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M 31 Chandra HRC X-Ray Source Catalog
The authors have obtained 17 epochs of Chandra High Resolution Camera (HRC) snapshot images, each covering most of the M31 disk. The data cover a total baseline of ~2.5 yr and contain a mean effective exposure of 17 ks. The authors measured the mean fluxes and long-term light curves for 166 objects detected in these data. At least 25% of the sources show significant variability. The cumulative luminosity function (CLF) of the disk sources is well fitted by a power law with a slope comparable to those observed in typical elliptical galaxies. The CLF of the bulge is a broken power law similar to measurements made by previous surveys. The authors note several sources in the southwestern disk with L<sub>X</sub> > 10<sup>37</sup> ergs s<sup>-1</sup>. They cross-correlate all of their sources with published optical and radio catalogs, as well as new optical data, finding counterpart candidates for 55 sources. In addition, 17 sources are likely X-ray transients. Finally, the frequency of bright X-ray transients in the M31 bulge suggests that the ratio of neutron star to black hole primaries in low-mass X-ray binaries (NS/BH) is 1. The data for this project were originally part of a survey program to look for X-ray transients in M31. Nearly every month from 1999 November to 2001 February, Chandra took HRC-I images of five fields covering most of M31. Observations were then made every few months until 2002 June. The details of the 81 Chandra observations are summarized in Table 1 of the reference paper, which is available in a machine-readable form at <a href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/J_ApJ/609/735/">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/J_ApJ/609/735/</a>. The authors combined all the data into three data sets using the task merge_all. One set contained the data for the northern half of the galaxy, another contained the southern half, and the last contained the center. The authors searched for sources in the three data sets using the CIAO task wavdetect. They ran this task searching for sources on four size scales: 1, 2, 4, and 8 pixels. The pixels in the merged images were 1 arcsecond in the central 18 arcmin by 18 arcmin and 2 arcsec outside of this region. By searching on several scales, wavdetect is able to overcome the large changes in the size of the Chandra PSF from about 0.5 arcsec near the center of the field to over 10 arcsec in the outer regions of the field. A total of 166 sources were detected above their 3.5-sigma detection threshold. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2015 based on the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/609">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/609</a>, 735 file table2.dat . This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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M 17 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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This table contains some of the results from a Chandra ACIS observation of the stellar populations in and around the M17 H II region. The field reveals 886 sources (listed in the present table) with observed X-ray luminosities (uncorrected for absorption) between ~ 29.3 erg s-1 < log LX < 32.8 erg s-1, 771 of which have stellar counterparts in infrared images. Spectral analysis results for the 598 brightest X-ray sources which have photometric significance of 2.0 or greater) are also given herein. For 546 of the X-ray sources, the fits used the "wabs(apec)" thermal plasma model in XSPEC assuming scaled 0.3 times solar photospheric abundances, while for the other 52 X-ray sources for which either the thermal model poorly described the data or required nonphysical parameters and the X-ray source was not identified with a known stellar counterpart, the fits used the "wabs(powerlaw)" model in XSPEC. In addition to the comprehensive tabulation of X-ray source properties, several other results were presented in the reference paper: 1. The X-ray luminosity function is calibrated to that of the Orion Nebula Cluster population to infer a total population of roughly 8000-10,000 stars in M17, one-third lying in the central NGC 6618 cluster. 2. About 40% of the ACIS sources are heavily obscured with AV > 10 mag. Some are concentrated around well-studied star-forming regions -- IRS 5/UC1, the Kleinmann-Wright Object, and M17-North -- but most are distributed across the field. As previously shown, star formation appears to be widely distributed in the molecular clouds. X-ray emission is detected from 64 of the hundreds of Class I protostar candidates that can be identified by near- and mid-infrared colors. These constitute the most likely protostar candidates known in M17. 