This spatial dataset consists of 219 1-kilometer (km) resolution grids depicting estimated agricultural use of 219 pesticides in 1997 for the conterminous United States. Each grid cell value in the national grids of this dataset is the estimated total kilograms (kg) of a pesticide applied to row crops, small grain crops and fallow land, pasture and hay crops, and orchard and vineyard crops within the 1- by 1-km area. Nonagricultural uses of pesticides are not included in this dataset. Of the 219 pesticidesrepresented in the grids, 96 are herbicides, 65 are insecticides, and 37 are fungicides. The remaining 21 compounds are composed of the category "other pesticides", which consist of fumigants, growth regulators, and defoliants. Although this dataset is referenced to 1997, it generally represents a composite of estimated pesticide use during the mid to late 1990s.

This spatial dataset consists of 219 1-kilometer (km) resolution grids depicting estimated agricultural use of 219 pesticides in 1997 for the conterminous United States. Each grid cell value in the national grids of this dataset is the estimated total kilograms (kg) of a pesticide applied to row crops, small grain crops and fallow land, pasture and hay crops, and orchard and vineyard crops within the 1- by 1-km area. Nonagricultural uses of pesticides are not included in this dataset. Of the 219 pesticidesrepresented in the grids, 96 are herbicides, 65 are insecticides, and 37 are fungicides. The remaining 21 compounds are composed of the category "other pesticides", which consist of fumigants, growth regulators, and defoliants. Although this dataset is referenced to 1997, it generally represents a composite of estimated pesticide use during the mid to late 1990s.

This spatial dataset consists of 199 1-kilometer (km) resolution grids depicting estimated agricultural use of 199 pesticides in 1992 for the conterminous United States. Each grid cell value in the national grids of this dataset is the estimated total kilograms (kg) of a pesticide applied to row crops, small grain crops and fallow land, pasture and hay crops, and orchard and vineyard crops within the 1- by 1-km area. Nonagricultural uses of pesticides are not included in this dataset. Of the 199 pesticides represented in the grids, 92 are herbicides, 58 are insecticides, and 32 are fungicides. The remaining 17 grids are composed of the category "other pesticides", which consists of fumigants, growth regulators, and defoliants. Although this data set is referenced to 1992, it generally represents a composite of estimated pesticide use during the early 1990s.

This spatial dataset consists of 199 1-kilometer (km) resolution grids depicting estimated agricultural use of 199 pesticides in 1992 for the conterminous United States. Each grid cell value in the national grids of this dataset is the estimated total kilograms (kg) of a pesticide applied to row crops, small grain crops and fallow land, pasture and hay crops, and orchard and vineyard crops within the 1- by 1-km area. Nonagricultural uses of pesticides are not included in this dataset. Of the 199 pesticides represented in the grids, 92 are herbicides, 58 are insecticides, and 32 are fungicides. The remaining 17 grids are composed of the category "other pesticides", which consists of fumigants, growth regulators, and defoliants. Although this data set is referenced to 1992, it generally represents a composite of estimated pesticide use during the early 1990s.

This dataset includes information for 220 pesticides on the average amount (pounds) applied to 87 agricultural crops and the acres of crops treated for counties within the conterminous United States. These data were derived by combining published state pesticide use coefficients published by the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy (NCFAP) and county harvested crop acres available from the 1997 Census of Agriculture. A description of the methods used to develop the county datbase is published in USGS OFR 00-250, "Method for Estimating Pesticide Use" and is available from: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of/ofr00250. Maps showing the geographic distribution of use for 219 compounds (BT was not mapped) are available from http://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/. The pesticide use estimates represent average usage patterns for the years 1995-1998 and do not represent a specific year. Key limitations of the data include: (1) state use coefficients represent an average for the entire state and consequently do not reflect the local variability of pesticide management practices found within states and counties, (2) pesticide use estimates are not for a specific year, but represent typical use patterns for a four year period, (3) state pesticide use coefficients may not have been available for all states where a pesticide may have been applied to agricultural land and therefore are not included, and (4) the county crop acreage is based on the 1997 Census of Agriculture and may not represent all crop acreage due to Census nondisclosure rules.

This dataset includes information for 220 pesticides on the average amount (pounds) applied to 87 agricultural crops and the acres of crops treated for counties within the conterminous United States. These data were derived by combining published state pesticide use coefficients published by the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy (NCFAP) and county harvested crop acres available from the 1997 Census of Agriculture. A description of the methods used to develop the county datbase is published in USGS OFR 00-250, "Method for Estimating Pesticide Use" and is available from: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of/ofr00250. Maps showing the geographic distribution of use for 219 compounds (BT was not mapped) are available from http://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/. The pesticide use estimates represent average usage patterns for the years 1995-1998 and do not represent a specific year. Key limitations of the data include: (1) state use coefficients represent an average for the entire state and consequently do not reflect the local variability of pesticide management practices found within states and counties, (2) pesticide use estimates are not for a specific year, but represent typical use patterns for a four year period, (3) state pesticide use coefficients may not have been available for all states where a pesticide may have been applied to agricultural land and therefore are not included, and (4) the county crop acreage is based on the 1997 Census of Agriculture and may not represent all crop acreage due to Census nondisclosure rules.

This data release provides estimates of annual agricultural use of pesticide compounds in counties of the conterminous United States, for years 2013-17, compiled by means of methods described in Thelin and Stone (2013) and Baker and Stone (2015). For all States except California, U.S. Department of Agriculture county-level data for harvested-crop acreage were used in conjunction with proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate county-level pesticide use. Where Crop Reporting District data were not available or were incomplete, estimated pesticide-use values were calculated with two different methods, resulting in a low and a high estimate based on different assumptions about missing survey data (Thelin and Stone, 2013). Pesticide-use data for California for 2013-17 were obtained from the online Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR–PUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, variously dated). The California county data were appended after the estimation process was completed for the rest of the Nation. Estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files, organized by compound, year, state Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county Federal Information Processing Standard code, and amount in kilograms (kg). This data release contains estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for 2013-17 along with associated metadata. This data release is a continuation of the 1992-2009 pesticide-use estimates reported by Stone (2013) and the 2008-2012 pesticide-use estimates reported by Baker and Stone (2015). Tables of annual agricultural pesticide use estimates for 1992-2012 are available for download on the Pesticide National Synthesis Project (PNSP) webpage: https://doi.org/doi:10.5066/F7NP22KM. Beginning 2015, the provider of the surveyed pesticide data used to derive the county-level use estimates discontinued making estimates for seed treatment application of pesticides because of complexity and uncertainty. Pesticide-use estimates prior to 2015 include estimates with seed treatment application. Data for some compounds were missing from the version 1 estimates. Pesticide use estimates for compounds with missing data have been updated in version 2.0. First posted November 26, 2019 Revised May 27, 2020, ver. 2.0 References cited: Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2015, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2008–12: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 907, 9 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ds907. California Department of Pesticide Regulation, variously dated, Pesticide use reporting (PUR): California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR), Pesticide Use Report Data (PUR archives pur2013.zip, pur2014.zip, pur2015.zip, pur2016.zip, pur2017.zip), accessed June 26, 2019, at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/purmain.htm. Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 752, 1-p. pamphlet, 14 tables, accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/752/. Thelin, G.P., and Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimation of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5009, 54 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5009/.

