Version 4 is the current version of the data set. Older versions are no longer available and have been superseded by Version 4.These data are a part of MEaSUREs 2012 projects. The particular project, "Multi-Decadal Sulfur Dioxide Climatology from Satellite Instruments", is expected to produce SO2 Earth Science Data Record by means of combining measurements from backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV), thermal infrared (IR) and microwave (MLS) instruments on multiple satellites. The data represent best estimates of the volcanic and anthropogenic contribution to global atmospheric SO2 concentrations. Since SO2 is the major precursor of sulfate aerosol, which has climate and air quality impact, SO2 measurements will contribute to better understanding of the sulfate aerosol distributions and its atmospheric impact."The released data file is a long-term database of volcanic SO2 emission derived from ultraviolet satellite measurements from October 31, 1978, to present.Data are in a table format in simple ASCII format:Column Descriptions:Column 1 = Name of volcano.Column 2 = Latitude of volcano.Column 3 = Longitude of volcano.Column 4 = Altitude of volcano (km).Column 5 = Eruption year.Column 6 = Eruption month of year.Column 7 = Eruption day of month.Column 8 = Eruption style: exp = explosive, eff = effusive.Column 9 = Eruption volcanic explosivity index (nd = no data or undetermined).Column 10 = Observed plume altitude (km) where known.Column 11 = Estimated plume altitude (km) above vent: 10 km for explosive, 5 km for effusive.Column 12 = Measured SO2 mass in kilotons (= 1000 metric tons).

These data are a part of Multi-Decadal Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Climatology from Satellite Instruments (MEaSUREs-12-0022 project). Version 2 of the global catalogue of emissions from large SO2 point sources combines data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS Aura spacecraft, the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP), and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the ESA/Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) spacecraft. The catalogue MSAQSO2L4 file contains the site coordinates, source type, country, source name, annual SO2 emissions, annual emission uncertainties, and the number of satellite pixels in the fitting area for three satellite instruments as well as for their weighted average. The emission estimates are based on operational version 2 OMI and OMPS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) retrieval algorithm SO2 slant column density (SCD) data (Li et al., 2020) as well as on new TROPOMI Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA) SCD data (Theys et al., 2021). A single time-independent site-specific Air-Mass Factor (AMF) value for each site was calculated (McLinden et al., 2014) and applied consistently to each satellite SCD dataset to derive SO2 vertical column densities (VCDs=SCDs/AMFs). The emission estimate method is based on a fit of satellite VCDs to an empirical plume model developed to describe the SO2 spatial distribution near emission point sources. The plume model assumes that the SO2 concentrations emitted from a point source decline exponentially with distance and that they are affected by turbulent diffusion that can be described by a two-dimensional (2D) exponentially modified Gaussian function. The total SO2 mass is derived from the fit and the annual emission rate is calculated as the ratio between the total mass and the prescribed SO2 lifetime.

These data are a part of Multi-Decadal Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Climatology from Satellite Instruments (MEaSUREs-12-0022 project). Version 2 of the global catalogue of emissions from large SO2 point sources combines data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS Aura spacecraft, the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP), and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the ESA/Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) spacecraft.The catalogue MSAQSO2L4 file contains the site coordinates, source type, country, source name, annual SO2 emissions, annual emission uncertainties, and the number of satellite pixels in the fitting area for three satellite instruments as well as for their weighted average.The emission estimates are based on operational version 2 OMI and OMPS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) retrieval algorithm SO2 slant column density (SCD) data (Li et al., 2020) as well as on new TROPOMI Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA) SCD data (Theys et al., 2021). A single time-independent site-specific Air-Mass Factor (AMF) value for each site was calculated (McLinden et al., 2014) and applied consistently to each satellite SCD dataset to derive SO2 vertical column densities (VCDs=SCDs/AMFs). The emission estimate method is based on a fit of satellite VCDs to an empirical plume model developed to describe the SO2 spatial distribution near emission point sources. The plume model assumes that the SO2 concentrations emitted from a point source decline exponentially with distance and that they are affected by turbulent diffusion that can be described by a two-dimensional (2D) exponentially modified Gaussian function. The total SO2 mass is derived from the fit and the annual emission rate is calculated as the ratio between the total mass and the prescribed SO2 lifetime.

Version 3 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 3. The goal of this data set is to create and archive a Level 2 SO2 Earth Science Data Record (ESDR) from backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) measurements from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) flown on NASA's Nimbus - 7 satellite in 1978-1993. We apply TOMS ozone team calibration techniques and consistent MEaSUREs SO2 (MS_SO2) algorithm, to obtain the best measurement-based ESDR of volcanic and anthropogenic SO2 masses and emissions. As part of the NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, the Goddard Earth Science (GES) Data and Information Data Center (DISC) has released a new SO2 Earth System Data Record (ESDR), TOMSN7SO2, re-processed using new 4 UV wavelength bands MS_SO2 algorithm that spans the full Nimbus 7 data period. TOMSN7SO2 is a Level 2 orbital swath product, which will be used to study the fifteen-year SO2 record from the Nimbus-7 TOMS and to expand the historical database of known volcanic eruptions. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is a short-lived gas primarily produced by volcanoes, power plants, refineries, metal smelting and burning of fossil fuels. Where SO2 remains near the Earth s surface, it is toxic, causes acid rain, and degrades air quality. Where SO2 is lofted into the free troposphere, it forms aerosols that can alter cloud reflectivity and precipitation. In the stratosphere, volcanic SO2 forms sulfate aerosols that can result in climate change.

These data are superseded by newer version, DOI: 10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA406

These data are superseded by newer version, DOI: 10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA406

The TROPESS Chemical Reanalysis SO2 Monthly 3-dimensional Product contains vertical concentrations of sulfur dioxide. The data are part of the Tropospheric Chemical Reanalysis v2 (TCR-2) for the period 2005-2021. TCR-2 uses JPL's Multi-mOdel Multi-cOnstituent Chemical (MOMO-Chem) data assimilation framework that simultaneously optimizes both concentrations and emissions of multiple species from multiple satellite sensors. The data files are written in the netCDF version 4 file format, and each file contains a year of data at monthly resolution, and a spatial resolution of 1.125 x 1.125 degrees at 27 pressure levels between 1000 and 60 hPa. The principal investigator for the TCR-2 data is Miyazaki, Kazuyuki.

The TROPESS Chemical Reanalysis SO2 6-Hourly 3-dimensional Product contains vertical concentrations of sulfur dioxide. The data are part of the Tropospheric Chemical Reanalysis v2 (TCR-2) for the period 2005-2021. TCR-2 uses JPL's Multi-mOdel Multi-cOnstituent Chemical (MOMO-Chem) data assimilation framework that simultaneously optimizes both concentrations and emissions of multiple species from multiple satellite sensors. The data files are written in the netCDF version 4 file format, and each file contains a year of data at 6-hourly resolution, and a spatial resolution of 1.125 x 1.125 degrees at 27 pressure levels between 1000 and 60 hPa. The principal investigator for the TCR-2 data is Miyazaki, Kazuyuki.

The TROPESS Chemical Reanalysis Surface Total SO2 emissions Monthly 2-dimensional Product contains sulfur dioxide emissions from the total of all sources. The data are part of the Tropospheric Chemical Reanalysis v2 (TCR-2) for the period 2005-2021. TCR-2 uses JPL's Multi-mOdel Multi-cOnstituent Chemical (MOMO-Chem) data assimilation framework that simultaneously optimizes both concentrations and emissions of multiple species from multiple satellite sensors. The data files are written in the netCDF version 4 file format, and each file contains a year of data at monthly resolution, and a spatial resolution of 1.125 x 1.125 degrees. The principal investigator for the TCR-2 data is Miyazaki, Kazuyuki.