The two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic flow model International River Interface Cooperative with the Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphological Evolution of Channels solver (iRIC FaSTMECH) was used to investigate the impacts of habitat restoration treatments on hydraulic conditions in the Braided and Straight Reaches of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, ID. The treatments were constructed between 2012 and 2018. Topographic surfaces from 2011, 2020, and 2022 were used to simulate hydraulic conditions before and after restoration treatments were built. Three different flow conditions (discharge and downstream water surface elevation) from the 2020 spring snowmelt hydrograph were simulated on a 5-meter model grid with the topographic surfaces for 2011, 2020, and 2022, producing a total of nine unique simulations. Flow depths, depth-averaged velocity, and area associated with each model grid node were exported for each simulation.

This dataset provides detailed information on availability of model resources (including models and datasets) that support the modeling of six key water-quality constituents (or constituent categories) across the hydrologic system. In addition, resources associated with nine “cross-cutting” topics for modeling water quality are included, with “cross-cutting” defined herein as having relevance to more than one constituent. The model and data resources were generated as a companion product to a related publication (Lucas and others, 2025) that identifies gaps in water-quality modeling capabilities needed for assessments, projections, and evaluation of management alternatives to support ecosystem health and human beneficial use of water resources. Multiple spreadsheet tables include modeling resources for contemporary and representative models that represent an extensive but not exhaustive list; the models or datasets within each worksheet are presented in terms of the model or data source type, relevant hydrologic compartment(s), and software availability (defined at the bottom of each worksheet). Models originating in government, academia, non-governmental organizations, and private industry were considered. We emphasize models that are widely used, open source, and representative of the state of the art; additionally, models were included that are published in the literature and (or) for which documentation is easily available on the internet. This data release includes the metadata and the modeling capabilities workbook, “WQ_Models_Tables_1-14.xlsx” that includes a cross-cutting topics overview tab and the following cross-cutting topics worksheets: Table 1–Climate Forcing Datasets; Table 2–(Bio)geochemical Modeling; Table 3–Watershed Modeling; Table 4–River Modeling; Table 5–Lake and Reservoir Modeling; Table 6–Reservoir Operations and Outflow Modeling; Table 7–Estuary Modeling; Table 8–Groundwater Modeling; Table 9–Water Reuse Modeling; and a constituents tables overview tab and the following constituents worksheets: Table 10–Water Temperature; Table 11–Salinity; Table 12–Nutrients; Table 13–Sediment; Table 14–Geologically Sourced Constituents.

The two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic flow model iRIC FaSTMECH (Nelson, 2003) was used to simulate hydraulic conditions in the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, ID during white sturgeon spawning season during 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Details on model development and calibration in FaSTMECH can be found in other studies (Dudunake and others, in progress; Barton and others, 2005; Barton and others, 2007; Logan and others, 2011; McDonald and others, 2016; McDonald and Nelson, 2018; McDonald and Nelson, 2020). Simulations were run with a 1-meter grid and six-hour time-steps from April 25 to August 15 of 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Simulated depths and depth-averaged velocities were exported.

The two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic flow model iRIC FaSTMECH (Nelson, 2003) was used to simulate hydraulic conditions in the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, ID during white sturgeon spawning season during 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Details on model development and calibration in FaSTMECH can be found in other studies (Dudunake and others, in progress; Barton and others, 2005; Barton and others, 2007; Logan and others, 2011; McDonald and others, 2016; McDonald and Nelson, 2018; McDonald and Nelson, 2020). Simulations were run with a 1-meter grid and six-hour time-steps from April 25 to August 15 of 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Simulated depths and depth-averaged velocities were exported.

Kootenai river hydraulic conditions were simulated using the iRIC FaSTMECH two-dimensional hydraulic flow model (Nelson, 2003). In addition to this study, FaSTMECH 2D flow models have been developed for numerous Kootenai River studies dating back to 2005. The methods used to develop, calibrate, and simulate FaSTMECH 2D flow models are described at length in multiple previous studies (Fosness and Dudunake, in press; Barton and others, 2005; Barton and others, 2007; Logan and others, 2011; McDonald and others, 2016; McDonald and Nelson, 2018; McDonald and Nelson, 2020). Model simulations were combined with white sturgeon telemetry data to explain fish positions with respect to selected depths and depth-averaged velocity.

Kootenai river hydraulic conditions were simulated using the iRIC FaSTMECH two-dimensional hydraulic flow model (Nelson, 2003). In addition to this study, FaSTMECH 2D flow models have been developed for numerous Kootenai River studies dating back to 2005. The methods used to develop, calibrate, and simulate FaSTMECH 2D flow models are described at length in multiple previous studies (Fosness and Dudunake, in press; Barton and others, 2005; Barton and others, 2007; Logan and others, 2011; McDonald and others, 2016; McDonald and Nelson, 2018; McDonald and Nelson, 2020). Model simulations were combined with white sturgeon telemetry data to explain fish positions with respect to selected depths and depth-averaged velocity.

