The supplemental data presented here contains raster data in .tif format of the empirically estimated mean annual (1987-2015) net evapotranspiration (ETnet) for the Harney Basin Groundwater Evapotranspiration Area. The final mean annual ETnet estimate for the Harney Basin was determined using both empirical and physics-based methods. The final ETnet estimate was combined with additional data to estimate groundwater discharge through evapotranspiration (ET) in the Harney Basin. See Garcia and others (2022) for a detailed description of how these data were estimated and evaluated.

The supplemental data presented here contains three raster datasets representing the evapotranspiration (ET) units for northern, southern, and western regions of Harney Basin (raster datasets in .tif format) and one vector dataset of ET-unit observations used to delineate ET units (vector dataset in .shp format). Eleven ET units were identified from ET-unit observations of land cover and include bare soil or playa (1), marsh (2), dry meadow (3), wet meadow (4), open water (5), riparian (6), mixed shrubland (7), phreatophyte shrubland (8), xerophyte shrubland (9), sagebrush shrubland (10), and xerophyte grassland (11). Irrigated areas are excluded from ET units. Unpublished land-cover datasets collected by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) were used, in part, to generate ET-unit observations and are provided (vector datasets in .shp and .csv format) in the sub-child item, Harney Basin Land-Cover Observations.

The supplemental data presented here contains three raster datasets representing the evapotranspiration (ET) units for northern, southern, and western regions of Harney Basin (raster datasets in .tif format) and one vector dataset of ET-unit observations used to delineate ET units (vector dataset in .shp format). Eleven ET units were identified from ET-unit observations of land cover and include bare soil or playa (1), marsh (2), dry meadow (3), wet meadow (4), open water (5), riparian (6), mixed shrubland (7), phreatophyte shrubland (8), xerophyte shrubland (9), sagebrush shrubland (10), and xerophyte grassland (11). Irrigated areas are excluded from ET units. Unpublished land-cover datasets collected by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) were used, in part, to generate ET-unit observations and are provided (vector datasets in .shp and .csv format) in the sub-child item, Harney Basin Land-Cover Observations.

This data release provides a monthly irrigation water use reanalysis for the period 2000-20 for all U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Watershed Boundary Dataset of Subwatersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12 [HUC12]) in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Results include reference evapotranspiration (ETo), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigated areas, consumptive use, and effective precipitation for each HUC12. ETo and ETa were estimated using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop, Senay and others, 2013; Senay and others, 2020) model executed in the OpenET (Melton and others, 2021) web-based application implemented in Google Earth Engine. Results provided by OpenET/SSEBop were summarized to hydrologic response units (HRUs) in the National Hydrologic Model (NHM; Regan and others, 2019) to estimate consumptive use and effective precipitation on irrigated lands. Irrigated lands for the CONUS were provided by the Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID; Xie and others, 2019) for each year of the reanalysis period. Consumptive use estimates provided by the NHM were disaggregated to HUC12s using area weighted intersections with HRUs and the relative proportion of irrigated lands in each intersected area. These datasets are generated during the irrigation reanalysis workflow (irrigation_reanalysis.7zip). The files actet_openet.cbh, potet_openet.cbh, and dyn_ag_frac.param are created in step one of the workflow, which involves converting daily OpenET/SSEBop results into inputs for the NHM. All other files are produced by the NHM and are utilized for calculating irrigation consumptive use and effective precipitation.

This data release provides a monthly irrigation water use reanalysis for the period 2000-20 for all U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Watershed Boundary Dataset of Subwatersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12 [HUC12]) in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Results include reference evapotranspiration (ETo), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigated areas, consumptive use, and effective precipitation for each HUC12. ETo and ETa were estimated using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop, Senay and others, 2013; Senay and others, 2020) model executed in the OpenET (Melton and others, 2021) web-based application implemented in Google Earth Engine. Results provided by OpenET/SSEBop were summarized to hydrologic response units (HRUs) in the National Hydrologic Model (NHM; Regan and others, 2019) to estimate consumptive use and effective precipitation on irrigated lands. Irrigated lands for the CONUS were provided by the Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID; Xie and others, 2019) for each year of the reanalysis period. Consumptive use estimates provided by the NHM were disaggregated to HUC12s using area weighted intersections with HRUs and the relative proportion of irrigated lands in each intersected area. These datasets are generated during the irrigation reanalysis workflow (irrigation_reanalysis.7zip). The files actet_openet.cbh, potet_openet.cbh, and dyn_ag_frac.param are created in step one of the workflow, which involves converting daily OpenET/SSEBop results into inputs for the NHM. All other files are produced by the NHM and are utilized for calculating irrigation consumptive use and effective precipitation.

