These data are vector and scalar component values of the Earth's magnetic field for 2004 recorded at the Boulder Magnetic Observatory in Colorado. Vector values are measured using 3 mutually orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer sensors. The scalar value of the total magnetic field is recorded with a proton precession magnetometer. All values are calibrated with measurements of the absolute value of the geomagnetic field using a DI-Flux magnetometer. The data are numerically filtered to prevent aliasing, and quality controlled during processing. Longer period values of the field, including hourly, daily, monthly, and annual means are derived from the 1-minute data.

Project Magnet data include low altitude, high density individual track line surveys, high altitude vector data and regional magnetic anomaly grids.

This data set was generated by the Finish Academy of Science from magnetic data collected during the International Magnetospheric Study, 1976-1978. The data were collected by an array of digital magnetometers located in Finland. The data are values of the earth's magnetic field components X, Y, and Z. The values are recorded on magnetic tape in BINARY format.

The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly National Geophysical Data Center) maintains an active database of worldwide geomagnetic observatory data to further the understanding of Earth magnetism and the Sun-Earth environment.Historically, magnetic observatories were established to monitor the secular change (variation), of the Earth's magnetic field, and this remains one of their most important functions. This generally involves absolute measurements sufficient in number to monitor instrumental drift and to produce annual means. Over 70 countries operate more than 200 observatories worldwide. The magnetic observatory data are crucial to the studies of secular change, investigations into the Earth's interior, navigation, communication, and to global modeling efforts. In addition to the continuously operating magnetic observatories, many countries make measurements at temporary magnetic stations (known as repeat stations), over a period of days every 5 - 10 years.The Earth's magnetic field is described by seven parameters. These are declination (D), inclination (I), horizontal intensity (H), vertical intensity (Z), total intensity (F) and the north (X) and east (Y) components of the horizontal intensity. By convention, declination is considered positive when measured east of north, inclination and vertical intensity positive down, X positive north, and Y positive east. The magnetic field observed on Earth is constantly changing.

These data are generated as part of the International Magnetospheric Study. The file consists of 10-second instantaneous measurements for the geomagnetic components D, H, X, Y, Z and R. The 10 second values were collected digitally in real time by a network of 26 ground observatories and relayed to the Space Environment Center, Boulder, Colorado, via the SMS-GOES satellite and the Wallops Island, Virginia ground station. The 1-minute average values are computed at the Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado. The entry ID number for the 1-minute values is Dataset_ID G00124. These data were generated as part of the International Magnetospheric Study. The file is comprised of values of the geomagnetic components D, H, X, Y, Z and R from instantaneous measurements taken at 10-second intervals at ground observatories. The 10-second values are collected digitally in real time at the magnetic observatories and relayed to the Space Environment Center via the SMS-GOES satellite to up to 26 geomagnetic observatories that provide data. The data are not continuous in time for all observatories and not necessarily continuous in time sequence for all elements at any one observatory. The sources for the data are the following chains of geomagnetic observatories: Alaska Chain, Churchill Chain, East-West Chain and Mid-Latitude Chain.

The World Magnetic Model is the standard model used by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.K. Ministry of Defence, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), for navigation, attitude and heading referencing systems using the geomagnetic field. It is also used widely in civilian navigation and heading systems. The model is produced at 5-year intervals, with the current model expiring on December 31, 2019. The current model WMM2015 is produced jointly by the NGDC and the British Geological Survey (BGS). The model, associated software, and documentation are distributed by NGDC on behalf of US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and by BGS on behalf of UK Defence Geographic Centre.

The study of magnetism is one of the oldest of the geophysical sciences. It is unique among the sciences in that ancient records of the geomagnetic field are preserved in rocks and changes in the field can be traced through time. To assist the scientist studying the Earth's ancient magnetization, the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) has available the following data of paleopole positions and paleomagnetic directions. The Global PaleoMagnetic Directions and Poles Data Base (GPMDB) Version 3.1 revised May 1995. This data base, established by M. McElhinny and J. Lock under the authority of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), contains all published data up to 1995 and has references linked to data results. The data base was developed under MicroSoft Access 2.0 and includes following information: AUTHORS, Table of authors, linked to REFERENCE and ROCKUNIT The REFERENCE, Table of books, journals etc. from which data were extracted ROCKUNIT, position, geology, age, and structure information PMAGRESULT, results, reversal test, lab test, tilt corrections and comments ALTRESULT, pole position and statistics where derived from VGP FIELDTESTS, type of field tests done and results with commentary Several other related data bases are available including Paleointensity (PALIN), Polarity Transitions (TRANS), and Secular Variation (SECVR).

The Enhanced Magnetic Model (EMM) extends to degree and order 720, resolving magnetic anomalies down to 56 km wavelength. The higher resolution of the EMM results in significantly improved pointing accuracy than the World Magnetic Model (WMM), which uses spherical harmonic representation to degree and order 12, resolving the magnetic field at 3000 km wavelength. The EMM model provides the magnetic field vector at any desired location and altitude close to and above the Earth's surface.

The Enhanced Magnetic Model (EMM) extends to degree and order 720, resolving magnetic anomalies down to 56 km wavelength. The higher resolution of the EMM results in significantly improved pointing accuracy than the World Magnetic Model (WMM), which uses spherical harmonic representation to degree and order 12, resolving the magnetic field at 3000 km wavelength. The EMM model provides the magnetic field vector at any desired location and altitude close to and above the Earth's surface.

The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly National Geophysical Data Center) receives magnetograms from over 200 geomagnetic observatories. The Center archives data from 1867 to the present, however the primary holdings are from 1957 to the present. The archives contain over 5,000 reels of 35 mm microfilm copies of magnetograms. Magnetograms are records obtained from an instrument known as a magnetometer which is designed to measure small variations in the components of the geomagnetic field. There are two types of magnetometers, the La Cour and the Ruska. The magnetogram consists of one or more (usually 3) variometers, one for each element usually D, H, Z (less common X, Y, Z) and a recorder. The standard magnetogram usually has all three components recorded simultaneously on one sheet of paper. In addition to the 3 traces, reference lines (baselines) are recorded. The baselines are used in absolute calibration of the magnetogram. The normal recording speed is 20 mm/hour with the drum turning once in 24 hours.