EPA Method 1615 measures enteroviruses and noroviruses present in environmental and drinking waters. The viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) from water sample concentrates is extracted and tested for enterovirus and norovirus RNA using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Virus concentrations for the molecular assay are calculated in terms of genomic copies of viral RNA per liter based upon a standard curve. The method uses a number of quality controls to increase data quality and to reduce interlaboratory and intralaboratory variation. The method has been evaluated by examining virus recovery from ground and reagent grade waters seeded with poliovirus type 3 and murine norovirus as a surrogate for human noroviruses. Mean poliovirus recoveries were 20% in groundwaters and 44% in reagent grade water. Mean murine norovirus recoveries with the RT-qPCR assay were 31% in groundwaters and 4% in reagent grade water. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Fout , S., J. Cashdollar , S. Griffin , N. Brinkman , E. Varughese , and S. Parshionikar. EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR. Journal of Visualized Experiments. JoVE, Somerville, MA, USA, 107: e52646, (2016).

This dataset contains the enterovirus genome copies measured per liter of sample and read counts obtained from amplicon sequencing of the VP1 and VP4 genes. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Brinkman , N., S. Fout , and S. Keely. Retrospective Surveillance of Wastewater To Examine Seasonal Dynamics of Enterovirus Infections. mSphere. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA, 2(3): e00099-17, (2017).

Provides droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurements of adenovirus and norovirus in three decentralized wastewater and graywater collection systems. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Jahne, M., N. Brinkman, S. Keely, B. Zimmerman, E. Wheaton, and J. Garland. Droplet Digital PCR Quantification of Norovirus and Adenovirus in Decentralized Wastewater and Graywater Collections: Implications for Onsite Reuse. WATER RESEARCH. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 169: 115213, (2020).

Drinking water treatment plants rely on purification of contaminated source waters to provide communities with potable water. One group of possible contaminants are enteric viruses. Measurement of viral quantities in environmental water systems are often performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or quantitative PCR (qPCR). However, true values may be underestimated due to challenges involved in a multi-step viral concentration process and due to PCR inhibition. In this study, water samples were concentrated from 25 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) across the US to study the occurrence of enteric viruses in source water and removal after treatment. The five different types of viruses studied were adenovirus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, enterovirus, and polyomavirus. Quantitative PCR was performed on all samples to determine presence or absence of these viruses in each sample. Ten DWTPs showed presence of one or more viruses in source water, with four DWTPs having treated drinking water testing positive. Furthermore, PCR inhibition was assessed for each sample using an exogenous amplification control, which indicated that all of the DWTP samples, including source and treated water samples, had some level of inhibition, confirming that inhibition plays an important role in PCR-based assessments of environmental samples. PCR inhibition measurements, viral recovery, and other assessments were incorporated into a Bayesian model to more accurately determine viral load in both source and treated water. Results of the Bayesian model indicated that viruses are present in source water and treated water. By using a Bayesian framework that incorporates inhibition, as well as many other parameters that affect viral detection, this study offers an approach for more accurately estimating the occurrence of viral pathogens in environmental waters. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Varughese, E., N. Brinkman, E. Anneken, J. Cashdollar, S. Fout, E. Furlong, D. Kolpin, S. Glassmeyer, and S. Keely. Estimating virus occurrence using Bayesian modeling in multiple drinking water systems of the United States. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 619620: 1330-1339, (2018).

This data set contains raw data from 12 international groundwater studies that monitored for human viruses and microbial indicators. Please see the first worksheet for identification of the studies used. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Fout, S., M. Karim, and M. Borchardt. Human virus and microbial indicator occurrence in public-supply groundwater systems: meta-analysis of international studies. Hydrogeology Journal. Springer, Heidelburg, GERMANY, 25(0): 903-919, (2017).

국립수산물품질관리원 검역검사과에서 검역동향_해외(베트남, 프랑스, 대만 등) 수산생물 질병발생에 대해 월별로 정리한 동향 보고서

Collection of the following specimens or materials, quantities, and any limitations on collecting: 20 L whole water samples will be collected every 2-4 weeks from our site on the Middle Prong of Little River.

Coliphage and adenovirus concentrations per liter. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Gassie, L., J. Englehardt, J. Wang, N. Brinkman, J. Garland, P. Gardinali, and T. Guo. Mineralizing urban net-zero water treatment: Phase II field results and design recommendations. WATER RESEARCH. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 105: 496-506, (2016).

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