This dataset consists of surface underway measurements collected during the R/V Algoa Southern Benguela (IEP:SB) cruise (EXPOCODE 91AL20230215) in the coastal waters of South Africa, South Atlantic Ocean from 2023-02-15 to 2023-02-23. The sea-surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured in the Southern Benguela off the west coast of South Africa as part of the August 2022 Integrated Ecosystem Programme: Southern Benguela (IEP:SB). The IEP is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional platform to undertake research and monitoring in the Southern Benguela. The measurements were taken onboard the RV Algoa VOYAGE 289. The core goal is to monitor seasonal and long term changes in air-sea flux of CO2 and ocean acidification.

This dataset consists of surface underway measurements collected during R/V Algoa Southern Benguela (IEP:SB) cruises (EXPOCODEs 91AL20220810, 91AL20211121) in the coastal waters of South Africa, South Atlantic Ocean from 2022-08-10 to 2022-11-30. The sea-surface partial pressure (pCO2) was measured off the west coast of South Africa as part of the Benguela Air-Sea CO2 and Heat Flux Experiment (BenFlex21). BenFlex21 was initially planned to take place onboard the SA Agulhas II polar research ship but for technical reasons, that was not possible. The experiment was then re-planned to take place in the southern Benguela Upwelling System (sBUS) on a long-term observational line in St Helena Bay. The core goal of the experiment was to examine, through top-down Eddy Co-Variance and bottom-up in situ ocean observations, the hypothesis that small differences between the skin, foundation, and bulk temperatures are causing an underestimation of the air-sea flux of CO2 that can influence the magnitude of the global ocean sink (Watson et al., 2020; 1992; Woolf et al., 2017).

This dataset consists of surface underway measurements collected during the R/V Algoa Benguela Air-Sea CO2 and Heat Flux Experiment (BenFlex21) cruise (EXPOCODE 91AL20211206) in the coastal waters of South Africa, South Atlantic Ocean from 2021-12-06 to 2021-12-19. The sea-surface partial pressure (pCO2) was measured off the west coast of South Africa as part of the Benguela Air-Sea CO2 and Heat Flux Experiment (BenFlex21). BenFlex21 was initially planned to take place onboard the SA Agulhas II polar research ship but for technical reasons, that was not possible. The experiment was then re-planned to take place in the southern Benguela Upwelling System (sBUS) on a long-term observational line in St Helena Bay. The core goal of the experiment was to examine, through top-down Eddy Co-Variance and bottom-up in situ ocean observations, the hypothesis that small differences between the skin, foundation, and bulk temperatures are causing an underestimation of the air-sea flux of CO2 that can influence the magnitude of the global ocean sink (Watson et al., 2020; 1992; Woolf et al., 2017).

This dataset consists of surface underway measurements collected during container ship Jona Sophie SOOP cruises (EXPOCODEs 687B20190207, 687B20190210) in the coastal waters of North Africa, Strait of Gibraltar, and North Atlantic Ocean from 2019-02-07 to 2021-05-04. An automated underway seawater and low atmospheric CO2 molar fraction (xCO2) measurement system, developed by Craig Neill and commercialized by General Oceanics™, with additional sensors of temperature, salinity and oxygen, was installed inside the engine room of the JONA SOPHIE container ship (named as RENATE P before September 2021). The system combines an air and water equilibrator with an infrared analyzer for detection which produces comparable and high quality data sets (Pierrot et al., 2009). Measurements of xCO2 (ppm) in seawater with frequencies of 2–3 min were performed by extracting seawater from the ship's supply at flow rates greater than 60 Lmin–1 and passing it through a plexiglass equilibrator at flow rates ranging between 3 and 4 Lmin−1. The system also performs three xCO2 measurements in low atmosphere per hour used to compute atmospheric CO2 content. In both cases, a non-dispersive infrared analyzer built by LICOR® (initially the 6262 model and after October 2019, a 7000 model) were used for the detection of xCO2. Due to technical problems with the measurement equipment aboard the VOS, no temperature, salinity or xCO2 measurements were obtained during March 2019 (problems with water intake), during the second half of August 2019 (problems with LICOR flow) and on a limited number of return journeys from the port of Barcelona. The dataset allows the study of spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of surface ocean CO2 in the Strait of Gibraltar with unprecedented high resolution.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected during the ship of opportunity (SOOP) R/V Cruzeiro do Sul cruises in the South Atlantic Ocean from 2014-10-22 to 2014-10-30. These data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from M/S New Century 2 in the North Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean from 2021-01-12 to 2022-01-31. These data include absolute humidity, air temperature, air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, relative humidity, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and wind direction and speed. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, tandem (bubble+mixer) type equilibrator for autonomous CO2 measurement and thermosalinographs.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from M/S New Century 2 in the North Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean from 2019-01-16 to 2020-01-12. These data include absolute humidity, air temperature, air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, relative humidity, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and wind direction and speed. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous CO2 measurement and thermosalinographs.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from SA Agulhas I SANAE cruise in the Southern and South Atlantic Oceans from 2022-07-11 to 2023-12-02. These data include Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure. The Goodhope line between Cape Town, South and SANAE in Antarctica has been continuous sampled every summer (Dec-Feb) since 2008 from the SA Agulhas I (from 2008 to 2011) and SA Agulhas II since 2012. The purpose is to contribute to the global SOCAT quality controlled and gridded dataset is then used for the reconstructions of the CO2 flux in the Southern Ocean. This will continue at least annually in summer, occasional winter and spring lines.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from SA Agulhas II SANAE cruise in the Southern and South Atlantic Oceans from 2020-12-26 to 2021-03-04. These data include Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure. The Goodhope line between Cape Town, South and SANAE in Antarctica has been continuous sampled every summer (Dec-Feb) since 2008 from the SA Agulhas I (from 2008 to 2011) and SA Agulhas II since 2012. The purpose is to contribute to the global SOCAT quality controlled and gridded dataset is then used for the reconstructions of the CO2 flux in the Southern Ocean. This will continue at least annually in summer, occasional winter and spring lines.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected during the R/V Belgica cruise in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2023-06-15 to 2023-06-19. These data include Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure. This dataset contains continuous surface xCO2 measurements using the equilibrator based/CRDS Picarro G2201-i.