These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water samples at public water systems identified to have perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples, and provide a review of the analytical results. The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources will use this data to determine the potential risk to public health from PFAS contamination in these public water systems.

This data release includes concentrations of 24 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and physical properties of water-quality samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at 64 selected sites in rivers and streams in Massachusetts over three rounds of sampling. The samples were collected from August to November 2020 when streamflow conditions were below normal (also considered to be base-flow conditions) at rivers and streams in urban areas that receive treated wastewater from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities, and in rural rivers and streams that are not associated with municipal wastewater discharges and may have other source inputs of PFAS. The measured physical properties include water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity and the quality-control data from blanks, replicates, laboratory control samples, and laboratory spike samples are provided. The physical properties, along with all of the discrete water-quality PFAS data, except the quality-control data, are also available online from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS) database (https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). This data release is structured as a set of tab-delimited (.txt) files.The metadata includes descriptions of files: Site_Information.txt, Abbreviations_and_Remark_Codes.txt, and Analysis_Information.txt. This data release also includes a Data Dictionary (Data_Dictionary.txt) that is used to describe environmental sample data (Environmental_Data.txt), and Quality Control field and laboratory blank data (QC_Blanks.txt), field and laboratory replicate data (QC_Replicates.txt), and laboratory control sample and spike data (QC_Laboratory_Control_Samples_and_Spikes.txt).

Data were collected at 60 surface water and two effluent sites across Iowa in 2019-2020 by staff from the U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center. Samples were submitted to the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado, and were analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Samples for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were collected from 10 domestic wells to assess the extent to which PFAS is coming from the groundwater aquifer or from another source within the home. Specific objectives included: 1. Collect well construction information; 2. Collect samples for analysis of PFAS directly from the aquifer at domestic wells; 3. Collect samples for analysis of PFAS from two locations within the home to compare with samples collected directly from the aquifer; 4. Quality Assure all data in accordance with USGS policies; and 5. Release data to the public as a citable USGS Data Release. Description of Available Datasets: These data are available in Excel (.xlsx) files that contain water-quality and quality-assurance results. The Excel files are duplicated as tab-delimited text files to increase accessibility to nonproprietary formats. The files titled VDH_PFAS_Results contain analytical results and field measurements for samples collected from 10 locations in Virginia. The files titled VDH_PFAS_Quality_Assurance contain associated equipment blanks, field blanks, lab blanks, and replicates used for quality control. Lab blanks are used to assess contamination imparted by the analytical process. Equipment blanks were used to assess possible contamination from sampling equipment. Field blanks were collected using certified analyte-free water at each environmental sample and used to assess possible cross contamination from sampling materials and sampling technique in the field. Field replicates were collected concurrently with the environmental sample and used to understand the variability of results. The attached XML file titled VDH_PFAS_Metadata contains metadata explaining the provenance of the data and should be thoroughly read to understand data structure and limitations. The files titled VDH_PFAS_Data_Dictionary may be used as a reference to explain codes, terms, and abbreviations used in these datasets. The files titled VDH_PFAS_Ongoing_Precision_and_Recovery contain quality assurance samples reported by the laboratory which establishes additional confidence in results over time. Sample Collection, Data Validation, and Quality Assurance: Ten homes were sampled as part of this project and at each location domestic wells were the main source of water. At each home, one sample was collected directly from the aquifer by accessing the well and using pre-cleaned, PFAS-free sampling equipment. Field measurements (pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity) were collected in a flow-through cell and recorded with the well sample, before contact with in-house plumbing and before treatment. One sample was collected at the main point of use within the home (typically the kitchen faucet). One sample was collected at an intermediate location within the homes plumbing system located between the well and kitchen faucet. Analyte concentrations were compared between sampling locations within the homes plumbing system to assess the contribution of PFAS from the aquifer and understand possible contribution of PFAS from the homes pluming system. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 533 (Rosenblum and Wendelken, 2019) was used to determine PFAS concentrations in all samples. Samples were analyzed at SGS Wilmington in North Carolina. Reporting and detection levels for PFAS results are specific to the analyte, sample matrix, instrumentation, and laboratory performance. Results throughout this dataset that are reported with a less than qualifier represent values that were not detected above the reporting level for that sample and specific analyte. The reporting levels shown in this dataset are synonymous with the minimum reporting level as defined by Rosenblum and Wendelken (2019). A combination of field blanks, laboratory method blanks, carbon-13 labelled internal standard compound recoveries, and ongoing precision and recovery samples were used to assess field techniques and

This data release provides the concentration results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected on French Island, in the town of Campbell, Wisconsin, sampled quarterly beginning in 2021. These samples were collected from groundwater wells (potable and non-potable taps) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC). Three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified laboratories were contracted to analyze samples for this study. Samples from the first sampling in 2021, were analyzed by SGS Axys Analytical Services Laboratory (SGS Axys) in British Columbia, Canada. Samples from the second sampling in 2021 were analyzed at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Subsequent samples were analyzed at Northern Lake Service, Inc. (NLS), Crandon, Wisconsin. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). UMESC used three analytical labs because of the dynamic nature of sampling needs and design that shifted from an initial determination of water-supply contamination to a quarterly sampling scheme. The initial laboratory (SGS Axys) was selected because of an existing contract for PFAS tissue analysis for research that allowed for rapid submission and results. The second laboratory (WSLH) was selected to meet Wisconsin PFAS monitoring criteria and improve sample delivery within the U.S. The third laboratory (NLS) was selected using the USGS acquisitions contract process to find a certified laboratory to accomplish the long-term monitoring sampling plan. All three laboratories were selected from the EPA list of PFAS certified laboratories. This version 2.0 data release updates the results table with more quarterly results for samples collected March 28, 2023-March 19, 2024. The full dataset lists quarterly sampling results collected between February 4, 2021-March 19, 2024. Revision history First release: December 2023 Revision 2.0: March 2025 Table titles including 'v2' are the version 2.0 files.

This dataset consists of summary data for potential landscape sources of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These summary items include facilities from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PFAS Analytics Tools, which were pulled from its Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), areas affected by fires (burned and urban burned areas) from Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), and landcover data from National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) and Coastal Change Analysis Portal (C-CAP) around sites sampled as part of a National PFAS Tapwater Reconnaissance. These data are presented as a comma separated file, which includes summaries for all variables listed within a 5-kilometer buffer around each site, with an additional summary of burn areas within a 50-kilometer buffer. The purpose of this effort is to identify and quantify PFAS in drinking water sources at the point-of-use across the United States (US) and these data will be used to identify potential landscape-scale drivers of PFAS contamination in US tapwater (TW).

The USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center (USGS PAWSC) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) has assembled this data release in support of ongoing USGS and PADEP evaluations related to the occurrence and distribution of Per-and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) within Pennsylvania surface water. The data is of four general types: 1. Discrete sample (one moment in time) PFAS concentration data from untreated surface water (raw stream and raw lake water) intended to describe environmental occurrence and distribution of PFAS, not to assess risk in drinking water; 2. Quality-control (QC) PFAS data from samples intended to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of PFAS data collection from surface water; 3. Passive sampler (time weighted average) PFAS concentration data intended to describe a monthly average of PFAS concentrations at a single site, and finally; 4. Site locations and characteristics for each sampling site within the Pennsylvania Surface Water Quality Network (WQN) information that is presented for future interpretations of this data. Passive water samplers, unlike traditional discrete samples, can be deployed to collect data for several weeks at a time. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) use microporous membranes to sample hydrophilic contaminants. Eighteen POCIS were deployed for approximately one month during August and September 2019 to monitor PFAS. Six quality control samples were also collected with the environmental samples. More information about passive sampling can be found at the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center website Passive Sampling Using SPMDs and POCIS. The USGS PAWSC has partnered with PADEP to operate the Pennsylvania Surface Water Quality Network (WQN) since 2002. Pennsylvania uses information produced from this partnership to evaluate trends in water quality, collect data to inform current or future permitting, to assess water for the Federal Clean Water Act Sections 303(d) and 305(b), and to evaluate emerging science topics, such as PFAS. This study used adapted-USGS surface-water sampling techniques to provide information on PFAS and PFAS precursor concentrations in surface water. The information presented herein is relevant to the PADEP, other state and federal agencies, local water resource managers, and the public. The outcomes of this data collection are: - A total of 303 samples (discrete, passive, qc) samples were collected and analyzed for this data collection effort. 180 discrete samples were collected at USGS & WQN surface water stations, with 36 QC samples, were analyzed at SGS AXYS Analytical (British Columbia, Canada) for 33 PFAS compounds and 19 PFAS precursor compounds (52 total PFAS-related analytes). 18 sites were concurrently sampled with POCIS passive samplers and 6 QC samples were collected with passive samplers that were analyzed at SGS AXYS Analytical only for the 33 PFAS compounds (not for PFAS precursor compounds). A total of 15 additional samples were analyzed by the PA DEP Bureau of Laboratories for 18 PFAS compounds to compare PFAS concentrations between two analytical methods. Finally, 48 equipment-cleaning QC blanks were collected and analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory for 34 PFAS to evaluate cleaning effectiveness for future USGS and PA DEP studies. - Modified USGS stream sampling protocols were determined to be reliable for sampling ng/L (parts per trillion, ppt) levels of PFAS. Insights gained will be used to inform updates the USGS National Field Manual for the Collection of Water Quality Samples. - This first-of-its-kind PFAS dataset will improve understanding of PFAS distribution, to an extent, across the State of Pennsylvania landscape. - Inform future PFAS and ancillary data collection. - Provide PADEP Bureau of Laboratories and the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory with surface water samples to support method validation efforts. - This data will