This data release provides a monthly irrigation water use reanalysis for the period 2000-20 for all U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Watershed Boundary Dataset of Subwatersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12 [HUC12]) in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Results include reference evapotranspiration (ETo), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigated areas, consumptive use, and effective precipitation for each HUC12. ETo and ETa were estimated using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop, Senay and others, 2013; Senay and others, 2020) model executed in the OpenET (Melton and others, 2021) web-based application implemented in Google Earth Engine. Results provided by OpenET/SSEBop were summarized to hydrologic response units (HRUs) in the National Hydrologic Model (NHM; Regan and others, 2019) to estimate consumptive use and effective precipitation on irrigated lands. Irrigated lands for the CONUS were provided by the Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID; Xie and others, 2019) for each year of the reanalysis period. Consumptive use estimates provided by the NHM were disaggregated to HUC12s using area weighted intersections with HRUs and the relative proportion of irrigated lands in each intersected area. These datasets are generated during the irrigation reanalysis workflow (irrigation_reanalysis.7zip). The files actet_openet.cbh, potet_openet.cbh, and dyn_ag_frac.param are created in step one of the workflow, which involves converting daily OpenET/SSEBop results into inputs for the NHM. All other files are produced by the NHM and are utilized for calculating irrigation consumptive use and effective precipitation.

The water-budget components geodatabase contains selected data from maps in the, "Selected Approaches to Estimate Water-Budget Components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009" report (Stanton and others, 2011). Data were collected and synthesized from existing climate models including the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) (Daly and others, 1994), and the Snow accumulation and ablation model (SNOW-17) (Anderson, 2006),and used in soil-water balance models to compute various components of a water budget. The methodologies used to compute the averages and volumes for the data in this geodatabase are slightly different for different components and models.

The supplemental data presented here contain tabular data (in .csv format) including measured and estimated daily and water-year (1982–2016) streamflow for selected watersheds and estimated springflow at Page Springs in Harney Basin. Daily streamflow data are a composite of measured streamflow and extended streamflow records from short-term streamgages in gaged watersheds. Short-term or discontinuous records in gaged watersheds were extended to the period 1982–2016 using the Kendal-Thiel Robust Line (KTRL) method (Helsel and Hirsch, 2020) and ordinary-least squares (OLS) linear regression. Springflow estimates were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

The supplemental data presented here contain tabular data (in .csv format) including measured and estimated daily and water-year (1982–2016) streamflow for selected watersheds and estimated springflow at Page Springs in Harney Basin. Daily streamflow data are a composite of measured streamflow and extended streamflow records from short-term streamgages in gaged watersheds. Short-term or discontinuous records in gaged watersheds were extended to the period 1982–2016 using the Kendal-Thiel Robust Line (KTRL) method (Helsel and Hirsch, 2020) and ordinary-least squares (OLS) linear regression. Springflow estimates were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

This USGS data release, supporting USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5075, Estimates of Groundwater Discharge by Evapotranspiration, Stump Spring and Hiko Springs, Clark County, Southern Nevada, 2016–18, consists of five datasets - Normalized Difference Vegetation Indexes (NDVI) and a mapped groundwater discharge areas (GDA) for two spring areas, and a two-class land cover classification for Stump Springs and the Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) adjacent to Stump Springs. The mapped GDAs are the area within each spring’s riparian area where discharge from evaporation by open water or bare soil and transpiration from phreatophytic plants exceeds the volume of water contributed by precipitation. The GDAs were delineated from visual interpretation of 2015 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery and 2016 and 2017 WorldView 2 imagery. The WorldView 2 imagery, NDVI based on the Worldview 2 imagery, and two-class land cover classification each were used to estimate the area of riparian vegetation within the GDA.