This data release provides estimates of annual agricultural use of pesticide compounds in counties of the conterminous United States, for years 2013-17, compiled by means of methods described in Thelin and Stone (2013) and Baker and Stone (2015). For all States except California, U.S. Department of Agriculture county-level data for harvested-crop acreage were used in conjunction with proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate county-level pesticide use. Where Crop Reporting District data were not available or were incomplete, estimated pesticide-use values were calculated with two different methods, resulting in a low and a high estimate based on different assumptions about missing survey data (Thelin and Stone, 2013). Pesticide-use data for California for 2013-17 were obtained from the online Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR–PUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, variously dated). The California county data were appended after the estimation process was completed for the rest of the Nation. Estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files, organized by compound, year, state Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county Federal Information Processing Standard code, and amount in kilograms (kg). This data release contains estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for 2013-17 along with associated metadata. This data release is a continuation of the 1992-2009 pesticide-use estimates reported by Stone (2013) and the 2008-2012 pesticide-use estimates reported by Baker and Stone (2015). Tables of annual agricultural pesticide use estimates for 1992-2012 are available for download on the Pesticide National Synthesis Project (PNSP) webpage: https://doi.org/doi:10.5066/F7NP22KM. Beginning 2015, the provider of the surveyed pesticide data used to derive the county-level use estimates discontinued making estimates for seed treatment application of pesticides because of complexity and uncertainty. Pesticide-use estimates prior to 2015 include estimates with seed treatment application. Data for some compounds were missing from the version 1 estimates. Pesticide use estimates for compounds with missing data have been updated in version 2.0. First posted November 26, 2019 Revised May 27, 2020, ver. 2.0 References cited: Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2015, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2008–12: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 907, 9 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ds907. California Department of Pesticide Regulation, variously dated, Pesticide use reporting (PUR): California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR), Pesticide Use Report Data (PUR archives pur2013.zip, pur2014.zip, pur2015.zip, pur2016.zip, pur2017.zip), accessed June 26, 2019, at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/purmain.htm. Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 752, 1-p. pamphlet, 14 tables, accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/752/. Thelin, G.P., and Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimation of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5009, 54 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5009/.

This data release provides preliminary estimates of annual agricultural use of pesticide compounds in counties of the conterminous United States, for the year 2019, compiled by means of methods described in Thelin and Stone (2013) and Baker and Stone (2015). For all States except California, U.S. Department of Agriculture county-level data for harvested-crop acreage were used in conjunction with proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate county-level pesticide use. Where Crop Reporting District data were not available or were incomplete, estimated pesticide-use values were calculated with two different methods, resulting in a low and a high estimate based on different assumptions about missing survey data (Thelin and Stone, 2013). Pesticide-use data for California were obtained from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR–PUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, written commun., 2020). The California county data were appended after the estimation process was completed for the rest of the Nation. Preliminary estimates in this dataset may be revised upon availability of updated crop acreages in the 2022 Agricultural Census, expected to be published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2024. Estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files, organized by compound, year, state Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county FIPS code, and amount in kilograms. Tables of annual agricultural pesticide-use estimates beginning in 1992 are available for download on the Pesticide National Synthesis Project webpage: https://doi.org/doi:10.5066/F7NP22KM. Beginning in 2019, estimates are reported for a reduced number of compounds. References cited: Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2015, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2008–12: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 907, 9 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ds907. Thelin, G.P., and Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimation of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5009, 54 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5009/.

This data release provides preliminary estimates of annual agricultural use of pesticide compounds in counties of the conterminous United States, for the year 2019, compiled by means of methods described in Thelin and Stone (2013) and Baker and Stone (2015). For all States except California, U.S. Department of Agriculture county-level data for harvested-crop acreage were used in conjunction with proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate county-level pesticide use. Where Crop Reporting District data were not available or were incomplete, estimated pesticide-use values were calculated with two different methods, resulting in a low and a high estimate based on different assumptions about missing survey data (Thelin and Stone, 2013). Pesticide-use data for California were obtained from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR–PUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, written commun., 2020). The California county data were appended after the estimation process was completed for the rest of the Nation. Preliminary estimates in this dataset may be revised upon availability of updated crop acreages in the 2022 Agricultural Census, expected to be published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2024. Estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files, organized by compound, year, state Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county FIPS code, and amount in kilograms. Tables of annual agricultural pesticide-use estimates beginning in 1992 are available for download on the Pesticide National Synthesis Project webpage: https://doi.org/doi:10.5066/F7NP22KM. Beginning in 2019, estimates are reported for a reduced number of compounds. References cited: Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2015, Estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2008–12: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 907, 9 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at https://doi.org/10.3133/ds907. Thelin, G.P., and Stone, W.W., 2013, Estimation of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 1992–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5009, 54 p., accessed July 12, 2015, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5009/.