kestrels were then fed 0.75 µg CPN/g wet wt diet (i.e., 0.75 ppm chlorophacinone) for a 7 day challenge exposure phase. Hereafter, these groups are designated control-chlorophacinone challenge (CON-CPN), chlorophacinone-chlorophacinone challenge (CPN-CPN), and brodifacoum-chlorophacinone challenge (BROD-CPN).
Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure
공공데이터포털
Range finding trial in which kestrels were fed diets containing varying quantities of brodifacoum and signs of intoxication were monitored.
Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure - Results of trial 5
공공데이터포털
Range finding trial in which kestrels were fed diets containing varying quantities of brodifacoum and signs of intoxication were monitored.
Use of blood clotting assays to assess anticoagulant rodenticide exposure and effects in free-ranging birds of prey
공공데이터포털
- Observations and treatment of various species of raptorial birds admitted to a rehabilitation facility, and of nestling barn owls observed and sampled in the field - Clotting time parameters (prothrombin time, Russell’s viper venom time, fibrinogen concentration) - Anticoagulant rodenticide residue data
Brodifacoum isomer formulation study (ver. 2.0, April 2025)
공공데이터포털
Body weight and weight change during course of study, estimates of food and brodifacoum consumption, observations of test birds during feeding trial and at necropsy, hematocrit, prothrombin time, Russell’s viper venom time and thrombin clotting time.
Brodifacoum isomer formulation study (ver. 2.0, April 2025)
공공데이터포털
Body weight and weight change during course of study, estimates of food and brodifacoum consumption, observations of test birds during feeding trial and at necropsy, hematocrit, and prothrombin time
Histopathology of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) Exposed to Two Brodifacoum Isomer Formulations with Differing Elimination Half-Lives
공공데이터포털
This dataset documents histopathological changes in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and intestine of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to brodifacoum formulations with differing elimination half-lives in target rodents. The toxicity of two brodifacoum formulations with stereoisomers having markedly different elimination half-lives in rats (Formulation A containing the 2 least persistent stereoisomers, Formulation B containing the most persistent stereoisomer) were tested in a 7-day dietary feeding trial. Based on previous kestrel studies using commercially available brodifacoum, Formulations A and B were each provided at 3 dietary concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g diet, 4 kestrels/dose level) predicted to cause a range of toxicity. Birds were necropsied and examined grossly for hemorrhages or anemia, and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and intestine was collected for histopathological evaluation. Tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin were scanned at at least 100x magnification and all hemorrhage, defined as erythrocyte extravasation, was scored on a severity scale of 0-4 (absent, minimal, mild, moderate, or severe). Other microscopic abnormalities noted within the case set were scored as absent or present. Microscopic examination revealed mild to moderate hemorrhage in 11/111 of tissues examined, including samples from the control group; hemorrhage was not related to dietary concentration of either brodifacoum formulation. Other observations in the case set included portal infiltrates in the liver (27/27), suspect polyomavirus inclusions in the kidney (14/28), renal interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (6/28), other cellular infiltrates (17/111), myocyte degeneration or regeneration (3/28), myocellular protozoal cysts (2/28), hepatocellular glycogenosis (1/27), and minimal hepatocellular necrosis (1/27). These findings are not considered likely to be clinically significant or related to brodifacoum exposure.
Metadata for manuscript entitled: Physiological and Endocrine Responses of Hatchling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) following Embryonic Exposure to Technical Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (C10-13)
공공데이터포털
- Observations of test subjects and hatching data - Body weight, organ/tissue weights - Biomarker data (oxidative stress indicators, oxidative DNA damage, thyroid hormones, histological findings) in various tissues - Chemical residues in tissues
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