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Global Gravity Grids, Geoid Height and Gravity Anomaly Profiles
The entire collection of GEOSAT ERM (Nov.'86 - Dec. '89) data over land and ice regions is held at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). These data will yield reasonable elevation values for land and ice regions of gently varying elevation. This data collection should not be used in regions of highly variable terrain. This satellite altimeter data base contains precise geoid and gravity anomaly profiles which were constructed from the average of 66 repeat cycles of GEOSAT. The data were developed by Professor David T. Sandwell at the University of California in San Diego. The data are contained in two files: (1) geo66asc.bin (2,383,232records) contains the ascending profiles which run southeast to northwest between 72S and 72N, and (2) geo66des.bin (2,397,888 records) contains all of the descending profiles. The dataparameters in addition to time and location are geoid height, gravity anomaly, and uncertainty in gravity anomaly. GEOSAT 66 was updated in 1994 to include the 3rd and last year of data. Thus 66 repeat cycles of data are included in the AVERAGE profile calculation. This satellite altimeter data base was contributed by NOS/Geoscience Laboratory and contains data collected during the first 18 months of the original "Geodetic Mission" of the U.S. Navy Geodetic Satellite (GEOSAT). These digital data are in the form of geophysical data records (GDRs) which are described in NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-46. The data are observed over a tightly spaced (typically 2 or 3 km at 60 degrees latitude) ground track pattern, and are global in coverage. The Southern Ocean data contained in this subset of the original Geodetic Mission were declassified in 1990 and received at NGDC in mid 1991. GEOSAT GRAVITY ANOMALY GRID SOUTH OF 30 SOUTH K.M. Marks, DC McAdoo, and W.H.F. Smith The Geosciences Laboratory, ocean and Earth Sciences (NOAA), has produced a digital gravity anomaly grid computed from recently declassified Geosat Geodetic Mission data, combined with Exact Repeat Mission data, for the region between 30 S and 72 S latitudes. The grid spacing is 0.04 degrees in latitude, and 0.05 degrees in longitude. The grid file, g30_UNIX.BIN, is a binary file of two-byte signed integers, stored in raster scan line (bands of Latitude) order. There are 1051 scan lines with the first line at 30 S and the last at 72 S latitude. Each line has 7201 integers with the first element at 0 E longitude and the last element at 360 E longitude. Values equal to 32767 indicate land areas where Geosat gravity is unavailable; all other values should be multiplied by 0.01 to yield Free-Air Gravity anomalies in mGals. Data in g30__UNIX.BIN are in "normal" byte order (Sun, Mac, etc.); the equivalent file G30_DOS.DOS is in "swapped" byte order (DEC, PC, etc.). RAPP92: This data base was compiled by Dr. Richard H. Rapp, Ohio State University and was received in April, 1993. The data base consists of the following: One file containing a 0.125 degree grid of free-air gravity anomalies and their standard deviations between +/- 72 degrees latitude. The anomalies in the ocean areas have been derived from a combination of Geos-3, Seasat and Geosat altimeter data and the ETOP05U bathymetric data. Although gravity values are given for land areas they have been, primarily, computed from the OSU91A potential coefficient model that is complete to degree 360. One file containing a 0.125 degree gridded mean sea surface (in the mean tide system), in the same geographic region as the data given in the file above. One file containing 30-minute x 30-minute mean gravity anomalies and geoid undulations (in the tide free system), derived form OSU's 0.125 degree gridded point anomalies and geoid undulations. One file containing 1 degree x 1 degree mean gravity anomalies and geoid undulations (in the tide free system), as derived from the original gridded point values. Principal gravity parameters include mean gravity anomaly and mean geoid undulations. The gravity
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U.S. Geoid Heights (GEOID96)
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This 2' geoid height grid for the conterminous United States is the GEOID96 model. The computation used about 1.8 million terrestrial and marine gravity data held in the National Geodetic Survey gravity data base in July 1996. These data were augmented by gravity data contributions from NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency (former Defence Mapping Agency)). By means of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique, high frequency corrections were made to an underlying EGM96 geopotential model through a remove, compute, and restore process. The gravity values are based on the International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN71). The geoid heights are referred to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid. GEOID96 incorporates the reference system relationship between NAD 83(86) and ITRF94(1996.0), the datum offset of NAVD 88, and the contributions from 2951 GPS on leveled benchmarks. Additional information is available at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID/geoid.htmlWe are particularly grateful to NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency) for their assistance and their data contributions.
