LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas is determined via a set of linear equations relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBH. Linear equations for these calculations are derived from Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) scenario outputs. In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Forest Canopy Height (CH) describes the average height of the top of the canopy for a stand. CH is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). CH supplies information for fire behavior models, such as FARSITE (Finney 1998), that can determine the starting point of embers in the spotting model, wind reductions, and the volume of crown fuels. To create this product, plot level CH values are calculated using the canopy fuel estimation software, Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Pre-disturbance Canopy Cover and CH are used as predictors of disturbed CH using a linear regression equation per Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), disturbance type/severity, and time since disturbance. CH is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Forest Canopy Height (CH) describes the average height of the top of the canopy for a stand. CH is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). CH supplies information for fire behavior models, such as FARSITE (Finney 1998), that can determine the starting point of embers in the spotting model, wind reductions, and the volume of crown fuels. To create this product, plot level CH values are calculated using the canopy fuel estimation software, Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Pre-disturbance Canopy Cover and CH are used as predictors of disturbed CH using a linear regression equation per Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), disturbance type/severity, and time since disturbance. CH is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's 2023 Update (LF 2023) Forest Canopy Height (CH) describes the average height of the top of the canopy for a stand. CH is used in the calculation of Forest Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Base Height (CBH). CH supplies information for fire behavior models, such as FARSITE (Finney 1998), that can determine the starting point of embers in the spotting model, wind reductions, and the volume of crown fuels. To create CH, LANDFIRE's Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) product must be produced first. EVH is a continuous scaled product which assigns height to all life forms in the LF data, this product is created using an image-based process (within the Conterminous United States (CONUS)) to assess canopy structure for areas disturbed in the past twenty years. CH is then derived from EVH by assigning bins of 13 height classes for fuel production and use in fire behavior software. In LF 2023, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last twenty years. To designate disturbed areas where CH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2014 to 2023 in the LF Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2014-2023 are represented in LF 2023, and the products are intended to be used in 2024 (the year of release). When using any product from the LF 2023 fuel product suite, users should consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2023). Disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year are not accounted for within LF 2023 fuel products. Learn more about LF 2023 at https://www.landfire.gov/data/lf2023.

LANDFIRE's 2023 Update (LF 2023) Forest Canopy Height (CH) describes the average height of the top of the canopy for a stand. CH is used in the calculation of Forest Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Base Height (CBH). CH supplies information for fire behavior models, such as FARSITE (Finney 1998), that can determine the starting point of embers in the spotting model, wind reductions, and the volume of crown fuels. To create CH, LANDFIRE's Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) product must be produced first. EVH is a continuous scaled product which assigns height to all life forms in the LF data, this product is created using an image-based process (within the Conterminous United States (CONUS)) to assess canopy structure for areas disturbed in the past twenty years. CH is then derived from EVH by assigning bins of 13 height classes for fuel production and use in fire behavior software. In LF 2023, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last twenty years. To designate disturbed areas where CH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2014 to 2023 in the LF Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2014-2023 are represented in LF 2023, and the products are intended to be used in 2024 (the year of release). When using any product from the LF 2023 fuel product suite, users should consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2023). Disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year are not accounted for within LF 2023 fuel products. Learn more about LF 2023 at https://www.landfire.gov/data/lf2023.

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas is determined via a set of linear equations relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBH. Linear equations for these calculations are derived from Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) scenario outputs. In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas is determined via a set of linear equations relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBH. Linear equations for these calculations are derived from Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) scenario outputs. In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas is determined via a set of linear equations relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBH. Linear equations for these calculations are derived from Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) scenario outputs. In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php .

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas is determined via a set of linear equations relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBH. Linear equations for these calculations are derived from Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) scenario outputs. In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBH is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php .

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1 meter) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25 in dia.) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the canopy bulk density is .012 kg m-3. The CBH mapping process starts by deriving field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing LFRDB plots, a training data set to model CBH was created. Field referenced CBH values are calculated for each plot using the canopy fuel estimation software in Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Statistical analysis of plot variables indicates that LF Remap Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) and Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) demonstrate some influence on CBH, with Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) affecting CBH values within certain EVTs. To model this relationship LF Remap Canopy Cover (CC) and Canopy Height (CH) are used as predictors of CBH; developing a linear regression equation per EVT and disturbance type/severity. These CBH regression models account for roughly two-thirds of EVT assignments. To account for missing EVTs, regression equations from similar EVTs are utilized as surrogates ensuring consistent values throughout. In some, instances LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. For tree stands dominated by broadleaf species that are fire resistant (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBH of 10 meters. This artificial increase in CBH is done to prevent false simulation of crown fires that rarely occur in these areas. All non-forest values, including herbaceous/shrub systems and non-burnable types (urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture) are coded as 0. However, certain types of agriculture and urban vegetation that are burnable are assigned a constant value by LF Remap Total Fuel Change Toolbar (LFTFC) rulesets based on region and vegetation type. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBH to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. The combination of pre-disturbance and non-disturbance vegetation are used to calculate CBH by vegetation type, cover, and height acted on by a disturbance event. Vegetation adjustments are modeled in disturbed areas based on disturbance type and severity using FVS derived linear equations. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBH also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2020 fuels may be calculated for the year 2020. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2020 in this example), making the products "2020 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.