Data were collected during experiments to determine the effects of water chemistry on carbon dioxide toxicity to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Water chemistry parameters were collected for the water used in the study. Data were collected to model the relationship of carbon dioxide and pH in various water chemistries. Measurements were made to describe the animals used in the study.

Carbon dioxide has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carps. We evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fat mucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to carbon dioxide concentrations (43–269 mg/L, mean concentration) that are effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d LC50 value (lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels) was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval, CI 78.4–95.9) and at 16-d post-exposure was 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9–90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO2 concentrations 160 mg/L for more than 2 weeks or 100 mg/L CO2 for more than 30 days. Mean daily shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived carbon dioxide treatments; however, growth during the post-exposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Carbon dioxide also caused shell pitting and erosion of the periostracum in mussels. Behavioral effects of carbon dioxide included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization in the highest concentrations. Mussels in 110 mg/L, mean CO2 had the most movements, particularly in the first 3 days of exposure. If carbon dioxide is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations below 76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations.

Carbon dioxide has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carps. We evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fat mucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to carbon dioxide concentrations (43–269 mg/L, mean concentration) that are effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d LC50 value (lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels) was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval, CI 78.4–95.9) and at 16-d post-exposure was 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9–90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO2 concentrations 160 mg/L for more than 2 weeks or 100 mg/L CO2 for more than 30 days. Mean daily shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived carbon dioxide treatments; however, growth during the post-exposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Carbon dioxide also caused shell pitting and erosion of the periostracum in mussels. Behavioral effects of carbon dioxide included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization in the highest concentrations. Mussels in 110 mg/L, mean CO2 had the most movements, particularly in the first 3 days of exposure. If carbon dioxide is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations below 76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations.

Data are biological and chemical in nature. They describe organismal responses to copper treatments. The abstract can be found below. Copper can be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and has been previously used successfully to control zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Because copper’s toxicity changes with water chemistry, using the same copper concentration in different waterbodies could yield different outcomes. We demonstrate how measuring water chemistry parameters and using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models can predict a suitable, site-specific copper concentration for management. We exposed zebra mussel adults and non-target organisms to varying concentrations of copper over 10 d in a mobile laboratory. We found that one non-target species, Daphnia magna, had a 50% chance of survival at 9.50 µg Cu/L (i.e., the 50% lethal concentration, LC50), within our BLM-predicted range of 3.38–16.95 µg Cu/L LC50 values. In the future, managers could make similar predictions and tailor their copper concentrations to their management goals. We also measured zebra mussel larvae mortality at copper concentrations ranging from 0 to 191 µg Cu/L. While those results were inconclusive, we present the results of this work as a foundation for future projects. Our study underscores the importance of developing site-specific copper concentration recommendations and demonstrates the potential utility of the BLM and MLR approaches for informing those recommendations. Citation information for this dataset can be found in Data.gov's References section.

Control technology for dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) currently relies heavily on chemical molluscicides that can be both costly and ecologically harmful. There is a need to develop more environmentally neutral control tools to manage dreissenid mussels, particularly in cooler water. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO2) showed selective toxicity for Zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12 °C). Carp-Carbon Dioxide (carbon dioxide, CO2) is registered as a pesticide by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for deterrence of Asian carp and to control aquatic nuisance species when applied under ice (USEPA 2019). The current registration would allow the use of CO2 to kill Zebra mussels in water bodies during periods of ice cover, but first efficacious treatment regimes in cold water need to be determined. We compared toxicity endpoints (lethal concentrations, time to lethality) and behavioral responses of Zebra mussels (gaping, attachment) and juveniles (burial) of two unionid species (Plain pocketbook, Lampsilis cardium) and Fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis) to CO2 across a temperature range to determine treatment scenarios that had the greatest efficacy to invasive mussels and safety margin to native mussels. We found CO2 treatment regimens at all three temperatures that were efficacious to Zebra mussels and caused minimal mortality of unionid. At 5 °C, Plain pocketbook survived 96 h exposure to the highest PCO2 treatment (139 atm). At 20 °C, the 96 h LC10 for Plain pocketbook (173 atm PCO2, 95% confidence interval CL 147 – 198 atm) was significantly higher than the LC99 for Zebra mussels (118 atm PCO2, CL 109 – 127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of Zebra mussels in PCO2 ~ 110 – 120 atm ranged from 100 h at 20 °C to 300 h at 5 °C. Mean survival of unionids exceeded 85% in LT99 CO2 treatments at all temperatures. Seasonal behaviors of native mussels are also considered to assess the potential risk of a CO2 treatment to unionids. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by Zebra mussels.

Control technology for dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) currently relies heavily on chemical molluscicides that can be both costly and ecologically harmful. There is a need to develop more environmentally neutral control tools to manage dreissenid mussels, particularly in cooler water. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO2) showed selective toxicity for Zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12 °C). Carp-Carbon Dioxide (carbon dioxide, CO2) is registered as a pesticide by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for deterrence of Asian carp and to control aquatic nuisance species when applied under ice (USEPA 2019). The current registration would allow the use of CO2 to kill Zebra mussels in water bodies during periods of ice cover, but first efficacious treatment regimes in cold water need to be determined. We compared toxicity endpoints (lethal concentrations, time to lethality) and behavioral responses of Zebra mussels (gaping, attachment) and juveniles (burial) of two unionid species (Plain pocketbook, Lampsilis cardium) and Fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis) to CO2 across a temperature range to determine treatment scenarios that had the greatest efficacy to invasive mussels and safety margin to native mussels. We found CO2 treatment regimens at all three temperatures that were efficacious to Zebra mussels and caused minimal mortality of unionid. At 5 °C, Plain pocketbook survived 96 h exposure to the highest PCO2 treatment (139 atm). At 20 °C, the 96 h LC10 for Plain pocketbook (173 atm PCO2, 95% confidence interval CL 147 – 198 atm) was significantly higher than the LC99 for Zebra mussels (118 atm PCO2, CL 109 – 127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of Zebra mussels in PCO2 ~ 110 – 120 atm ranged from 100 h at 20 °C to 300 h at 5 °C. Mean survival of unionids exceeded 85% in LT99 CO2 treatments at all temperatures. Seasonal behaviors of native mussels are also considered to assess the potential risk of a CO2 treatment to unionids. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by Zebra mussels.

The data release includes data from four studies: (1) toxicity of a permitted effluent, which entered the Deep Fork River (DFR), Oklahoma, USA, to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and to 2 standard test species (cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia; and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas) in short-term 7-d effluent tests; (2) relative sensitivities of the 3 species to potassium (K), an elevated major ion in the effluent, using 7-d toxicity tests with KCl spiked into a DFR upstream reference water; (3) potential influences of background water characteristics on the acute K toxicity to the mussel (96-h exposures) and cladoceran (48-h exposure) in 4 reconstituted waters that mimicked the hardness and ionic composition ranges of the DFR; and (4) potential influence of temperature on acute K toxicity to the mussel. Water quality, survival, growth, and reproduction endpoints are reported.

The data release includes data from four studies: (1) toxicity of a permitted effluent, which entered the Deep Fork River (DFR), Oklahoma, USA, to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and to 2 standard test species (cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia; and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas) in short-term 7-d effluent tests; (2) relative sensitivities of the 3 species to potassium (K), an elevated major ion in the effluent, using 7-d toxicity tests with KCl spiked into a DFR upstream reference water; (3) potential influences of background water characteristics on the acute K toxicity to the mussel (96-h exposures) and cladoceran (48-h exposure) in 4 reconstituted waters that mimicked the hardness and ionic composition ranges of the DFR; and (4) potential influence of temperature on acute K toxicity to the mussel. Water quality, survival, growth, and reproduction endpoints are reported.

The data consists of the responses (survival, growth, and/or reproduction) of test organisms were determined in six concentrations of toxicants in 7-day toxicity tests or in four different feeding rates in 7-day feeding experiments. Specifically we evaluated the sensitivity of 2 mussel species (Villosa constricta and Lampsilis siliquoidea) and P. promelas and C. dubia using effluents in 7-d exposures. We then refined the method by determining the best feeding rate of algal mixture for 1-, 2-, and 3-wk-old L. siliquoidea in a 7-d feeding experiment, and using derived optimal feeding rates to assess the sensitivity of the 3 ages of juveniles in a 7-d NaCl test. Finally, we conducted an interlaboratory study among 13 laboratories to evaluate the performance of a 7-d NaCl test with L. siliquoidea.

The data consists of the responses (survival, growth, and/or reproduction) of test organisms were determined in six concentrations of toxicants in 7-day toxicity tests or in four different feeding rates in 7-day feeding experiments. Specifically we evaluated the sensitivity of 2 mussel species (Villosa constricta and Lampsilis siliquoidea) and P. promelas and C. dubia using effluents in 7-d exposures. We then refined the method by determining the best feeding rate of algal mixture for 1-, 2-, and 3-wk-old L. siliquoidea in a 7-d feeding experiment, and using derived optimal feeding rates to assess the sensitivity of the 3 ages of juveniles in a 7-d NaCl test. Finally, we conducted an interlaboratory study among 13 laboratories to evaluate the performance of a 7-d NaCl test with L. siliquoidea.