This map service represents modeled streamflow metrics from the end-of-century time period (2070-2099) in the United States. In addition to standard NHD attributes, the streamflow datasets include \nmetrics on mean daily flow (annual and seasonal), flood levels \nassociated with 1.5-year, 10-year, and 25-year floods; annual and \ndecadal minimum weekly flows and date of minimum weekly flow, center of \nflow mass date; baseflow index, and average number of winter floods. These files and additional information are available on the project website, https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/modeled_stream_flow_metrics.shtml. Streams without flow metrics (null values) were removed from this dataset to improve display speed; to see all stream lines, use an NHD flowline dataset.,

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release includes locations for 12,422 USGS streamgages as indexed along the network of streams (flowlines) in NHDPlus Version 2.1 (NHDPlus v2, Moore and Dewald, 2016). The dataset is one of two datasets developed for the Streamgage Watershed InforMation (SWIM) project. This dataset, which is referred to as “SWIM streamgage locations,” was created in support of the second dataset of basin characteristics and disturbance indexes. The streamgages are located in the conterminous United States and have a minimum record length of 20 years of daily streamflow values or at least 20 years of peak flows (USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, U.S. Geological Survey, 2016). This dataset has a total of 13,248 streamgages, 826 of which could not be indexed to NHDPlus v2.1. A custom ArcGIS tool was programmed to conduct linear referencing, which moved each point representing a streamgage to intersect with the nearest flowline and calculated the measure along the segment (expressed as a percentage from its downstream end). The tool then performed a series of automated tests to identify potentially inaccurate locations that were, in turn, individually checked. Comments collected during multiple levels of review were retained in raw form to aid future decisions about the accuracy of the streamgage locations along the medium-resolution (1:100,000-scale) NHDPlus stream segments. The results include the unique flowline identifier (COMID) and measure along the flowline, the reach code and measure along its reach (stream feature that consists of one or more flowlines), review notes, plus the latitude and longitude of the stream-referenced location for each streamgage. This designated position along the NHDPlus network may also be referred to as the hydrographic address of the streamgage. References: Falcone, J.A., 2011, GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046617 Moore, R.B., and Dewald, T.G., 2016, The Road to NHDPlus — Advancements in digital stream networks and associated catchments: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12389 U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, accessed October 2016, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN

Hydrologic indicator statistics were computed for 82 selected surface water sites located throughout Minnesota using daily streamflow data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS). The 187 hydrologic indicator statistics were computed in RStudio version 3.5.0 using the EflowStats version 5.0.0 (Mills and Blodgett, 2017) and NWCCompare version 5.0 (Blodgett, 2017). The computed hydrologic indicator statistics encompass the five components of hydrologic conditions: magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change. Magnitude is the amount of water moving past a fixed location in a given unit of time. Frequency refers to how often streamflows above a given magnitude recur over a specified time interval. Duration is the period of time associated with a specific streamflow condition. Timing refers to the regularity with which streamflows of a given magnitude occur, and rate of change refers to how quickly the magnitude of streamflow changes (Poff and others, 1997). Site selection was based on sites previously selected in three other studies evaluating long-term streamflow records for trends (Novatny and Stefan, 2007; Peterson, Nieber, and Kanivetsky, 2011; Ziegeweid et.al, 2015). Nontrend sites were shown to not have trends in streamflow that were not related to precipitation. Hydrologic indicator statistics were computed for two periods: 1) the pre-period from 10-1-1944 through 9-30-1979 and 2) the post-period from 10-1-1980 through 9-30-2015. Exact dates of the start of trends varied among sites, but 1980 was the selected cutoff period based on an approximation of the largest cluster and on other anecdotal evidence of changes in farming practices. Both categories also had at least 10 water years with complete streamflow data. Blodgett, D., 2017, NWCCompare: Returns NWC comparison stats for two daily data sets version 5.0, https://github.com/USGS-R/NWCCompare. Mills, J., and Blodgett, D., 2017, EflowStats: Hydrologic Indicator and Alterations Stats version 5.0.0, https://github.com/USGS-R/EflowStats. Novotny, E.V., and Stefan, H.G., 2007, Stream flow in Minnesota: Indicator of climate change, Journal of Hydrology 334: 319-333. Peterson, H.M., Nieber, J.L., and Kanivetsky, R., 2011, Hydrologic regionalization to assess anthropogenic changes, Journal of Hydrology 408: 212-225. Ziegeweid, J.R., Lorenz, D.L., Sanocki, C.A., and Czuba, C.R., 2015, Methods for estimating flow-duration curve and low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged locations on small streams in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5170, 23 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155170.

This dataset contains modeled hourly streamflow in cubic meters per second at each of about eighteen thousand selected operational and water-quality stream gage locations. It was assembled from publicly available retrospective V2.1 National Water Model outputs (See NWM Retrospective source info). The streamflow variable was extracted from model output files and the data were reshaped to optimize read performance. The stream gage locations were derived from several ongoing USGS project gages for evaluation of streamflow, water quality, and real-time monitoring, however only National Water Model identifiers and NHDPlusV2.1 catchment outlet locations (as contained in the National Water Model output files) are used to identify model results. Relationships between U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information Service gages and National Water Model prediction locations were not reviewed for release at the time of publication of this data. Please contact the author for up-to-date information. All processing resources used for data reformatting and extraction can be found in this repository: https://code.usgs.gov/water/nwm_subset. This supporting code also contains Docker images that are capable of processing real-time National Water Model outputs into similar formats as this dataset and provide data services via the THREDDS Data Server. The retrospective is available in one NetCDF file. These data conform to the NetCDF-CF Discrete Sampling Geometry conventions. The retrospective data are available from public cloud data outlets (such as: https://noaa-nwm-retrospective-2-1-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html). More information on these data is available from the Office of Water Prediction National Water Model page here: https://water.noaa.gov/about/nwm. Additional release notes are available here: https://www.weather.gov/media/notification/pdf2/scn20-119nwm_v2_1aad.pdf. This pdf has been archived with this data release.

