The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) LEOLSTCMG30 version 1 Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) product provides Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite data record from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments as well as LST error estimates for both day and night. The product will include global LST produced on CMG at monthly timesteps from 2002 to 2020. The MEaSUREs LEOLST product is generated by regridding the monthly LST CMG products from MODIS (MYD21C3.061) and VIIRS (VNP21C3.002). The product will be available on 0.25, 0.5, and 1 degree optimized climate grids with well characterized per-pixel uncertainties. A low-resolution browse is also available showing LST as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in PNG format. Known Issues * Users should be aware that in v001 of the Low Earth Orbit Land Surface Temperature Monthly Global Gridded product (LEOLSTCMG30) the nighttime LST error estimates (LST_Night_err_*) in the one degree, half degree, and quarter degree SDS layers were erroneously filled with zero values and should not be used for any scientific data analyses.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures) LEOLSTCMG30 version 2 Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) product provides Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite data record from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments as well as LST error estimates for both day and night. The MEaSUREs LEOLST product is generated by regridding the monthly CMG products from Aqua MODIS (MYD21C3 (https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21C3.061)) and VIIRS (VNP21C3 (https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21C3.002) and VJ121 (https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121.002)). The product is available on 0.25, 0.5, and 1 degree optimized climate grids with well characterized per-pixel uncertainties. A low-resolution browse is also available showing LST as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in PNG format.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Corrected an issue with nighttime LST error estimates (LST_Night_err_*) in the one degree, half degree, and quarter degree SDS layers that were erroneously filled with zero values.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures) LEOLSTCMG30 version 1 Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) product provides Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite data record from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments as well as LST error estimates for both day and night. The product will include global LST produced on CMG at monthly timesteps from 2002 to 2020. The MEaSUREs LEOLST product is generated by regridding the monthly LST CMG products from MODIS (MYD21C3.061) and VIIRS (VNP21C3.002). The product will be available on 0.25, 0.5, and 1 degree optimized climate grids with well characterized per-pixel uncertainties. A low-resolution browse is also available showing LST as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in PNG format.Known Issues* Users should be aware that in v001 of the Low Earth Orbit Land Surface Temperature Monthly Global Gridded product (LEOLSTCMG30) the nighttime LST error estimates (LST_Night_err_*) in the one degree, half degree, and quarter degree SDS layers were erroneously filled with zero values and should not be used for any scientific data analyses.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures) GEOLST4KHR version 2 swath product provides per-pixel Land Surface Temperature (LST) with a spatial resolution of 4,000 meters (m). The product is produced daily in hourly increments using data acquired from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 and 10 through 17 satellites for the years 2000 through 2023. The GEOLST4KHR product provides LST values for both North and South America. The GEOLST4KHR data product utilizes the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 / Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (MERRA-2/RTTOV) Single-Channel Emissivity-Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity over Land (CAMEL) algorithm.The GEOLST4KHR product provides layers for cloud mask, latitude, longitude, land surface temperature, and land surface temperature error. A low-resolution browse is also available showing land surface temperature as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in JPEG format.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The land surface temperature layer now contains sea surface temperatures and there have been updates to the cloud mask algorithm.

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) GEOLST4KHR version 2 swath product provides per-pixel Land Surface Temperature (LST) with a spatial resolution of 4,000 meters (m). The product is produced daily in hourly increments using data acquired from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 and 10 through 17 satellites for the years 2000 through 2023. The GEOLST4KHR product provides LST values for both North and South America. The GEOLST4KHR data product utilizes the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 / Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (MERRA-2/RTTOV) Single-Channel Emissivity-Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity over Land (CAMEL) algorithm. The GEOLST4KHR product provides layers for cloud mask, latitude, longitude, land surface temperature, and land surface temperature error. A low-resolution browse is also available showing land surface temperature as an RGB (red, green, blue) image in JPEG format.

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) monthly Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ121C3) provides LST&E by a process of selecting the best available pixel over a monthly acquisition period at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The VJ121C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST&E product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free [VJ121A1D](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121A1D.002) and [VJ121A1N](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121A1N.002) daily acquisitions from the monthly period. Unlike the VJ121A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VJ121C3 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).The VJ121C3 product contains 25 Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ121C3 granule.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and the User Guide.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire NOAA-20 mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.* Replaced MERRA2 inputs with GEOS5.* Included inland water body pixels to allow for LST retrieval over these areas.* Introduced daily, 8-day, and monthly LST CMG products.* More details can be found in this [VIIRS Land V2 Changes document](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf).

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VJ121C) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily [VJ121](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121.002) swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VJ121C1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The 0.05 degree (5,600 m) dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).The VJ121C1 product contains 25 Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VJ121C1 granule.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and the User Guide.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire NOAA-20 mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.* Replaced MERRA2 inputs with GEOS5.* Included inland water body pixels to allow for LST retrieval over these areas.* Introduced daily, 8-day, and monthly LST CMG products.* More details can be found in this [VIIRS Land V2 Changes document](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf).

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures) Global Web-Enabled Landsat Data Monthly (GWELDMO) Version 3 data product provides Landsat data at 30 meter (m) resolution for terrestrial non-Antarctica locations over monthly reporting periods for the 2010 epoch. GWELD data products are generated from all available Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat archive. The GWELD suite of products provide consistent data to derive land cover as well as geophysical and biophysical information for regional assessment of land surface dynamics.The GWELD products include Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) for the reflective wavelength bands and top of atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperature for the thermal bands. The products are defined in the Sinusoidal coordinate system to promote continuity of NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land tile grid.Provided in the GWELDMO product are layers for surface reflectance bands 1 through 5 and 7, TOA brightness temperature for thermal bands, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), day of year, ancillary angle, and data quality information. A low-resolution red, green, blue (RGB) browse image of bands 5, 4, 3 is also available for each granule.Known Issues* GWELDMO known issues can be found in Section 4 of the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Please note that the version 3.0 GWELD products for 2009, 2010 and 2011 are defined in HDF4 which cannot be read correctly by GDAL/ArcGIS. This is not an issue for the version 3.1 GWELD products

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) monthly Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product (VNP21C3) provides LST&E by a process of selecting the best available pixel over a monthly acquisition period at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The VNP21C3 dataset is a monthly composite LST&E product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free [VNP21A1D](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1D.002) and [VNP21A1N](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1N.002) daily acquisitions from the monthly period. Unlike the VNP21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VNP21C3 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file.Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).The VNP21C3 product contains 25 Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VNP21C3 granule.Known Issues* Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Day Version 2 product (VNP21A1D) is compiled daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily [VNP21](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21.002) swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given day. The VNP21A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The daytime average is weighted by the observation coverage for that cell. Only observations having observation coverage more than a certain threshold (15%) are considered for this averaging. The 1 kilometer dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product. The VNP21A1D product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product [(MOD21A1D)](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1D.061) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). The VNP21A1D product contains seven Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, view zenith angle, and time of observation. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VNP21A1D granule.Known Issues* Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality