The GPM Ground Validation UNCA Upper Air Radiosonde IPHEx dataset was collected from April 29, 2014 through June 12, 2014 during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) held in North Carolina. The goal of IPHEx was to characterize warm season orographic precipitation regimes and the relationship between precipitation regimes and hydrologic processes in regions of complex terrain. These radiosonde data files include pressure, geometric height, temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, wind direction, and wind speed measurements at various levels of the troposphere. The data are available in ASCII-tsv format files, and browse imagery are available as Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format files.

The GPM Ground Validation Kumpula Mast Meteorological Data LPVEx dataset is comprised of temperature, radiation, and wind measurements collected by the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations III (SMEAR III) Kumpula Mast in Helsinki, Finland. This occurred during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx) field campaign. This field campaign took place around the Gulf of Finland, aiming to provide additional high-latitude, light rainfall measurements for the improvement of GPM satellite precipitation algorithms. These meteorological dataset files are available from September 17 through October 21, 2010 in ASCII text format.

The GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Precipitaiton Radiometer (AMPR) MC3E dataset was collected by the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) instrument, which played a key role in the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The AMPR remotely sensed passive microwave signatures of geophysical parameters from an airborne platform. The instrument is a low noise system which provided multi-frequency microwave imagery with high spatial and temporal resolution. AMPR data were collected at a combination of four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) with two orientations each (Vpol-to-Hpol and Hpol-to-Vpol), which were complimentary to current aircraft and satellite instrumentation. These frequencies are best suited to the study of rain systems, but were also useful to studies of other atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface processes.

The GPM Ground Validation McGill W-Band Radar GCPEx dataset was collected from February 1, 2012 to February 29, 2012 at the CARE site in Ontario, Canada as a part of the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx). This datset was collected to aid in the achievement of the over arching goal of GCPEx which is to characterize the ability of multi-frequency active and passive microwave sensors to detect and estimate falling snow. The W-Band radar is a single antenna, 94-GHz pulsed Doppler, vertical pointing radar system. Data products from the W-Band radar include radar reflectivity, Doppler moments, and Doppler spectra of variable lengths. The W-Band radar is primarily used to research various cloud properties. The GPM Ground Validation McGill W-Band Radar GCPEx dataset is available in netCDF format.

The GPM Ground Validation Physicum Building Mast Meteorological Data LPVEx dataset consists of meteorological data (temperature, pressure, wind, precipitation, and radiation) collected from the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations III (SMEAR III) at the University of Helsinki’s Physicum building rooftop weather station in Helsinki, Finland. These data were collected during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx) field campaign that took place around the Gulf of Finland, aiming to provide additional high-latitude, light rainfall measurements for the improvement of GPM satellite precipitation algorithms. These meteorological data files are available from September 16 through October 22, 2010 in ASCII-CSV and ASCII text formats.

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA Surface Meteorological Station MC3E dataset was collected at the NOAA Southern Great Plains Facility for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) and includes measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity and precipitation. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The instruments gathering this data were respectively a propeller wind monitor located 10 meters above the ground, a temperature and humidity sensor at the ground, and a tipping rain gauge at the ground. These data were collected from April 5, 2011 to June 7, 2011.

The GPM Ground Validation NASA S-Band Dual Polarimetric (NPOL) Doppler Radar OLYMPEX V2 dataset consists of rain rate, reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar measurements obtained from the NPOL radar during the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) campaign. NPOL,developed by a research team from Wallops Flight Facility, is a fully transportable and self-contained S-band (10 cm), scanning dual-polarimetric Doppler research radar that was placed near the ocean on the Olympic Peninsula. Data files are available from November 5, 2015 thru January 15, 2016 in Universal Format (UF), with browse imagery files in PNG format containing corrected radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase, differential phase, co-polar correlation, and Doppler velocity images.

The GPM Ground Validation Environment Canada (EC) Passive Microwave Radiometer and Soil Moisture-Temperature Data GCPEx dataset is consisted of data during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) site in Ontario, Canada during the winter season 2011-2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. Data collected includes microwave brightness temperatures, snow and soil/snow-air interface (ground surface temperatures), soil surface temperatures, and soil volumetric water content. These data were acquired by multiple instruments: a passive microwave radiometer, a water content reflectometer, thermistors, soil moisture probe.

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA UHF 449 Profiler MC3E dataset was collected during the NASA supported Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The Ultra High Frequency 449 MHz profiler was one of three NOAA deployed instruments which also included a Parsivel and a 2.8 GHz profiler (S-Band). The 449 MHz profiler raw data files provide estimates of the vertical air motion during precipitation from near the surface to just below the freezing level. Used together with the S-band profiler, vertical profiles of raindrop size distributions can be retrieved. The raw 449MGx profiler data consists of uncalibrated Doppler velocity spectra data in units of relative power return.

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA Parsivel MC3E dataset was collected in central Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) from April 5, 2011 through June 6, 2011. The NOAA Parsivel dataset includes processed data consisting of either moment data (e.g., reflectivity and rain rate estimates) or raindrop number concentration estimates; the data provided a reference reflectivity to calibrate the S-band profiler during the experiment. The moment data includes 1-minute resolution estimates of rain rate, reflectivity, and other parameters related to the health of the Parsivel instrument. The raindrop number concentration data are also at 1-minute resolution and are the result of converting the observed raindrop passing the sensor into the number of raindrops expected in a unit volume per diameter interval. Both the moment data and the number concentration data were saved in daily files in ASCII format. Daily images were also generated from the Parsivel observations and contain the 1-minute reflectivity, rain rate, and number concentration N(D); browse images are saved in TIF format.