The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Tug Hill Commission, the Jefferson County Soil and Water Conservation District, the Oswego County Soil and Water Conservation District, and the Tug Hill Land Trust collected horizontal-to-vertical seismic soundings at 139 locations in the Northern and Central parts of the Tug Hill Glacial Aquifer. The goal of the project was to help determine thickness of the unconsolidated deposits and depth to bedrock. The HVSR technique, commonly referred to as the passive-seismic method, is used to estimate the thickness of unconsolidated sediments and the depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008). The passive-seismic method uses a single, broad-band three-component (two horizontal and one vertical) seismometer to record ambient seismic noise. In areas that have a strong acoustic contrast between the bedrock and overlying sediments, the seismic noise induces resonance at frequencies that range from about 0.3 to 40 Hz. The ratio of the average horizontal-to-vertical spectrums produces a spectral-ratio curve with peaks at fundamental and higher-order resonance frequencies. The spectral ratio curve (the ratio of the averaged horizontal-to-vertical component spectrums) is used to determine the fundamental resonance frequency that can be used along with an average shear-wave velocity or a power-law regression equation to estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008; Brown and others, 2013; Fairchild and others, 2013; Chandler and others, 2014; and Johnson and Lane, 2016). The HVSR data presented in this data release were collected at each site in 30 minute intervals using a Tromino Model TEP-3C1 three-component seismometer. The data were processed with Grilla 2012 version 6.21 software to 1) remove anthropogenic noise, 2) convert the time-domain data to frequency domain, 3) compute and plot the spectral ratio curve, and 4) determine the resonance frequency. This data release presents the peaks of resonance frequency identified from the HVSR measurements. Also presented are reported depth-to-bedrock data for wells located at or near HVSR data-collection sites overlying the aquifer in Jefferson and Oswego counties. This exercise is for use in comparison of HVSR forward model depths to reported well depths. Raw and processed data for HVSR measurements are presented in the attached. The HVSR data-collection sites are designated by a county sequential numbering system (JHVSR33, OWHVSR50, etc. where ‘J’ and ‘OW’ indicate Jefferson and Oswego counties, respectively). 1Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. A total of 35 horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic measurements were collected at the site. The HVSR technique uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of approximately 0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources. A resonance frequency (f0) is induced in the unconsolidated sediments when there is a substantial contrast (greater than 2 to 1 ratio) in shear-wave acoustic impedance between the overburden and the bedrock. The HVSR data were interpreted to determine the f0 from analysis of the spectral ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic data. The thickness of the overburden can be related to f0. In general, lower f0 relates to thicker sediments, and higher f0 relates to relatively thinner overburden. At the Fredericktown, MO, site the resonance frequency was related to the depth of the overburden using an average shear-wave velocity that was measured at the site using active seismic source measurements. About two thirds of the HVSR surveys exhibited low to zero amplitude peaks, which is consistent with either a low amplitude acoustic impedance, an overburden layer, or a combination of both that is too thin to measure. The median value of the depth to bedrock for the 10 reliable measurements was 1.6 meters.

In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. A total of 35 horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic measurements were collected at the site. The HVSR technique uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of approximately 0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources. A resonance frequency (f0) is induced in the unconsolidated sediments when there is a substantial contrast (greater than 2 to 1 ratio) in shear-wave acoustic impedance between the overburden and the bedrock. The HVSR data were interpreted to determine the f0 from analysis of the spectral ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic data. The thickness of the overburden can be related to f0. In general, lower f0 relates to thicker sediments, and higher f0 relates to relatively thinner overburden. At the Fredericktown, MO, site the resonance frequency was related to the depth of the overburden using an average shear-wave velocity that was measured at the site using active seismic source measurements. About two thirds of the HVSR surveys exhibited low to zero amplitude peaks, which is consistent with either a low amplitude acoustic impedance, an overburden layer, or a combination of both that is too thin to measure. The median value of the depth to bedrock for the 10 reliable measurements was 1.6 meters.

In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, collected horizontal-to-vertical seismic soundings at 31 locations in the Owasco Inlet valley, Cayuga and Tompkins Counties, New York to help determine thickness of the unconsolidated deposits. The HVSR technique, commonly referred to as the passive-seismic method, is used to estimate the thickness of unconsolidated sediments and the depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008; Fairchild and others, 2013). The passive-seismic method uses a single, broad-band three-component (two horizontal and one vertical) seismometer to record ambient seismic noise. In areas that have a strong acoustic contrast between the bedrock and overlying sediments, the seismic noise induces resonance at frequencies that range from about 0.3 to 40 Hz. The ratio of the average horizontal-to-vertical spectrums produces a spectral-ratio curve with peaks at fundamental and higher-order resonance frequencies. The spectral ratio curve (the ratio of the averaged horizontal-to-vertical component spectrums) is used to determine the fundamental resonance frequency that can be used along with an average shear-wave velocity or a power-law regression equation to estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008; Brown and others, 2013; Fairchild and others, 2013; Chandler and others, 2014; Johnson and Lane, 2016; and Heisig and Fleisher, 2022). The HVSR data presented in this data release were collected at each site for 30 minutes using a Tromino Model TEP-3C three-component seismometer. The data were processed with Grilla 2012 version 6.2 software to: 1) remove anthropogenic noise, 2) convert the time-domain data to frequency domain, 3) compute and plot the spectral ratio curve, and 4) determine the resonance frequency. This data release presents the resonance frequency peaks identified from the HVSR measurements. Raw and processed HVSR data for each HVSR measurement are presented in the attached files. The HVSR data-collection sites are designated by a county sequential numbering system (CYHVSR1, TMVSR64, etc. where "CY" indicates Cayuga County and "TM" indicates Tompkins County).

In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, collected horizontal-to-vertical seismic soundings at 31 locations in the Owasco Inlet valley, Cayuga and Tompkins Counties, New York to help determine thickness of the unconsolidated deposits. The HVSR technique, commonly referred to as the passive-seismic method, is used to estimate the thickness of unconsolidated sediments and the depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008; Fairchild and others, 2013). The passive-seismic method uses a single, broad-band three-component (two horizontal and one vertical) seismometer to record ambient seismic noise. In areas that have a strong acoustic contrast between the bedrock and overlying sediments, the seismic noise induces resonance at frequencies that range from about 0.3 to 40 Hz. The ratio of the average horizontal-to-vertical spectrums produces a spectral-ratio curve with peaks at fundamental and higher-order resonance frequencies. The spectral ratio curve (the ratio of the averaged horizontal-to-vertical component spectrums) is used to determine the fundamental resonance frequency that can be used along with an average shear-wave velocity or a power-law regression equation to estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock (Lane and others, 2008; Brown and others, 2013; Fairchild and others, 2013; Chandler and others, 2014; Johnson and Lane, 2016; and Heisig and Fleisher, 2022). The HVSR data presented in this data release were collected at each site for 30 minutes using a Tromino Model TEP-3C three-component seismometer. The data were processed with Grilla 2012 version 6.2 software to: 1) remove anthropogenic noise, 2) convert the time-domain data to frequency domain, 3) compute and plot the spectral ratio curve, and 4) determine the resonance frequency. This data release presents the resonance frequency peaks identified from the HVSR measurements. Raw and processed HVSR data for each HVSR measurement are presented in the attached files. The HVSR data-collection sites are designated by a county sequential numbering system (CYHVSR1, TMVSR64, etc. where "CY" indicates Cayuga County and "TM" indicates Tompkins County).

The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Tug Hill Commission, the Jefferson County Soil and Water Conservation District, the Oswego County Soil and Water Conservation District, and the Tug Hill Land Trust studied the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill glacial aquifer to help communities make sound decisions about the groundwater resource. This child item dataset contains locations and labels of the surficial geologic units for the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill aquifer.

The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Tug Hill Commission, the Jefferson County Soil and Water Conservation District, the Oswego County Soil and Water Conservation District, and the Tug Hill Land Trust studied the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill glacial aquifer to help communities make sound decisions about the groundwater resource. This child item dataset contains locations of water level contours for the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill aquifer.

The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Tug Hill Commission, the Jefferson County Soil and Water Conservation District, the Oswego County Soil and Water Conservation District, and the Tug Hill Land Trust studied the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill glacial aquifer to help communities make sound decisions about the groundwater resource. This child item dataset contains locations of geologic sections for the northern and central parts of the Tug Hill aquifer.

The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method is a passive seismic technique that uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of ~0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources. A resonance frequency (f0) is induced in the unconsolidated when there is a substantial contrast (greater than 2:1) in shear-wave acoustic impedance between the overburden and the bedrock. The f0 is determined from the analysis of the spectral ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic data. The thickness of the overburden can be related to the f0. In general, lower f0 relates to thicker sediments, and higher f0 relates to relatively thinner overburden. At the former Callahan MIne site the resonance frequency can be related to the depth of the overburden using an average shear-wave velocity that is measured or estimated from locations where there is a known depth to rock and/or using a direct measurement of the shear-wave velocity.

The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method is a passive seismic technique that uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of ~0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources. A resonance frequency (f0) is induced in the unconsolidated when there is a substantial contrast (greater than 2:1) in shear-wave acoustic impedance between the overburden and the bedrock. The f0 is determined from the analysis of the spectral ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic data. The thickness of the overburden can be related to the f0. In general, lower f0 relates to thicker sediments, and higher f0 relates to relatively thinner overburden. At the former Callahan MIne site the resonance frequency can be related to the depth of the overburden using an average shear-wave velocity that is measured or estimated from locations where there is a known depth to rock and/or using a direct measurement of the shear-wave velocity.