This digital dataset contains the climate data used for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM) and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM)). The monthly climate data for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models are based on the regional climate data for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System [Hevesi and others, 2022]. To develop the monthly climate grids, the regional climate data were resampled to a monthly timescale and area weighted to the model grid. The climate data include spatially distributed monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for the model grid for October 1967 to September 2018.

This digital dataset contains the climate data used for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM) and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM)). The monthly climate data for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models are based on the regional climate data for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System (Hevesi and others, 2022). To develop the monthly climate grids, the regional climate data were resampled to a monthly timescale and area weighted to the model grid. The climate data include spatially distributed monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for the model grid for October 1947 to September 2022.

This digital dataset contains the gridded future climate data used for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models. The monthly climate data for Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models are based on the Salinas and Carmel River Basins Study (SCRBS) future climate scenarios [Henson and others, 2024). SCRBS considers one baseline climate scenario that represents recent historical climate conditions and five future climate scenarios: Hot-Wet (HW), Warm-Wet (WW), Hot-Dry (HD), Warm-Dry (WD), and Central Tendency (CT) [Henson and others, 2024]. To develop the monthly climate grids, the regional climate data was resampled to a monthly timescale and area weighted to the model grid. The climate data includes spatially distributed monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (expressed in millimeters, mm) for the model grid for January 2016 to January 2100.

This digital dataset contains the gridded future climate data used for the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models. The monthly climate data for Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models are based on the Salinas and Carmel River Basins Study (SCRBS) future climate scenarios [Henson and others, 2024). SCRBS considers one baseline climate scenario that represents recent historical climate conditions and five future climate scenarios: Hot-Wet (HW), Warm-Wet (WW), Hot-Dry (HD), Warm-Dry (WD), and Central Tendency (CT) [Henson and others, 2024]. To develop the monthly climate grids, the regional climate data was resampled to a monthly timescale and area weighted to the model grid. The climate data includes spatially distributed monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (expressed in millimeters, mm) for the model grid for January 2016 to January 2100.

This digital dataset contains the land use data used for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (SVHM): the Salinas Valley Watershed Model (SVWM), the Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM), and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM). Land use data were compiled from available state, local, and federal datasets. Available multi-year composite land use data were integrated with national scale land use and land cover data and supplemented and refined with information from the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CalPUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2024) to provide a comprehensive edge-to-edge land use map for each year. Native vegetation was defined using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000; U.S. Geological Survey, 2003; U.S. Geological Survey, 2011; U.S. Geological Survey, 2014; Dewitz, 2021) and intersected in a GIS with other available land use data. If available land use data for an irrigated crop was present where NLCD data showed a native land use cover class, the irrigated land area was preserved. There were 56 land use types developed to represent native vegetation, urban areas, and crops in the Salinas Valley. The land use types can be grouped into the four land use analysis categories based on the frequency with which crops may change (high frequency rotational, annually stable, multi-year) or as native or urban classes (native/urban). There is a climate gradient across the valley that could lead to differences in crop management and demands in the coastal and inland areas, for example, gradients in precipitation and PET. Additionally, coastal areas can have differences in fog occurrence and cloud cover relative to inland areas. Inland and coastal climate zones were used to support the delineation of different growth rates for the land use types. Of the 56 land use types, 40 were defined as irrigated land use with an inland and coastal sub-type. Discriminating crops between these regions and climate zones allows for the simulation of potential differences in climate, water demands, and crop management.

This digital dataset contains the land use data used for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (SVHM): the Salinas Valley Watershed Model (SVWM), the Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM), and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM). Land use data were compiled from available state, local, and federal datasets. Available multi-year composite land use data were integrated with national scale land use and land cover data and supplemented and refined with information from the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CalPUR) database (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2024) to provide a comprehensive edge-to-edge land use map for each year. Native vegetation was defined using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000; U.S. Geological Survey, 2003; U.S. Geological Survey, 2011; U.S. Geological Survey, 2014; Dewitz, 2021) and intersected in a GIS with other available land use data. If available land use data for an irrigated crop was present where NLCD data showed a native land use cover class, the irrigated land area was preserved. There were 56 land use types developed to represent native vegetation, urban areas, and crops in the Salinas Valley. The land use types can be grouped into the four land use analysis categories based on the frequency with which crops may change (high frequency rotational, annually stable, multi-year) or as native or urban classes (native/urban). There is a climate gradient across the valley that could lead to differences in crop management and demands in the coastal and inland areas, for example, gradients in precipitation and PET. Additionally, coastal areas can have differences in fog occurrence and cloud cover relative to inland areas. Inland and coastal climate zones were used to support the delineation of different growth rates for the land use types. Of the 56 land use types, 40 were defined as irrigated land use with an inland and coastal sub-type. Discriminating crops between these regions and climate zones allows for the simulation of potential differences in climate, water demands, and crop management.

This digital dataset contains the climate data used for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System, including the Salinas Valley Watershed Model (SVWM) and the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM) and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM)). The climate data include spatially distributed daily precipitation, maximum and minimum air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration for the period from 10/1/1947 to 9/30/2023. This data set includes the following files: raster of the extent used in the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System; shapefiles of the input climate stations and daily gridded climate data for daily precipitation (PPT), maximum and minimum air temperature (TMN and TMX respectively), and potential evapotranspiration (PET).

This digital dataset contains the climate data used for the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System, including the Salinas Valley Watershed Model (SVWM) and the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM) and Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM)). The climate data include spatially distributed daily precipitation, maximum and minimum air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration for the period from 10/1/1947 to 9/30/2023. This data set includes the following files: raster of the extent used in the Salinas Valley Hydrologic System; shapefiles of the input climate stations and daily gridded climate data for daily precipitation (PPT), maximum and minimum air temperature (TMN and TMX respectively), and potential evapotranspiration (PET).

This digital dataset contains the datasets related to agricultural and municipal water supply and groundwater in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (LSVHM), including the Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM) and the Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM). Groundwater inflow and outflow data include reported groundwater pumpage and groundwater elevations obtained for the period from October 1, 1967, to September 30, 2018. Groundwater pumpage in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models is grouped into (1) pre-estimated and specified municipal and industrial (referred to as water supply) and (2) simulated pumpage from all irrigation wells used to supply water for irrigation (referred to as agricultural supply). Groundwater pumpage is provided in units of acre-feet per month for each water balance subregion (Henson and Jachens, 2022). Groundwater pumpage was defined by water supply wells and agricultural supply wells. Additionally, water levels from wells were used to evaluate groundwater levels in the simulation. To support the agricultural water demand and supply estimates, surface water diversions and non-routed delivery are included for the water-balance subregions (WBS) that receive surface water for irrigation. To support the evaluation of groundwater levels in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models, this data release includes groundwater-level contour maps and groundwater level time series for wells used to define head-dependent flow boundaries in water balance subregions 5 and 6 in the northwestern coastal area in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models. Water-level maps were provided by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) for fall of 1994, 2003, and 2011 for a composite of shallow aquifers (<201 feet below land surface) and deep aquifers (>201 to 420 feet below land surface). These contours can be used for spatial comparison of the model-simulated groundwater values with observed data. Head-dependent flow boundaries were simulated using the General Head Boundary Package (GHB) of MODFLOW (Harbaugh, 2005) and are implemented to represent lateral groundwater underflow. Citations: Harbaugh, A.W., 2005. MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model-the Ground-Water Flow Process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A16. Henson, W.R., and Jachens, E.R., 2022, Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models: Discretization Data: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9850MAK.

This digital dataset contains the datasets related to agricultural and municipal water supply and groundwater in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models (LSVHM), including the Salinas Valley Operational Model (SVOM) and the Salinas Valley Integrated Hydrologic Model (SVIHM). Groundwater inflow and outflow data include reported groundwater pumpage and groundwater elevations obtained for the period from October 1, 1967, to September 30, 2018. Groundwater pumpage in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models is grouped into (1) pre-estimated and specified municipal and industrial (referred to as water supply) and (2) simulated pumpage from all irrigation wells used to supply water for irrigation (referred to as agricultural supply). Groundwater pumpage is provided in units of acre-feet per month for each water balance subregion (Henson and Jachens, 2022). Groundwater pumpage was defined by water supply wells and agricultural supply wells. Additionally, water levels from wells were used to evaluate groundwater levels in the simulation. To support the agricultural water demand and supply estimates, surface water diversions and non-routed delivery are included for the water-balance subregions (WBS) that receive surface water for irrigation. To support the evaluation of groundwater levels in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models, this data release includes groundwater-level contour maps and groundwater level time series for wells used to define head-dependent flow boundaries in water balance subregions 5 and 6 in the northwestern coastal area in the Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models. Water-level maps were provided by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) for fall of 1994, 2003, and 2011 for a composite of shallow aquifers (<201 feet below land surface) and deep aquifers (>201 to 420 feet below land surface). These contours can be used for spatial comparison of the model-simulated groundwater values with observed data. Head-dependent flow boundaries were simulated using the General Head Boundary Package (GHB) of MODFLOW (Harbaugh, 2005) and are implemented to represent lateral groundwater underflow. Citations: Harbaugh, A.W., 2005. MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model-the Ground-Water Flow Process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A16. Henson, W.R., and Jachens, E.R., 2022, Lower Salinas Valley Hydrologic Models: Discretization Data: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9850MAK.