3. The spatial distribution of X-ray stars is complex: in addition to the central NGC 6618 cluster and well-known embedded groups, we find a new embedded cluster (designated M17-X), a 2 pc long arc of young stars along the southwest edge of the M17 H II region, and 0.1 pc substructure within various populations. These structures may indicate that the populations are dynamically young. 4. All (14/14) of the known O stars but only about half (19/34) of the known B0-B3 stars in the M17 field are detected. These stars exhibit the long-reported correlation between X-ray and bolometric luminosities of LX ~ 10-7 Lbol. While many O and early-B stars show the soft X-ray emission expected from microshocks in their winds or moderately hard emission that could be caused by magnetically channeled wind shocks, six of these stars exhibit very hard thermal plasma components (kT > 4 keV) that may be due to colliding wind binaries. More than 100 candidate new OB stars are found, including 28 X-ray detected intermediate- and high-mass protostar candidates with infrared excesses. 5. Only a small fraction (perhaps 10%) of X-ray selected high- and intermediate-mass stars exhibit K-band-emitting protoplanetary disks, providing further evidence that inner disks evolve very rapidly around more massive stars. This table was created by the HEASARC in December 2007 based on electronic versions of Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the reference paper which were obtained from the electronic ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
M 31 Bulge Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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The authors explore the population of X-ray point sources in the bulge of M 31 so as to contrast properties of various subpopulations, such as persistent and transient sources and primordial LMXBs and dynamically formed ones. Based on the data from 26 archival Chandra ACIS observations with aim-points within 10 arcminutes of the center of M 31 (J2000 coordinates of 00:42:44.31, +41:16:09.4), the authors study the source content and properties of various subpopulations of X-ray sources to a maximum distance of 12 arcminutes from the center of M 31. To a limiting luminosity of ~1035 erg s-1, the authors find 263 X-ray point sources, with ~1/3 of these being background galaxies. A study of the spatial distribution and the luminosity function of the X-ray sources shows that the distribution of primordial LMXBs is consistent with the distribution of the K-band light and that their luminosity function flattens below ~1037 erg s-1 to the dN/dL ~ L-1 law in agreement with the behavior found earlier for LMXBs in the Milky Way and in Cen A. Within a radius of 12 arcminutes, the luminosity function is independent of distance to the center of M 31, in contrast to earlier Chandra studies. The LMXBs located in globular clusters and within ~1 arcminute from the center of M 31 are presumably created via dynamical interactions. The dynamical origin of the r < 1 arcminute sources is strongly suggested by their radial distribution which follows the rho*2 profile rather than the K-band light distribution. Their luminosity function shows a prominent fall-off below log(LX) <~ 36.5. Although the statistics are insufficient to claim a genuine low-luminosity cut-off in the luminosity function, the best fit power-law with a slope of -0.6 +/- 0.2 is significantly flatter than the dN/dL ~ L-1 law. The authors also searched for transients and found 28 sources that varied by a factor larger than 20. Their spatial distribution follows the distribution of the persistent LMXBs within the accuracy allowed by the limited number of transients. This HEASARC table was created in March 2010 based on CDS catalog J/A+A/468/49 file table2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
M 31 Central Field Chandra HRI X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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The central field of the Andromeda galaxy (M 31) was monitored from 2006 to 2012 using the Chandra HRC-I detector (about 0.1 - 10 keV energy range) with the main aim of detecting X-rays from optical novae. The authors present a systematic analysis of all X-ray sources found in the 41 nova monitoring observations, along with 23 M 31 central field HRC-I observations available from the Chandra data archive starting in December 1999. Based on these observations, they studied the X-ray long-term variability of the source population and especially of the X-ray binaries in M31. The authors created a catalog of sources detected in the 64 available observations that adds up to a total exposure time of about 1 Ms. To study the variability, they developed a processing pipeline to derive long-term Chandra HRC-I light curves for each source over the 13 years of observations, and also searched for extended X-ray sources in the merged images. This table contains the point-source catalog of 318 X-ray sources with detailed long-term variability information, 28 of which are published