This dataset provides compiled and computed data from 1900 through 2017 associated with Streamflow statistics used to perform regional analyses for the Brazos, Colorado, Big Cypress, Guadalupe, Neches, Sulphur, and Trinity river basins. These seven river basins are mostly within Texas, but parts of some of the basins extend into New Mexico and Louisiana. Because changes in precipitation, temperature and groundwater levels can appreciably affect streamflow, understanding changes in streamflow requires taking these forcing variables into account. Long-term streamflow statistics for these seven river basins were derived by analyzing streamflow data and other observed climatological variables. Data include tables of accumulated surface-water storage data modified from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), (Table 1), delineation of State counties or parishes by study basin (Table 2), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) precipitation stations by study basin (Table 3), and daily mean precipitation data (Table 4). In addition to data collected in 188 counties in Texas, this data release includes data collected in 4 counties in New Mexico, and 1 parish in Louisiana. Data not included in this dataset include temperature and groundwater-level elevation data, which are referenced in the associated larger work citation.

Hurricane Harvey made landfall near Rockport, Texas on August 25 as a category 4 hurricane with wind gusts exceeding 150 miles per hour. As Harvey moved inland the forward motion of the storm slowed down and produced tremendous rainfall amounts to southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana. Historic flooding occurred in Texas and Louisiana as a result of the widespread, heavy rainfall over an 8-day period in Louisiana in August and September 2017. Following the storm event, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrographers recovered and documented 2,123 high-water marks in Texas, noting location and height of the water above land surface. Many of these high-water marks were used to create flood-inundation maps for selected communities of Texas that experienced flooding in August and September, 2017. Nineteen flood-inundation maps in 11 river and coastal basins were created by using GIS for areas near rivers that flooded as a result of Harvey in southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana. The study area consists of the Brazos, Neches, Pine Island Bayou, Sabine, San Bernard, and San Jacinto River Basins along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, also including six smaller coastal basins that drain directly to the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal areas from Port Aransas to Matagorda Bay. The HWM elevation data from the USGS Short-tern Network (STN) was used to create the flood water-surface raster file (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS], 2018, Short-Term Network Data Portal: USGS flood information web page, accessed February 13, 2018, at https://water.usgs.gov/floods/FEV.). The water-surface raster was the basis for the creation of the final flood inundation polygon and depth layer to support the development of flood inundation map for the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) response and recovery operations.

Hurricane Harvey made landfall near Rockport, Texas on August 25 as a category 4 hurricane with wind gusts exceeding 150 miles per hour. As Harvey moved inland the forward motion of the storm slowed down and produced tremendous rainfall amounts to southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana. Historic flooding occurred in Texas and Louisiana as a result of the widespread, heavy rainfall over an 8-day period in Louisiana in August and September 2017. Following the storm event, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrographers recovered and documented 2,123 high-water marks in Texas, noting location and height of the water above land surface. Many of these high-water marks were used to create flood-inundation maps for selected communities of Texas that experienced flooding in August and September, 2017. Nineteen flood-inundation maps in 11 river and coastal basins were created by using GIS for areas near rivers that flooded as a result of Harvey in southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana. The study area consists of the Brazos, Neches, Pine Island Bayou, Sabine, San Bernard, and San Jacinto River Basins along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, also including six smaller coastal basins that drain directly to the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal areas from Port Aransas to Matagorda Bay. The HWM elevation data from the USGS Short-tern Network (STN) was used to create the flood water-surface raster file (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS], 2018, Short-Term Network Data Portal: USGS flood information web page, accessed February 13, 2018, at https://water.usgs.gov/floods/FEV.). The water-surface raster was the basis for the creation of the final flood inundation polygon and depth layer to support the development of flood inundation map for the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) response and recovery operations.

This dataset provides watershed delineations for 1,703 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgaging stations (gages) for geospatial statistical study of peak streamflows in and near Texas. These streamgaging stations are in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico (east of the Great Continental Divide) with some of the watersheds associated with the 1,703 streamgaging stations extending into several surrounding states or into Mexico. Watershed characteristics are indexed by using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) version 2.2.1 Indexing was accomplished by using the Permanent Identifier (PERMID; a string that uniquely identifies each feature in the NHD) and by using the USGS identification number for the streamgaging station (gage). The following watershed characteristics are included: watershed centroid, area, perimeter, basin shape index, sinuosity, drainage area, contributing drainage area, functional drainage area, summed values per watershed from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), mean watershed slope, main-channel slope, 10-85 slope, streamgaging station point elevation, mean elevation per watershed, mean annual precipitation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly precipitation per watershed, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per watershed, hydrologic soil groups per watershed, land cover per watershed, and multi order hydrologic position of streamgaging stations and stream segments. The watershed characteristics in this dataset are used to describe the point at the USGS streamgaging station, the full watershed that defines each site, and the main channel segment of each watershed.

This dataset provides watershed delineations for 1,703 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgaging stations (gages) for geospatial statistical study of peak streamflows in and near Texas. These streamgaging stations are in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico (east of the Great Continental Divide) with some of the watersheds associated with the 1,703 streamgaging stations extending into several surrounding states or into Mexico. Watershed characteristics are indexed by using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) version 2.2.1 Indexing was accomplished by using the Permanent Identifier (PERMID; a string that uniquely identifies each feature in the NHD) and by using the USGS identification number for the streamgaging station (gage). The following watershed characteristics are included: watershed centroid, area, perimeter, basin shape index, sinuosity, drainage area, contributing drainage area, functional drainage area, summed values per watershed from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), mean watershed slope, main-channel slope, 10-85 slope, streamgaging station point elevation, mean elevation per watershed, mean annual precipitation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly precipitation per watershed, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per watershed, hydrologic soil groups per watershed, land cover per watershed, and multi order hydrologic position of streamgaging stations and stream segments. The watershed characteristics in this dataset are used to describe the point at the USGS streamgaging station, the full watershed that defines each site, and the main channel segment of each watershed.

Understanding how changing climatic conditions affect streamflow volume and timing is critical for effective water management. In the Rio Grande Basin of the southwest U.S., decreasing snowpack, increasing minimum temperatures, and decreasing streamflow have been observed in recent decades, but the effects of hydroclimatic changes on baseflow, or groundwater discharge to streams, have not been investigated. The dataset created in this data release was used to help support a study to determine how trends in precipitation, snowpack accumulation, and snowmelt rate relate to streamflow, baseflow, and the hydrologic partitioning of baseflow and runoff at 12 sites in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB) during 1980 to 2015. Streamflow was partitioned into baseflow and runoff components at a daily time step using conductivity mass balance hydrograph separation. Trends in annual streamflow, baseflow, runoff, baseflow index, precipitation, snowmelt rate, and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) were evaluated from 1980 to 2015 using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test.

These data were compiled for monitoring riparian vegetation change along the Colorado River. This file contains data recorded at 42 sandbars between Lees Ferry and Diamond Creek, AZ, which are sampled for both geomorphic and vegetation change annually. Field data contained here were collected from 2012 to 2016 in September and October of each year. Plant species cover values in 5441 1m^2 quadrat frames, locations and elevations of those sampling frames, slope and aspect, sample dates, temperature and precipitation data, and flood frequency parameters were either recorded in the field or calculated. Annual and seasonal climate variables were estimated from eight weather stations distributed along the river corridor from data aquired from Caster et al. 2014. Data collected between 1 February 2008 and 31 January 2011 were used, as the greatest number of weather stations were recording data with the fewest data gaps during this time. Data were linearly interpolated to sandbars lacking weather data based on distance from adjacent weather stations. Available climate variables included minimum and maximum annual temperature; mean annual, winter (November - April) and monsoon (May - October) precipitation; and mean annual humidity. Inundation and depth to water table were estimated for each plot using plot elevation (acquired from Kaplinski et al. 2014), the 15-minute hydrograph from Glen Canyon Dam (https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/?), and the stage calculator developed for sandbars by Hazel et al. (2006). Discharge data from the 365 days preceding the vegetation surveys were used to calculate the proportion of that year, and the maximum number of contiguous days in which a plot was inundated; minimum, mean and maximum inundation depth; and elevation above river stage at 566m3s-1 (average daily peak flow).

These data were compiled for monitoring riparian vegetation change along the Colorado River. This file contains data recorded at 42 sandbars between Lees Ferry and Diamond Creek, AZ, which are sampled for both geomorphic and vegetation change annually. Field data contained here were collected from 2012 to 2016 in September and October of each year. Plant species cover values in 5441 1m^2 quadrat frames, locations and elevations of those sampling frames, slope and aspect, sample dates, temperature and precipitation data, and flood frequency parameters were either recorded in the field or calculated. Annual and seasonal climate variables were estimated from eight weather stations distributed along the river corridor from data aquired from Caster et al. 2014. Data collected between 1 February 2008 and 31 January 2011 were used, as the greatest number of weather stations were recording data with the fewest data gaps during this time. Data were linearly interpolated to sandbars lacking weather data based on distance from adjacent weather stations. Available climate variables included minimum and maximum annual temperature; mean annual, winter (November - April) and monsoon (May - October) precipitation; and mean annual humidity. Inundation and depth to water table were estimated for each plot using plot elevation (acquired from Kaplinski et al. 2014), the 15-minute hydrograph from Glen Canyon Dam (https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/?), and the stage calculator developed for sandbars by Hazel et al. (2006). Discharge data from the 365 days preceding the vegetation surveys were used to calculate the proportion of that year, and the maximum number of contiguous days in which a plot was inundated; minimum, mean and maximum inundation depth; and elevation above river stage at 566m3s-1 (average daily peak flow).

This data release contains rainfall data from the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, and Riverside Fire’s. These are gages identified in the parent OR_field_observations.csv release and used to calculate peak rainfall intensity-durations. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of data collection. The locations of the stations, dates of deployment, interval, and unit of rainfall measurement are available in gage_locations.csv in the parent data release. All rainfall data are reported as a cumulative total. The Archie1, Archie2, Archie3, Holiday1, Holiday2, Holiday3, Holiday4, and Oregon Rain 4 rain gages are non-telemetered. These gages were deployed following the fires within the first few months of the 2020 water year. These rainfall data files are the raw output of the HOBO data logger file that have been converted to a csv using HOBO software version 3.7.25. These are tipping bucket gages where each bucket tip represents 0.2 mm of rainfall. The column headers for the non-telemetered gages are: #: Number of data logs recorded. Date Time, GMT-07:00: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M:S]. Event, units (Sensor IDs): Bucket tip. OregonRain4 additionally includes a temperature recording column Temp, °C (LGR S/N: 10741450, SEN S/N: 10741450, LBL: temp), which describes the temperature recorded for the timestamp in degrees C. The D7564, E6414, F0379, F9895, HGNO3, LNEO3, RWXO3, TCFO3, and WPKO3 gages are telemetered, and rainfall data were downloaded from MESOWEST (https://mesowest.utah.edu/). MESOWEST only allows for rainfall data to be downloaded at a maximum of 365 days at a time, and rainfall data associated with these telemetered gages span multiple years. The multiple years of data for each gage were combined and adjusted so that our cumulative rainfall data starts at a value of 0 at the start of our downloaded data. These data are reported in inches. The column headers for these telemetered gages are: date: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M]. precip: Cumulative total of rainfall in inches.

This data release contains rainfall data from the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, and Riverside Fire’s. These are gages identified in the parent OR_field_observations.csv release and used to calculate peak rainfall intensity-durations. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of data collection. The locations of the stations, dates of deployment, interval, and unit of rainfall measurement are available in gage_locations.csv in the parent data release. All rainfall data are reported as a cumulative total. The Archie1, Archie2, Archie3, Holiday1, Holiday2, Holiday3, Holiday4, and Oregon Rain 4 rain gages are non-telemetered. These gages were deployed following the fires within the first few months of the 2020 water year. These rainfall data files are the raw output of the HOBO data logger file that have been converted to a csv using HOBO software version 3.7.25. These are tipping bucket gages where each bucket tip represents 0.2 mm of rainfall. The column headers for the non-telemetered gages are: #: Number of data logs recorded. Date Time, GMT-07:00: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M:S]. Event, units (Sensor IDs): Bucket tip. OregonRain4 additionally includes a temperature recording column Temp, °C (LGR S/N: 10741450, SEN S/N: 10741450, LBL: temp), which describes the temperature recorded for the timestamp in degrees C. The D7564, E6414, F0379, F9895, HGNO3, LNEO3, RWXO3, TCFO3, and WPKO3 gages are telemetered, and rainfall data were downloaded from MESOWEST (https://mesowest.utah.edu/). MESOWEST only allows for rainfall data to be downloaded at a maximum of 365 days at a time, and rainfall data associated with these telemetered gages span multiple years. The multiple years of data for each gage were combined and adjusted so that our cumulative rainfall data starts at a value of 0 at the start of our downloaded data. These data are reported in inches. The column headers for these telemetered gages are: date: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M]. precip: Cumulative total of rainfall in inches.