Cruises took place from May 1897 to December 2012 in the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas. Russian vessels were used to collect data in the open sea. Small boats were used to collect data in the coastal zone. Oceanographic data were used for weather forecasting and monitoring the state of the biological resources of Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

Temperature profile and water depth data were collected using BT and XBT casts from the USS ROBERT G. BRADLEY and HMAS MORESBY in the Mediterranean Sea. Data were collected from 16 March 1985 to 24 June 1987 by the US Navy; Ships Of Opportunity (SOOP) and Australian Navy. Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.

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This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, bathymetry, current velocity, and other parameters taken by XBT, thermosalinograph, echo sounder, and ADCP from the research vessel L'Atalante from 2019-07-03 through 2019-07-04 in the South Pacific Ocean, cruise SHOMPAC 2019. U.S. State Department Marine Science Research (MSR) agreements allow foreign research vessels into U. S. waters in exchange for receipt and public access of the oceanographic measurements collected. The data are submitted through the World Data Service - Oceanography and Geophysics both hosted at NCEI and disseminated publicly. Data are in text formats.

This dataset contains temperature, salinity, nutrients, and meteorological data collected from 1926 to 1991 aboard multiple platforms in Caspian Sea.