for the first time. The spatial and temporal resolution of the catalog allows the authors to classify 115 X-ray binary candidates showing high X-ray variability or even outbursts, as well as 14 globular cluster X-ray binary candidates showing no significant variability. The analysis may suggest that outburst sources are less frequent in globular clusters than in the field of M 31. Seven supernova remnants (not included in the point-source catalog) were detected, one of which is a new candidate, and also the first X-rays from a known radio supernova remnant were resolved. In addition to 33 known optical nova/X-ray source correlations, the authors discovered one previously unknown super-soft X-ray outburst and several new nova candidates. A large sample of detailed long-term X-ray light curves of sources in the M31 central field has been obtained in this study (see Appendix B.1 of the reference paper), which helps in understanding the X-ray population of our neighboring spiral galaxy M 31. Based on all the available Chandra HRC-I observations (see Table A.1 in the reference paper for the complete list), a source catalog has been created (available in this HEASARC table) and the energy flux of each source in every individual observation derived (these are not available in this HEASARC table, but are obtainable at the CDS: for more details, see the files https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A%2BA/555/A65/ReadMe and https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J_A%2BA/555/A65/table2.dat.gz). One thing to be aware of is that, in the latter file, upper limits are denoted by a '>' symbol rather than the more usual '<' symbol!). These fluxes were calculated assuming a generic power law spectrum and Galactic foreground absorption for each source. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2013 based on the CDS catalog J/A+A/555/A65 files table1.dat and xcorr.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
ROSAT HRI Catalog of LMC X-Ray Sources (Sasaki et al.)
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All 543 pointed observations of the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) with exposure times higher than 50 seconds, and performed between 1990 and 1998 in a field of 10 by 10 degrees covering the Large Magellanic Cloud were analyzed, and a source catalogue was produced that contains 397 X-ray sources whose properties have been measured with the HRI. The list was cross-correlated with the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) LMC source catalogue of Haberl and Pietsch (1999, A&AS, 139, 277; the HEASARC database LMCROSXRAY) in order to obtain the (PSPC) hardness ratios for the X-ray sources detected by both instruments. 138 HRI sources are contained in the PSPC Catalogue, while 259 sources are new detections. The spatial resolution of the HRI being better than that of the PSPC, source positions could be determined with errors smaller than 15 arcsec which are dominated by systematic errors. After cross-correlating the source catalogue with the SIMBAD database and the Tycho Catalogue, 94 HRI sources were identified with known objects based on their positional coincidences and X-ray properties. Whenever more accurate coordinates were given in catalogues or the literature, the X-ray coordinates were corrected and the systematic error of the X-ray position was reduced. For other sources observed simultaneously with an identified source, the positional coordinates were also improved. In total, the X-ray positions of 254 sources were newly determined. The sources identified in this study include 39 foreground stars, 24 supernova remnants (SNR), 5 supersoft sources, 9 X-ray binaries, and 9 active galactic nuclei (AGN) well-known from the literature. Another 8 sources were identified with known candidates for these source classes. An additional 21 HRI sources were suggested by the authors as candidates for SNR, X-ray binaries in the LMC, or background AGN, because of their spatial extents, hardness ratios, X-ray to optical flux ratios, or flux variability. This database was created at the HEASARC in June 2000 based on the ADC/CDS Catalog J/A+AS/143/391, and is derived from Table 4 of the reference. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
M 51 Chandra X-Ray Discrete Source Catalog
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M 101 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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M 81 Chandra X-Ray Discrete Source Catalog
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A Chandra X-Ray Observatory ACIS-S imaging observation is used to study the population of X-ray sources in the nearby (3.6 Mpc) Sab galaxy M 81 (NGC 3031). A total of 177 sources are detected, with 124 located within the D_25 isophote to a limiting X-ray luminosity of ~ 3 x 1036 erg/s. Source positions, count rates, luminosities in the 0.3 - 8.0 keV band, limiting optical magnitudes, and potential counterpart identifications are tabulated. Spectral and timing analysis of the 36 brightest sources are reported, including the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, SN 1993J, and the Einstein-discovered ultraluminous X-ray source X6. The primary X-ray data set is a 49926 s observation of M81 obtained on 2000 May 7 with the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) spectroscopy array operating in imaging mode. The X-ray data were reprocessed by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) on 2001 January 4. These reprocessed data were used in this work. There are no significant differences between the reprocessed data and the originally distributed data analyzed by Tennant et al. (2001ApJ...549L..43T). The observation was taken in faint timed exposure mode at 3.241 s/frame at a focal plane temperature of -120 C. Standard CXC processing has applied aspect corrections and compensated for spacecraft dither. The primary target, SN 1993J, was located near the nominal aimpoint on the back-illuminated (BI) device S3. The nucleus of M81 lies 2.79' from SN 1993J toward the center of S3 in this observation. Accurate positions of these two objects and two G0 stars located on device S2 were used to identify any offset and to determine absolute locations of the remaining Chandra sources as well as objects in other X-ray images and those obtained at other wavelengths. No offset correction was applied to the Chandra X-ray positions. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2007 based on the CDS table J/ApJS/144/213, files table2.dat and table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
47 Tuc Globular Cluster Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog (2005 Version)
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The authors have detected 300 X-ray sources within the half-mass radius (2.79') of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae in a deep (281 ks) Chandra exposure. They perform photometry and simple spectral fitting for our detected sources and construct luminosity functions, X-ray color-magnitude, and color-color diagrams. Eighty-seven X-ray sources show variability on timescales from hours to years. Thirty-one of the new X-ray sources are identified with chromospherically active binaries from the catalogs of Albrow and coworkers (2001, CDS Catalog ). The authors estimate that the total number of neutron stars in 47 Tuc is of order 300, reducing the discrepancy between theoretical neutron star retention rates and observed neutron star populations in globular clusters. The data used in this paper are from the 2000 and 2002 Chandra observations of the globular cluster 47 Tuc. The 2000 observations, initially described in Grindlay et al. (2001, Science 292, 2290), were performed with the ACIS-I CCD array at the telescope focus, while the 2002 observations placed the back-illuminated ACIS-S aim point at the focus for maximum low-energy sensitivity. The authors combined the results from wavdetect source detection runs with a threshold probability of 1 x 10-5, in two energy bands (0.5 - 2.0 keV and 0.5 - 6.0 keV for the 2000 observations, and (0.3 - 2.0 keV and 0.3 - 6.0 keV for the 2002 observations), to make independent source lists for the 2000 and 2002 observations, given in Tables 2 and 3 of the reference paper, which have been combined in the present HEASARC table. A total of 146 sources were detected in this way in the 2000 observations (entries with dataset_year = 2000), while 300 sources were detected in the 2002 observations (dataset_year = 2002). A total of 143 of the sources were clearly detected in both observations, while only three of the sources from the 2000 observations were not detected in the 2002 observations. See also the related 2017 source catalog. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2007 based on CDS Catalog J/ApJ/625/796 files table2.dat, table3.dat, and (part of) table5.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
M 81 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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This table contains the source table from an analysis of 15 Chandra ACIS observations of the nearby spiral galaxy M81 taken over the course of six weeks in 2005 May-July. Each observation reaches a sensitivity of ~1037 erg s-1. With these observations and one previous deeper Chandra observation (the properties of which are described in Table 1 and Section 2 of the reference paper), the authors have compiled a master source list of 265 point sources, extracted and fitted their spectra, and differentiated basic populations of sources through their colors. They also carried out variability analyses of individual point sources and of X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) in multiple regions of M 81 on timescales of days, months, and years. They find that, despite measuring significant variability in a considerable fraction of sources, snapshot observations provide a consistent determination of the XLF of M81. They also fit the XLFs for multiple regions of M81 and, using common parametrization, compare these luminosity functions to those of two other spiral galaxies, M31 and the Milky Way. This table contains the 265 point sources at or above the 99.9% probability level of being real according to AE's PROB_NO_SOURCE statistic (the "master" source list), and 11 additional "borderline" sources which have 99.0-99.9% probability of being real according to AE's PROB_NO_SOURCE statistic, for a total of 276 sources whose properties were described in Tables 3 and 4 of the reference paper. The 265 "master" sources have source numbers from 1 to 265 while the 11 "borderline" sources have source numbers beginning with 'B', e.g., they have source numbers 'B1' to 'B11'. Note that only coordinates are listed for 3 sources in the master source list (source numbers 234, 241 and 262) and 2 sources in the borderline source list (B8 and B9) because they were only in the field of view (on chip) of one observation (ObsID 735). Six additional sources near the center of M81 which were found using maximum likelihood image reconstruction are not included in either the master or borderline source lists contained herein but their positions are listed in table 2 of the reference paper. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2011 based on electronic versions of Tables 3 and 4 from the reference paper which were obtained from the ApJ web site. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 300 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
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This table contains the source catalog from a new Chandra ACIS-I observation of the nearby (2.0 Mpc) SA(s)d spiral galaxy NGC 300 which was obtained as part of the Chandra Local Volume Survey (CLVS). This 63-ks exposure covers ~88% of the D25 isophote (R ~ 6.3 kpc) and yields a catalog of 95 X-ray point sources detected at high significance down to a limiting unabsorbed 0.35-8 keV luminosity of ~ 1036 erg/s. Sources were cross-correlated with a previous XMM-Newton catalog, and the authors find 75 "X-ray transient candidate" sources that were detected by one observatory, but not the other. They derive an X-ray scale length of 1.7 +/- 0.2 kpc and a recent star formation rate of 0.12 Msun/yr in excellent agreement with optical observations. Deep, multi-color imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope, covering ~ 32% of this Chandra field, was used to search for optical counterparts to the X-ray sources, and the authors have developed a new source classification scheme to determine which sources are likely X-ray binaries, supernova remnants, and background active galactic nucleus candidates. In the reference paper, the authors present the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) at different X-ray energies, and find the total NGC 300 X-ray point-source population to be consistent with other late-type galaxies hosting young stellar populations (<~ 50 Myr). They find that the XLF of sources associated with older stellar populations has a steeper slope than the XLF of X-ray sources coinciding with young stellar populations, consistent with theoretical predictions. NGC 300 was observed on 2010 September 25 for 63 ks using ACIS-I during the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Cycle 12, observation ID 12238. The source detection strategy that was used is described in Section 2.3 of the reference paper. ACIS-Extract (AE) was run a final time on the source list that was produces after an initial run of wavdetect followed by several iterations of AE, and the Poisson probability of not being a source (pns) value was computed in each of the following nine energy bands: 0.5 - 8.0, 0.5 - 2.0, 2.0 - 8.0, 0.5 - 1.0, 1.0 - 2.0, 2.0 - 4.0, 4.0 - 8.0, 0.35 - 1.0 and 0.35 - 8.0 keV. To be included in the final NGC 300 catalog, a source was required to have a pns value less than 4 x 10-6 in any of the nine energy bands; if only the 0.35 - 8 keV band were considered, ~4% of significant sources would have been lost. The final CLVS source catalog for NGC 300 contains 95 sources. This table was initially created by the HEASARC in September 2014 based on CDS Catalog J/ApJ/758/15/ files table4.dat, table5.dat, table6.dat and table7.dat containing the X-ray properties of the 95 Chandra point sources found in this study. The information on the optical counterparts to (some of) the Chandra X-ray sources and on the X-ray point source classification (presented in Tables 16 and 17, respectively, of the reference paper) is not included herein. It was updated in September 2015 to include the unabsorbed 0.35-8.0 keV energy fluxes (in the parameter herein called b4_flux) from the second reference paper. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .