PARABOLA data were obtained at three GRSFE modeling sites in the Lunar Crater Volcanic Field. The playa site, the cobble site, and the mantled flow site. Each site was imaged by PARABOLA at a variety of solar incidence angles to characterize the scattering properties of the surface completely. This information can be used as a reference to correct airborne data from ASAS and AVIRIS from any lighting and viewing geometry, or as a base data set to test radiative transfer models. Six sets of data from the playa site were gathered primarily on July 17, 1989 with solar incidence angles that varied from 28 to 71 degrees. Five sets of cobble site data were gathered during the morning of July 18, 1989 with incidence angles from 19 to 57 degrees. Data from the mantled flow site was obtained six times during the afternoon of July 18 with incidence angles from 21 to 73 degrees. In all, over 1000 data points exist for each site to characterize its scattering properties. Additionally, an equal number of points exist for the sky above the sites.

Selected sites, including those areas chosen for calibration and modeling purposes, were photographed via helicopter-borne 70 mm stereophotography using the JPL Hasselblad system. The cameras were flown in August 1990. The images were made with color film (Kodak Aerochrome 2448 color reversal film). Some of the data have been reduced to vertical profiles and arrays at a spacing and accuracy required to meet topography requirements. These data cover approximately 10x20 meter square areas. For GRSFE archive Release V1.0, three profiles are located over or close to the mantled lava flow modeling site and one is located over the playa modeling site.

Selected sites, including those areas chosen for calibration and modeling purposes, were photographed via helicopter-borne 70 mm stereophotography using the JPL Hasselblad system. The cameras were flown in August 1990. The images were made with color film (Kodak Aerochrome 2448 color reversal film). Some of the data have been reduced to vertical profiles and arrays at a spacing and accuracy required to meet topography requirements. These data cover approximately 10x20 meter square areas. For GRSFE archive Release V1.0, three profiles are located over or close to the mantled lava flow modeling site and one is located over the playa modeling site.

AirMSPI_ImPACT-PM_Terrain-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data is an AirMSPI terrain-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the JPL and Caltech Imaging Polarimetric Assessment and Characterization of Tropospheric Particulate Matter (ImPACT-PM) flight campaign. AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) and include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering- and view meridian planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format. This release of AirMSPI data contains all targets acquired during the Imaging Polarimetric Assessment and Characterization of Tropospheric Particulate Matter (ImPACT-PM) flight campaign, which involved the ER-2 based out of Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, CA and a Navy Twin Otter flying the Caltech CIRPAS suite of instruments based out of Monterey, CA. The campaign was conducted to test a strategy to use multi-angle, spectro-polarimetric remote sensing to retrieve information on the distributions of atmospheric particle types, with emphasis on carbon-containing compounds, as a precursor to NASA’s Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols, an Earth Venture-Instrument currently in formulation. AirMSPI data were acquired from July 5 through July 8, 2016.

The Airborne Visible and Infared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data are divided into 10x10 square kilometer scenes for purposes of standard product generation. More than 40 scenes were generated during GRSFE, more than 20 of which are included on the CD-ROMs, covering a variety of surfaces. Lunar Crater was covered several times in one day (under clear atmospheric conditions) in order to evaluate atmospheric scattering and absorption removal algorithms and to explore extraction of roughness information using variable incidence angle AVIRIS data. The AVIRIS multi-temporal data were acquired at the same time that ground-based, multi-spectral measurements of atmospheric optical depth, and sky radiance at varying scattering angles were acquired, along with surface bidirectional reflectance data. Accurate wavelength calibration of AVIRIS was performed by JPL using laboratory measurements acquired before and after the AVIRIS flights. An additional check on the wavelength calibration can be made by comparing the positions of known atmospheric absorption features to their locations in actual AVIRIS data.

This data set was acquired during GRSFE with the Daedalus AA440 spectrafax instrument. The data set consists of over 500 data files. The values stored in each data file are raw instrument counts, which are proportional to radiance. The purpose of these measurements was to provide ground calibration for AVIRIS and ASAS data.

This data set was acquired during GRSFE with the Daedalus AA440 spectrafax instrument. The data set consists of over 500 data files. The values stored in each data file are raw instrument counts, which are proportional to radiance. The purpose of these measurements was to provide ground calibration for AVIRIS and ASAS data.

Near surface winds were studied at two sites on Lunar Lake Playa: (a) Lunar Lake North is at the northeast end of the playa, on a smooth clay-silt surface; and (b) Lunar Lake South is toward the center of the playa, just east of the area of prominent basalt gravel bars, on the playa. In addition to providing data on surface winds to GRSFE, these investigations will provide input to studies of the relationships between the radar backscatter and aeolian roughness characteristics of desert surfaces.

AirMSPI_ORACLES_Terrain-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data are AirMSPI Terrain-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) flight campaign. AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) also include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering and view meridional planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format. This release of AirMPSI data contains all targets acquired during the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) flight campaign, including the check-out and transit flights. ORACLES was based out of Walvis Bay, Namibia and focused on the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Namibia and Angola. AirMSPI was acquired from July 28 to October 6, 2016. More details about the ORACLES campaign and AirMSPI participation can be found at https://espo.nasa.gov/oracles (link is external).

A field differential Geopositional Satellite (GPS) survey team which included Jim Garvin, Jack Bufton, Bill Krabill, and Earl B. Frederick deployed a pair of Motorola Eagle II GPS receivers to the southern flanks of the feature known as Mars Hill (an alluvial boulder field superimposed on a major lobe of alluvial and colluvial material in Eastern Death Valley) on Oct. 19, 1989. The objective was to measure the 5-20 cm scale microrelief of the boulder field at pixel scales (30-50 m long transects), with vertical control to the few cm level. These microterrain profiles were to be used to help calibrate radar scattering models, and to compare with helicopter stereo data (FEXP-E-HSTP-4 RDR-TOPOGRAPHIC-PROF-V1.0) for the same location.