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Faults Images
Through the study of faults and their effects, much can be learned about the size and recurrence intervals of earthquakes. Faults also teach us about crustal movements that have produced mountains and changed continents. Initially a section of Earth's crust may merely bend under pressure to a new position. Or slow movement known as seismic creep may continue unhindered along a fault plane. However stresses often continue to build until they exceed the strength of the rock in that section of crust. The rock then breaks, and an earthquake occurs, sometimes releasing massive amounts of energy. The ensuing earth displacement is known as a fault. This slide set describes the mechanism and types of faulting. It illustrates a variety of fault expressions in natural and manmade features.
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September 1886 Charleston, USA Images
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Generally referred to as August 31, 1886, as the earthquake occurred at 9:51 pm local time. Eight minutes later there was a severe aftershock. This was the most damaging earthquake to occur in the southeastern U.S. and one of the largest historic shocks in eastern North America. Structural damage was reported within several hundred kilometers from Charleston, and long-period effects were observed at distances exceeding 1,000 kilometers.
May 1983 Coalinga, USA Images
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Location: Central California, 20.8 kilometers from Coalinga. Affected area: 205,000 square kilometers. Damage: $31 million. The most serious damage occurred in the eight-block downtown commercial district, but residents were also heavily damaged. More then 800 single-family houses were destroyed or incurred major damage. The majority of the 94 injuries occurred in residential sections of the city.
Faults--Punta Gorda to Point Arena, California
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This part of DS 781 presents data for the faults of the Punta Gorda to Point Arena, California, region. The vector data file is included in the "Faults_PuntaGordaToPointArena.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PNNI9H. Faults in the Punta Gorda and Point Arena region are identified on seismic-reflection data based on abrupt truncation or warping of reflections and (or) juxtaposition of reflection panels with different seismic parameters such as reflection presence, amplitude, frequency, geometry, continuity, and vertical sequence. Faults were primarily mapped by interpretation of seismic reflection profile data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey between 2010 and 2012.
October 1935 Helena, USA Images
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Location: almost directly beneath Helena. Affected area: 363,000 square kilometers. Damage: $4 million. A series of earthquakes beginning on October 3, 1935, shook the area. The strongest of the shocks was on October 18. Several shocks of lesser intensity were followed by a second strong earthquake on October 31 that destroyed many buildings that had been previously damaged. The shocks continued with additional strong shocks on November 21 and November 28.
July 1952 Kern County, USA Images
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South of Bakersfield. Affected area: 414,000 square kilometers. Damage: $50 million. This was the main shock of the series of earthquakes that struck this area. It was the largest earthquake in the United States since 1906. Several hundred people were injured. Nine of the deaths resulted from the collapse of a brick wall in Tehachapi.
April 1981 Westmorland, Calipatria, USA Images
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Magnitude 6.3. Damage $1-$3 million. Subsidence was reported on several rural roads in the area. Liquefaction caused scores of mudpots, and oozing soil in nearby fields. One country road west of Westmorland collapsed, producing a 2-foot drop-off. In rural areas, unreinforced, concrete-lined irrigation canals were broken.
November 1994 Skagway, USA Images
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On November 3, 1994, at 7:10pm local time, a large tsunami generated by a massive landslide in the submerged Skagway River delta occurred near Skagway, Alaska. This event resulted in one fatality and approximately $25 million of damage, leaving several harbor structures damaged or destroyed.
Faults of the Piceance Basin, Colorado
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Faults in the Piceance Basin were digitized to compliment structural mapping as part of a 2009 National Oil Shale Assessment.
Faults of the Piceance Basin, Colorado
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Faults in the Piceance Basin were digitized to compliment structural mapping as part of a 2009 National Oil Shale Assessment.
October 1987 Whittier, USA Images
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Epicenter: 34.0 degrees N, 118.1 degrees W. Magnitude: 5.9. Damage: $358 million. Eight deaths. The fault which ruptured was located about 11 kilometers below the surface, and 20 kilometers east of downtown Los Angeles. The fault was an extension of the previously identified Whittier Fault. Severe damage was confined mainly to communities of Los Angeles and near the epicenter.
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