This dataset contains monthly gridded pCO2 and air-sea CO2 fluxes from 1993-2018. The pCO2 data are gap-filled from the SOCAT database using the method of Landschützer (2013), but using additional winter pCO2 'pseudo observations' constructed using the method of Mackay and Watson (2021). The air-sea fluxes are constructed from the pCO2 product using a gas transfer parameterisation.

This dataset includes chemical, meteorological, physical and time series data collected from Mooring Iceland_12W_68N in the North Greenland Sea from 2013-08-16 to 2022-08-17. These data include air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), barometric pressure, oxygen, pCO2 - atmosphere, pCO2 - water, salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen, pH on total scale, total chlorophyll, nephelometric turbidity unit and salinity-compensated dissolved oxygen. The Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2®) instruments used to collect these data include Bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Humidity Sensor, and oxygen meter. The Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project involves international groups from 18 countries who have mounted sensors on moored buoys to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project is coordinated by UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical and meteorological data collected from R/V Polarstern in the North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Southern Oceans from 2017-02-05 to 2017-10-13. These data include partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Mario Hoppema of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research and Steven van Heuven of Groningen University.

This dataset includes underway measurements from ANT-XX/2 cruise: carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity, and other variables collected via surface underway survey from Volunteer Observing Ship POLARSTERN in the South Atlantic Ocean from 2002-11-25 to 2003-01-23.

The underway surface and atmospheric CO2 levels were measured in the west Arctic Ocean during the 5th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2012) from 2012-07-17 to 2012-09-12. The system was monitored and calibrated with three certified gas standards and a zero gas every 3 hours. The dataset was reduced by the MatLab program pCO2 Sys v126, following the procedure in Pierrot et al. (2009). This dataset includes measurements of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in sea water at sea water temperature, fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in atmosphere, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, atmospheric pressure, and delta fCO2 between sea water and atmosphere (fCO2w - fCO2a).

This dataset contains observation-based pCO2 data and a derived monthly climatology. The observation-based pCO2 fields were created using a 2-step neural network method extensively described and validated in Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. The method first clusters the global ocean into biogeochemical provinces and in a second step reconstructs the non-linear relationship between CO2 driver variables and observations from the v2022 release of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT, Bakker et al. 2016). This file contains the resulting monthly pCO2 fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the global ocean for the first time including the Arctic Ocean and few marginal seas (see Landschützer et al 2020). The air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference and a bulk gas transfer formulation following Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. Furthermore, the monthly climatology is created from the monthly average of the period 1985-present.

The underway surface and atmospheric CO2 levels were measured in the west Arctic Ocean during the 6th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2014) from 2014-07-27 to 2014-09-09. The system was monitored and calibrated with three certified gas standards and a zero gas every 3 hours. The dataset was reduced by the MatLab program pCO2 Sys v126, following the procedure in Pierrot et al. (2009). This dataset includes measurements of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in sea water at sea water temperature, fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in atmosphere, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, atmospheric pressure, and delta fCO2 between sea water and atmosphere (fCO2w - fCO2a).

This dataset contains pCO2 data measured during the period from 1981 to 1989. Each pCO2 data file is tab-separated text file which contains No., year, date, time (UTC) of measurements, position of measurements (latitude, N/S, longitude, E/W), atmospheric pressure (hPa), sea surface temperature(SST), SST flag, xCO2 (CO2 mole fraction in dry air, xCO2(a)) in the ambient air, xCO2(a) flag, xCO2 in the dry air equilibrated with surface seawater (xCO2(s)), xCO2(s) flag, and pH2O.

This dataset includes the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) version 3. These data include surface underway, chemical, meteorological, navigational and physical data collected from unknown platforms in the world-wide oceans from 1968-11-16 to 2013-12-31. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an international effort, endorsed by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER), to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database.

This dataset includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from R/V Xue Long Arctic CHINARE2010 Expedition in the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean from 2010-07-09 to 2010-09-06. These data include measurements of Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature, in parts per million, mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air, barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace, barometric pressure, corrected to sea level, water temperature in equilibrator, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity, and difference between sea water fCO2 and interpolated air fCO2. The instruments used to collect these data include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement.