This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying downstream transport of aquatic carbon and exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean discharge, dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 (DailyData.csv). Hourly mean dissolved CO₂, CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂), water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fDOM, nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM are presented from 10/1/2016 to 9/30/2017 at one of the stream sites (AndrewsHourlyData.csv). Water temperature, turbidity, specific conductance, fDOM, corrected fDOM, and discharge values measured at 10–15-minute intervals are presented from 4/27/2011 to 9/30/2017 at two stream sites (UV_data_NandEinlets.csv). Discrete measurements of dissolved CO₂ are presented for hyporheic samples collected at one site during 2000 (AndrewsHyporheicData.csv) and for a synoptic survey of groundwater springs conducted during summer 2018 (SpringsData.csv). First posted June 17, 2021 Revised December 17, 2021 Revised October 11, 2023

This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying downstream transport of aquatic carbon and exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean discharge, dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 (DailyData.csv). Hourly mean dissolved CO₂, CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂), water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fDOM, nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM are presented from 10/1/2016 to 9/30/2017 at one of the stream sites (AndrewsHourlyData.csv). Water temperature, turbidity, specific conductance, fDOM, corrected fDOM, and discharge values measured at 10–15-minute intervals are presented from 4/27/2011 to 9/30/2017 at two stream sites (UV_data_NandEinlets.csv). Discrete measurements of dissolved CO₂ are presented for hyporheic samples collected at one site during 2000 (AndrewsHyporheicData.csv) and for a synoptic survey of groundwater springs conducted during summer 2018 (SpringsData.csv). First posted June 17, 2021 Revised December 17, 2021 Revised October 11, 2023

This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying downstream transport of aquatic carbon and exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean discharge, dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 (DailyData.csv). Hourly mean dissolved CO₂, CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂), water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fDOM, nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM are presented from 10/1/2016 to 9/30/2017 at one of the stream sites (AndrewsHourlyData.csv). Discrete measurements of dissolved CO₂ are presented for hyporheic samples collected at one site during 2000 (AndrewsHyporheicData.csv) and for a synoptic survey of groundwater springs conducted during summer 2018 (SpringsData.csv). First posted June 17, 2021 Revised December 17, 2021

This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying downstream transport of aquatic carbon and exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean discharge, dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 (DailyData.csv). Hourly mean dissolved CO₂, CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂), water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fDOM, nitrate, specific conductance, turbidity, and corrected fDOM are presented from 10/1/2016 to 9/30/2017 at one of the stream sites (AndrewsHourlyData.csv). Discrete measurements of dissolved CO₂ are presented for hyporheic samples collected at one site during 2000 (AndrewsHyporheicData.csv) and for a synoptic survey of groundwater springs conducted during summer 2018 (SpringsData.csv). First posted June 17, 2021 Revised December 17, 2021

This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 through 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, and discharge at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring (DailyData.csv). Hourly mean dissolved CO₂, CO₂ partial pressure (pCO2), water temperature, atmospheric pressure, and dissolved oxygen are presented from 10/1/2016 to 9/30/2017 at one of the stream sites (AndrewsHourlyData.csv). Discrete measurements of dissolved CO₂ are presented for hyporheic samples collected at one site during 2000 (AndrewsHyporheicData.csv) and for a synoptic survey of groundwater springs conducted during summer 2018 (SpringsData.csv).

These files consist of scanned field notebooks from long-term research and monitoring conducted in the Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park from June 17, 1981, through September 19, 2023. There are 72 individual PDF files. They are accompanied by a spreadsheet that serves as a pointer to the contents of each notebook, including the range of years in each, start and end dates, field observers' names or initials, and whether the field notebook includes notes on specific sample collections or research activities. There is a column noting whether and when there was field equipment maintenance, whether the notebooks include sample sites outside Loch Vale watershed (and where), and names of the notebook scanners, proofreaders, and quality assurance evaluators. A map of the locations of all sample sites within Loch Vale and additional long-term sites in Rocky Mountain National Park is included with the field notebook files. This file is titled "AllSitesMap_fieldnotebooksdatarelease.pdf".

These files consist of scanned field notebooks from long-term research and monitoring conducted in the Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park from June 17, 1981, through September 19, 2023. There are 72 individual PDF files. They are accompanied by a spreadsheet that serves as a pointer to the contents of each notebook, including the range of years in each, start and end dates, field observers' names or initials, and whether the field notebook includes notes on specific sample collections or research activities. There is a column noting whether and when there was field equipment maintenance, whether the notebooks include sample sites outside Loch Vale watershed (and where), and names of the notebook scanners, proofreaders, and quality assurance evaluators. A map of the locations of all sample sites within Loch Vale and additional long-term sites in Rocky Mountain National Park is included with the field notebook files. This file is titled "AllSitesMap_fieldnotebooksdatarelease.pdf".

Stream temperature data and streamflow data from headwater streams in the upper Snake River basin, Wyoming and upper Yellowstone River basin and Flathead River basin in Montana. These datasets were assembled to assess how stream temperature and streamflow in headwater streams deviates from downstream gages in order to better understand tools to estimate streamflow at a variety of temporal scales. The datasets range from 2011 through 2023 and were collected using standard stage-discharge relationships and commonly used sensors. Data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and/or affiliated field crews with support from the U.S. Geological Survey.

Diatom taxonomy, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, and algal pigment data from lake sediment layers dating back to 1600 Common Era (CE) for Sky Pond and The Loch in Rocky Mountain National Park.

This metadata record describes a series of tabular datasets containing metrics used to characterize drought for select United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in and surrounding the Colorado River Basin for the climate years (April 1 – March 31) 1981 to 2020. These streamgages are a subset of those used in Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version 2 (GAGES-II, Falcone, 2011) with some additional USGS streamgages not in the GAGES-II dataset added. The metrics include streamflow percentiles, identified drought events, annual low streamflow, and statistics for each drought event.