U.S. Geoid Heights, Scientific Model (G96SSS)
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This 2' geoid height grid for the conterminous United States is the G96SSS model. The computation used about 1.8 million terrestrial and marine gravity data held in the National Geodetic Survey gravity data base in July 1996. These data were augmented by gravity data contributions from NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency (former Defence Mapping Agency)). By means of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique, high frequency corrections were made to an underlying EGM96 geopotential model through a remove, compute, and restore process. The gravity values are based on the International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN71). The geoid heights are referred to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid. Unlike GEOID96, the G96SSS grid does not incorporate GPS on leveled benchmarks. The G96SSS model is a gravimetric geoid in a geocentric, ITRF94(1996.0) reference frame. It is necessary to subtract 12.0 cm from the G96SSS values to obtain the geoid undulation between the best-fit global geopotential surface and the GRS80 ellipsoid (both expressed in a tide free system). Additional information is available at: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov We are particularly grateful to NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency) for their assistance and their data contributions.
High Density GEOSAT/GM Altimeter Data
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The high density Geosat/GM altimeter data south of 30 S have finally arrived. In addition, ERS-1 has completed more than 6 cycles of its 35-day repeat track. These data provide a dramatically improved view of the marine gravity field.
U.S. Isostatic Residual Gravity Grid
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isores.bin - standard grid containing isostatic residual gravity map for U.S. Grid interval = 4 km. Projection is Albers (central meridian = 96 degrees West; base latitude = 0 degrees North). Sea level depth of compensation = 30.0 km, density contrast at depth = 0.35 g/cm^^3. Values are in milligals.
Alaska Geoid Heights (GEOID96)
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This 2' x 4' geoid height grid for Alaska is distributed as a GEOID96 model. The computation used 1.1 million terrestrial and marine gravity data held in the National Geodetic Survey gravity data base in July 1996 These data were augmented by gravity data contributions from NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency (former Defence Mapping Agency)). By means of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique, high frequency corrections were made to an underlying EGM96 geopotential model through a remove, compute, and restore process. The gravity values are based on the International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN71). The geoid heights are referred to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid. Unlike the grid for the conterminous United States, this GEOID96 grid does not incorporate GPS on leveled benchmarks. This model is a gravimetric geoid in a geocentric, ITRF94(1996.0) reference frame. It is necessary to subtract 12.0 cm from these values to obtain the geoid undulation between the best-fit global geopotential surface and the GRS80 ellipsoid (both expressed in a tide free system). Additional information is available at: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID/geoid.html We are particularly grateful to NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency) for their assistance and their data contributions.
Utah Bouguer Gravity Grid
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A 2.5 kilometer Bouguer anomaly grid for the state of Utah. Number of columns is 196 and number of rows is 245. The order of the data is from the lower left to the right and then up one row.
Maine Bouguer Gravity Grid
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A 2 kilometer Bouguer anomaly grid for the state of Maine. Number of columns is 197 and number of rows is 292. The order of the data is from the lower left to the right and then up one row.
Collection of Observed Gravity Values, Absolute Gravity Measurements, Grids and Other Derived Summary Data
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The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) of NOAA, in cooperation with the National Geodetic Survey of NOAA, have published a Gravity CD-ROM containing observed and derived gravity measurements. Contributions to this data compilation include many national and international organizations, in both academia and government. The compact disc contains almost 620 Mbytes of data, partitioned into 1486 files. Approximately 25 percent of the data are observed values -- regional station data collections (separated primarily by contributors) and absolute gravity measurements. Grids and other derived summary data sets represent another 65 percent of the data. The remaining 10 percent of the disc contains geopolitical base map reference data and software.
PR/VI Geoid Heights (GEOID96)
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This 2' geoid height grid for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands is distributed as a GEOID96 model. The computation used 26,000 terrestrial and marine gravity data held in the National Geodetic Survey gravity data base in July 1996 These data were augmented by gravity data contributions from NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency (former Defence Mapping Agency)). By means of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique, high frequency corrections were made to an underlying EGM96 geopotential model through a remove, compute, and restore process. The gravity values are based on the International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN71). The geoid heights are referred to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid. Unlike the grid for the conterminous United States, this GEOID96 grid does not incorporate GPS on leveled benchmarks. This model is a gravimetric geoid in a geocentric, ITRF94(1996.0) reference frame. It is necessary to subtract 12.0 cm from these values to obtain the geoid undulation between the best-fit global geopotential surface and the GRS80 ellipsoid (both expressed in a tide free system). Additional information is available at: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID/geoid.htmlWe are particularly grateful to NGA (former National Imagery and Mapping Agency) for their assistance and their data contributions.