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Experimental evaluation of nutrient and disease treatment effects on Acropora cervicornis (NCEI Accession 0299892)
Acropora cervicornis fragments of each genotype were evenly and haphazardly assigned to two nutrient treatments: ambient nutrients (Ambient) or elevated ammonium (NH4). Each nutrient treatment was replicated in four independent tanks (n = 3 fragments per genotype per tank). For ~1.5 months (47 d), Ambient tanks were maintained under nutrient levels consistent with the values in Virginia Key, FL, while elevated NH4 tanks were dosed with NH4Cl [3 mM] every 15 minutes using peristaltic pumps. The initial NH4 dose volume was 10 mL of the stock solution, targeting a ~10 μM increase in NH4 concentration. These values were calculated to account for the dilution of the nutrients resulting from adding new ambient seawater to the tanks (200 mL/min in a total tank volume of 180 L). After detecting higher than normal NH4 concentrations in the incoming seawater from Biscayne Bay, the NH4 dose volume was lowered to 5 mL of the stock solution, targeting ~5 μM NH4 increase above ambient values. The fragments were also assigned to disease vs. placebo treatments, the disease treatments involving exposure to homogenates of corals showing signs of white band disease following the protocol found in Rosales & Palacio-Castro (2024). Water samples (~40 mL) were collected to monitor NH4 levels in the treatments and immediately refrigerated at 4C. The elevated NH4 tanks were sampled daily, but the Ambient tanks were sampled less frequently (~2-3 days and no samples were collected during weeks 1 and 3 of the experiment). Nutrient concentrations were measured at NOAA-AOML using an AA3 nutrient analyzer (Seal Analytical, Southampton, UK). The instrument was calibrated before each run using standard solutions and procedures. Initially, only NH4 was monitored, but after high NH4 concentrations in the source seawater were detected, additional measurements of PO4 were included.
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Experimental coral-physiology data for Acropora palmata in Florida, U.S.A.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies (CREST) project (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/) provides science that helps Department of Interior and other resource managers tasked with the stewardship of coral reef resources. This data release contains data on coral physiology of the elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, grown at five sites along the Florida outer reef tract including in Biscayne National Park, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and Dry Tortugas National Park, from summer 2017 to autumn 2020. The data will be used to inform resource managers of the capacity for restoration and growth of this important, habitat-forming species of coral within U.S. waters. Some datasets included here were interpreted in Chapron and others (2023b). Chapron, L., Kuffner, I.B., Kemp, D.W., Hulver, A.M., Keister, E.F., Stathakopoulos, A., Bartlett, L.A., Lyons, E.O., and Grottoli, A.G., 2023, Heterotrophy, microbiome, and location effects on restoration efficacy of the threatened coral Acropora palmata: Communications Earth and Environment, vol. 4, art. 233, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00888-1.
Nutrient data collected from experimental tanks observing the effect of nutrient pollution on Acropora cervicornis disease susceptibility from 2020-09-14 to 2020-11-13 (NCEI Accession 0278916)
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This dataset contains the nutrient results for an experiment that assessed the effects of elevated NH4 on corals disease susceptibility. Eleven Acropora cervicornis genotypes were selected to conduct a full factorial tank. Replicate coral fragments (n=24 per genotype) were obtained in July-August 2020 from three South Florida coral nurseries and allowed to recover in tanks in the University of Miami and NOAA’s Experimental Reef Lab (ERL). After recovery from handling, the fragments were evenly allocated to one of eight independent tanks at ERL. For a month and a half, four tanks were maintained under ambient nutrients consistent with nutrient levels present in the seawater from Biscayne Bay, and four tanks were exposed to a 10 μM increase in ammonium concentration (n=12 fragments per genotype per nutrient treatment). To achieve and maintain the nutrient concentrations in the elevated ammonium tanks, a stock solution of NH4Cl was constantly added using peristaltic pumps (~ 10 mL of NH4Cl [2.25 mM] every 15 minutes) to replenish nutrient levels and account for the income of new water in the tanks. After 47 days of nutrient treatments, half of each nutrient cohort was challenged with a disease slurry and half with a placebo slurry, and signs of disease were monitored daily. NH4 concentrations were monitored approximately twice a week, and other nutrients (NO2, NO3, PO4, and Si) were estimated for a few time points. Water samples (~ 40 mL) for nutrient analysis were either preserved with 0.5 mL of Chloroform or were frozen until they were processed in the laboratory. The samples were always analyzed for ammonium on a SEAL AA3 Autoanalyzer following EPA methods and NELAC standards. For a few time points phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, nitrite, and silicate were also estimated.