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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (FDLB), Minnesota, analyzed the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions within the Stoney Brook watershed. The Stoney Brook watershed covers an area of 100.8 square miles in Carlton and St. Louis counties with most of the watershed within the Fond du Lac Reservation. Wild rice, which is harvested by the FDLB, naturally grows in the lakes on the Fond du Lac Reservation and is susceptible to damage from increased water-levels after substantial rainfall events. Channel modifications and frequency rainfall events were simulated to assess lake level conditions that could mitigate potential damages to the wild rice yields. The channel modifications were also used to evaluate options for improving conveyance and floodplain storage in the watershed. The study area consists of 77.9 square miles of the watershed with the downstream boundary located 2.4 miles downstream from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023). A hydrologic model was used to simulate precipitation runoff and outflow hydrographs from delineated subwatersheds in the Stoney Brook watershed. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was used to simulate streamflows, volume accumulation, lake water-levels, and inundation duration and depths. The hydrologic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS) computer program (version 4.3; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2022) for the simulation of single rainfall events. A total of 14 subwatersheds were used in the HEC–HMS model to represent the 77.9 square mile study area within the Stoney Brook watershed. The HEC–HMS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. The calibrated HEC–HMS model used 24-hour duration design rainfall events consisting of precipitation frequencies of 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence intervals (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) for the simulation of channel modification alternatives in the hydraulic model. The hydraulic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) computer program (version 6.4.1; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2023). The HEC–RAS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. Channel modification alternatives were developed in the HEC–RAS model as terrain modifications and were intended to improve flow conveyances and storage and wetland coverage within the floodplain. These terrain modifications include breaches in the bank spoils, reconnecting the original channel to Stoney Brook, and clearing the original channel of soil deposition and debris. The HEC–HMS with HEC–RAS scenarios were simulated using flows from 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence interval (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) precipitation events distributed over a 24-hour duration. The HEC–RAS model was used to determine differences in hydraulic characteristics such as: peak water-surface elevations in the lakes, peak flows, volume accumulation, and inundation durations and depths. This data release contains a zip file that includes the HEC–HMS and HEC–RAS model run files, model performance and calibration metrics, and model outputs used in this study. References Cited: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018, Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System HEC–HMS 4.3. User’s Manual: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers software release, accessed October 10, 2022, at

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (FDLB), Minnesota, analyzed the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions within the Stoney Brook watershed. The Stoney Brook watershed covers an area of 100.8 square miles in Carlton and St. Louis counties with most of the watershed within the Fond du Lac Reservation. Wild rice, which is harvested by the FDLB, naturally grows in the lakes on the Fond du Lac Reservation and is susceptible to damage from increased water-levels after substantial rainfall events. Channel modifications and frequency rainfall events were simulated to assess lake level conditions that could mitigate potential damages to the wild rice yields. The channel modifications were also used to evaluate options for improving conveyance and floodplain storage in the watershed. The study area consists of 77.9 square miles of the watershed with the downstream boundary located 2.4 miles downstream from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023). A hydrologic model was used to simulate precipitation runoff and outflow hydrographs from delineated subwatersheds in the Stoney Brook watershed. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was used to simulate streamflows, volume accumulation, lake water-levels, and inundation duration and depths. The hydrologic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS) computer program (version 4.3; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2022) for the simulation of single rainfall events. A total of 14 subwatersheds were used in the HEC–HMS model to represent the 77.9 square mile study area within the Stoney Brook watershed. The HEC–HMS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. The calibrated HEC–HMS model used 24-hour duration design rainfall events consisting of precipitation frequencies of 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence intervals (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) for the simulation of channel modification alternatives in the hydraulic model. The hydraulic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) computer program (version 6.4.1; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2023). The HEC–RAS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. Channel modification alternatives were developed in the HEC–RAS model as terrain modifications and were intended to improve flow conveyances and storage and wetland coverage within the floodplain. These terrain modifications include breaches in the bank spoils, reconnecting the original channel to Stoney Brook, and clearing the original channel of soil deposition and debris. The HEC–HMS with HEC–RAS scenarios were simulated using flows from 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence interval (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) precipitation events distributed over a 24-hour duration. The HEC–RAS model was used to determine differences in hydraulic characteristics such as: peak water-surface elevations in the lakes, peak flows, volume accumulation, and inundation durations and depths. This data release contains a zip file that includes the HEC–HMS and HEC–RAS model run files, model performance and calibration metrics, and model outputs used in this study. References Cited: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018, Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System HEC–HMS 4.3. User’s Manual: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers software release, accessed October 10, 2022, at

This dataset contains two- and quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic model outputs from the Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphologic Evolution of CHannels (FaSTMECH) hydrodynamic model in the open source binary Visualization Toolkit (VTK) format (https://vtk.org/). The simulations were run at 348 cms as measured on July 1, 2019, during a larval drift experiment conducted on the Upper Missouri River near Wolf Point, MT. Three different variations of the model were run at multiples of 0.5, 1, and 2 times the calculated lateral eddy viscosity (LEV) value to account for uncertainty in this parameter. These are labeled as LEVx0p5, LEVx1, and LEVx2 respectively. Files can be opened using the open-source software program Paraview: (https://www.paraview.org/).