This tabular data set represents PRISM 30-year average Potential Evapotranspiration, 1971-2000 compiled for two spatial components of the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusv2) for the conterminous United States; 1) individual reach catchments and 2) reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network. This dataset can be linked to the NHDPlus version 2 data suite by the unique identifier COMID. The source data for the PRISM 30-year average Potential Evapotranspiration, 1971-2000 was produced by Hamon, 1961; DiLuzio and others, 2008. Units are millimeters per year. It should be noted this data set is discontinued and available only by contacting the PRISM Group at Oregon State University directly. Reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale. Reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network characterizes cumulative upstream conditions. Network-accumulated values are computed using two methods, 1) divergence-routed and 2) total cumulative drainage area. Both approaches use a modified routing database to navigate the NHDPlus reach network to aggregate (accumulate) the metrics derived from the reach catchment scale. (Schwarz and Wieczorek, 2018).

U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior - The annual Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) stewardship plan is to maintain watershed boundary data through usage of WBD edit tools over the United States and its territories. WBD for the Nation has been collected and is now in maintenance mode. Interested parties who wish to become a stewardship partner with the USGS in FY20 or in future years should contact a USGS Geospatial Liaison - https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/user-engagement-office. To find out more about watershed boundary stewardship go to https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography/watershed-boundary-dataset

This data release contains the standard statistical suite (version 1.0) daily streamflow performance benchmark results for the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS) version 1 "byObs" calibration with Muskingum routing computed at streamflow benchmark locations defined by Foks and others (2022). Model error was determined by evaluating predicted daily mean streamflow versus observed daily mean streamflow using various statistics; the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), the logNSE, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the ratio of the standard deviation, the percent bias, the percent bias in flow duration curve midsegment slope, the percent bias in the flow duration curve high-segment volume, and the percent bias in flow duration curve low-segment volume. Two climatological KGE benchmarks are included that are calculated using daily mean streamflow observations and interannual daily mean or median flows. Additionally, KGE uncertainty estimates have been added as a separate csv file including the standard error of jackknife, standard error of bootstrap, the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of the estimates, the jackknife score, the bias of jackknife, the bias of bootstrap, and the standard error of jackknife after bootstrap.

This data release contains the standard statistical suite (version 1.0) daily streamflow performance benchmark results for the National Water Model Retrospective (v2.1) at streamflow benchmark locations defined by Foks and others (2022). Modeled hourly timesteps were converted to mean daily timesteps. Model error was determined by evaluating predicted daily mean streamflow versus observed daily mean streamflow using various statistics; the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), the logNSE, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the ratio of the standard deviation, the percent bias, the percent bias in flow duration curve midsegment slope, the percent bias in the flow duration curve high-segment volume, and the percent bias in flow duration curve low-segment volume. Two climatological KGE benchmarks are included that are calculated using daily mean streamflow observations and interannual daily mean or median flows. Additionally, KGE uncertainty estimates have been added as a separate csv file including the standard error of jackknife, standard error of bootstrap, the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of the estimates, the jackknife score, the bias of jackknife, the bias of bootstrap, and the standard error of jackknife after bootstrap.

This data release contains the input used and the output files interpreted in the publication "Refinement of a Regression-Based Method for Prediction of Flow-Duration Curves of Daily Streamflow in the Conterminous United States". This data release contains daily streamflow data for 1,378 streamgages in 19 study regions in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) from October 1, 1980 through September 30, 2013 from mostly undisturbed watersheds. This data release also contains the empirical flow-duration curves (FDCs) derived from this daily streamflow data, presented as 27 quantiles ranging from 0.02 to 99.98 percent nonexceedance probabilities. Selected basin characteristics from the GAGES-II dataset (https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?gagesII_Sept2011) were transformed to reduce skewness and to convert to a similar range of values and then used, directly or in the construction of additional variables, to fit regression equations for predicting FDCs. Basin characteristic selection and transformation was performed separately for each study region. The basin characteristics considered for use in candidate regression models are presented in their original units and as their transformed values; a table specifying the variable transformations is also provided. To each group of gaged basins in each region with one basin left out, a regression model selection procedure, with four or five binary methodological choices thus 16 or 32 methodological combinations, was applied to select the best regression model for each contiguous group of FDC quantiles (called here a “flow regime”). This data release provides the definitions of the selected flow regimes, the regression model parameters, goodness-of-fit statistics of the fitted models, and predicted FDCs for the gaged basin that was left out for the selected FDC regression models for each of the methodological combinations.

This tabular data set represents estimated 30-year (1971-2000) average annual runoff in millimeters per year compiled for two spatial components of the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusv2) for the conterminous United States; 1) individual reach catchments and 2) reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network. This dataset can be linked to the NHDPlus version 2 data suite by the unique identifier COMID. The source data was compiled by the United States Geological Survey (USGS, Dave Wolock written commun., 2012) based on based on flow measured at streamgages as described in Brakebill and others (2011). Units are millimeters per year. Reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale. Reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network characterizes cumulative upstream conditions. Network-accumulated values are computed using two methods, 1) divergence-routed and 2) total cumulative drainage area. Both approaches use a modified routing database to navigate the NHDPlus reach network to aggregate (accumulate) the metrics derived from the reach catchment scale. (Schwarz and Wieczorek, 2018).