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water samples at selected public water systems in West Virginia identified to have detections for PFAS above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples (McAdoo and others, 2022). These data are stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) but are not available to the public from that platform because West Virginia State Law §22-26-4, and USGS policy concerning the release of sensitive water related information, prohibits the release of public water system infrastructure location information. This USGS data release serves as the public release of available data for this project and provides a reference location for all users. Description of Available Datasets: These data are available in Excel (.xlsx) files that contain water-quality and quality-assurance results. The Excel files are duplicated as tab-delimited text files to increase accessibility to nonproprietary formats. The files titled WVDEP_PFAS_FinishedWater_Results contain analytical results for PFAS in drinking water collected at 107 sites located in West Virginia. The files titled WVDEP_PFAS_FinishedWater_Quality_Assurance contain associated field blanks, lab blanks, and replicates used for quality control. Lab blanks are used to assess contamination imparted by the analytical process. Field blanks were collected using certified analyte-free water at the sampling point and used to assess possible cross contamination from sampling materials and sampling technique in the field. Field replicates were collected concurrently with the environmental sample and used to understand the variability of results. The attached XML file titled WVDEP_PFAS_FinishedWater_Metadata contains metadata explaining the provenance of the data and should be thoroughly read to understand data structure and limitations. The files titled WVDEP_PFAS_FinishedWater_Data_Dictionary may be used as a reference to explain codes, terms, and abbreviations used in these datasets. The files titled WVDEP_PFAS_Ongoing_Precision_and_Recovery contain quality assurance samples reported by the laboratory which establishes additional confidence in results over time. Sample Collection, Data Validation, and Quality Assurance: Samples were collected at each public water system’s main finished-water sampling point. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 533 (Rosenblum and Wendelken, 2019) and EPA Method 537.1 (Shoemaker, 2020) were used to determine PFAS concentrations in all samples. Samples were analyzed at SGS Wilmington in North Carolina. Reporting and detection levels for PFAS results are specific to the analyte, sample matrix, instrumentation, and laboratory performance. Results throughout this dataset that are reported with a "less than" qualifier represent values that were not detected above the reporting level for that sample and specific analyte. The reporting levels shown in this dataset are synonymous with the minimum reporting level as defined by Rosenblum and Wendelken (2019). A combination of field blanks, laboratory method blanks, isotopically labeled compound recoveries, and ongoing precision and recovery samples were used to assess field techniques and validity of the reported results. Finished water results recorded in the file titled WV_PFAS_Finished_Water_Results met all quality assurance criteria, and no additional qualification was required. References: McAdoo, M.A., Connock, G.T., and Messinger, T., 2022, Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5067, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225067. Rosenblum, L., and Wendelken, S.C., 2019, Method 533, Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water by isotope dilution anion exchange

This part of the data release contains the water-use withdrawal data in the Permian Basin in Texas aggregated by county for the categories of irrigation, livestock, mining, and domestic. These digital data accompany Valder, J.F., McShane, R.R., Thamke, J.N., McDowell, J.S., Ball, G.P, Houston, N.A., and Galanter, A.E., Estimates of Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 1980–2019, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215090.

Source water for West Virginia’s public water systems is pumped from groundwater aquifers or withdrawn from the state’s rivers and lakes. These systems provide drinking water to a majority of the state’s population and require constant monitoring for known and emerging contaminants. Groundwater contamination from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has occurred in West Virginia around industrial facilities and military installations. To understand the potential impact of PFAS contamination in the state’s source waters, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) and West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (WVDHHR) required information on the state-wide distribution of the contaminant. From May 2019 through May 2021, samples of un-treated water were collected from raw-water supplies at 279 public water systems in West Virginia. Parameters collected at the time of sampling included pH, specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and alkalinity. Samples were analyzed at the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory for several inorganic analytes including major ions, trace elements, and nutrients. Samples were also analyzed for 28 PFAS compounds at a contract laboratory that is accredited under the Department of Defense (DoD) Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program for PFAS analysis compliant with DoD Quality Systems Manual table B15. These data are stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) but are not available to the public from that platform because West Virginia State Law §22-26-4 and USGS policy concerning the release of sensitive water related information prohibits the release of public water system infrastructure location information. This USGS data release serves as the public release of available data and provides a reference location for associated reports.