Growth rates of Acropora cervicornis corals used in Florida restoration from 2023-08-14 to 2023-10-27 (NCEI Accession 0301924)
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Six replicate fragments from each of twelve A. cervicornis genotypes from the University of Miami (UM) and twelve genotypes from the Nova Southeastern University (NSU) nurseries were collected and brought to the Experimental Reef Lab (ERL). At ERL, the growth rates of all the fragments were assessed using buoyant weight. For the UM genotypes, the maximum photosynthetic yield of the algal symbionts (Fv/Fm) was additionally measured.
Experimental data comparing two coral grow-out methods in nursery-raised Acropora cervicornis
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Staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, is a threatened species and the primary focus of western Atlantic reef-restoration efforts to date. As part of the USGS Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/), scientists investigated skeletal characteristics of nursery-grown staghorn coral reared using two commonly used grow-out methods at Mote Tropical Research Laboratory’s offshore nursery. USGS staff compared linear extension, calcification rate, and skeletal density of nursery-raised A. cervicornis branches reared for six months either on blocks attached to substratum or hanging from monofilament line (on PVC “trees”) in the water column. The results demonstrated that branches grown on the substratum had significantly higher skeletal density, measured using computerized tomography (CT), and lower linear extension rates compared to water-column fragments. Calcification rates determined with buoyant weighing were not statistically different between the two grow-out methods, but did vary among coral genotypes. Whereas skeletal density and extension rates were plastic traits that depended on environment, the calcification rate was conserved. Results show that the two rearing methods generate the same amount of calcium-carbonate skeleton but produce colonies with different skeletal characteristics, and suggest that genetically based variability in coral-calcification performance exists. The data resulting from this experiment are provided in this data release and are interpreted in Kuffner et al. (2017).
Water temperature, carbonate chemistry, and growth rates of Acropora cervicornis from the Florida keys, 2014-05-23 to 2016-07-26 (NCEI Accession 0164322)
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Data were collected as part of the CRCP-funded project "Coral restoration in natural ocean acidification refugia." Carbonate chemistry parameters and temperature data describe environmental conditions incident on Acropora cervicornis nursery and outplanting sites throughout the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas. Growth data are periodic measurement of colony total linear extent (TLE).
Acropora cervicornis outplanting scores in the Florida Reef Tract from 2006-01-01 to 2099-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0209226)
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To maximize long term (>10yr) survival of nursery raised Acropora cervicornis corals, a map based tool was created that ranks locations in the Florida Acropora Critical Habitat based on climate vulnerability. Climate vulnerability is defined both in terms of exposure to future heat stress and the coral's sensitivity as resilience. Suitable sites are determined by a number of factors, suitable sites must be within the Acropora critical habitat and within the depth range 5-15m, with either hard bottom or coral present. Those possible locations are ranked based on projected climate change impacts and a resilience metric based on seven different indicators: coral cover, macroalgae cover, bleaching resistance, coral diversity, coral disease, herbivore biomass, and temperature variability. The data is presented as a Google Earth tool (zipped), maps, gridded netCDF files and are accompanied by a guidance document and a .csv file ranking all locations. The Google Earth tool contains five major layers: depth, turbidity, resilience, year of annual severe bleaching, and outplanting score. Bleaching projections included here use climate model data from 2006-2099.