Note: This is a large dataset. To download, go to ArcGIS Open Data Set and click the download button, and under additional resources select the geodatabase or shapefile option. This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2018. It is the fourth update of a publication originally generated to support the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as a Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG), including an updated wildfire-cause standard (approved August 2020). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. In addition to incorporating data for 2016-2018, some previously unavailable nonfederal wildfire records for the period 1999-2015 were acquired either directly from the state fire services (NH, NJ) or indirectly from an updated National Association of State Foresters database (AR, AZ, CA, CO, FL, HI, ID, IL, OK, SD) and added. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes 2.17 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 165 million acres burned during the 27-year period. Identifiers necessary to link the point-based, final-fire-reporting information to published large-fire-perimeter and operational-situation-reporting datasets are included.,

Burn severity layers are thematic images depicting severity as unburned to low, low, moderate, high, and increased greenness (increased post-fire vegetation response). The layer may also have a sixth class representing a mask for clouds, shadows, large water bodies, or other features on the landscape that erroneously affect the severity classification. This data has been prepared as part of the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project. Due to the lack of comprehensive fire reporting information and quality Landsat imagery, burn severity for all targeted MTBS fires are not available. Additionally, the availability of burn severity data for fires occurring in the current and previous calendar year is variable since these data are currently in production and released on an intermittent basis by the MTBS project.,

The 2007 US Fire Administration Fire (USFA) Fire Incident & Cause Data was provided by the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA) National Fire Data Center's (NFDC's) National Fire Incident Reporting System has numerous data elements that detail fire incidents for example the fire department fire incident the occupants structure and equipment used hazard material involved and casualty details.

LANDFIRE (LF) disturbance products are developed to provide temporal and spatial information related to landscape change. LF 2022 Fuel Disturbance (FDist) uses the latest Annual Disturbance products from the effective disturbance years of 2013 to 2022. FDist is created from LF 2022 Historical Disturbance (HDist) which in turn aggregates the Annual Disturbance products. FDist groups similar disturbance types, severities and time since disturbance categories which represent disturbance scenarios within the fuel environment. FDist is used in conjunction with Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), Cover (FVC), and Height (FVH) to calculate Canopy Cover (CC), Canopy Height (CH), Canopy Bulk Density (CBD), Canopy Base Height (CBH), Fire Behavior Fuel Models 13 Anderson (FBFM13) and 40 Scott and Burgan (FBFM40). FDist is developed using the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

Wildland fire event polygons for 2004-2017 reconciled in SmartFire 2 for the EPA Air Quality Times Series (EQUATES) modeling project (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109022). These event polygons represent a combination of properties from a collection of remotely sensed and ground-based fire activity datasets. The primary underlying fire activity datasets for the fire event polygons are the Hazard Mapping System (HMS) remote sense fire product (https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html), SIT-ICS/209 Incident Reports (https://www.wildfire.gov/application/sit209), GeoMAC Fire Event polygons (https://data-nifc.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/nifc::historic-perimeters-combined-2000-2018-geomac/about), and the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) burn scar event perimeters (https://www.mtbs.gov/direct-download). This dataset includes events identified as over wildland and does not contain biomass burning events over agricultural areas, such as crop residue field burns. Additionally, certain grass fires, such as the annual prescribed fires in the Flint Hills region, have been removed for inclusion in a separate processing stream. Some minor updates have been made to the dataset since the publishing of the EQUATES emission inventories including removal of known errors related to issues in the underlying activity. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Beidler, J., G. Pouliot, and K. Foley. 2004-2017 Geospatial Dataset of Wild and Prescribed Fire Activity Over the Conterminous United States. Data in Brief. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 56: 110856, (2024).

LANDFIRE disturbance products are developed to provide temporal and spatial information related to landscape change. In the LF 2023 Update (LF 2023) Fuel Disturbance (FDist) uses the latest Annual Disturbance products from the effective disturbance years of 2014 to 2023. FDist is created from LF 2023 Historical Disturbance (HDist) which in turn aggregates the Annual Disturbance products. FDist groups similar disturbance types, severities, and time since disturbance categories which represent disturbance scenarios within the fuel environment. FDist is used in conjunction with Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), Cover (FVC), and Height (FVH) to calculate Forest Canopy Cover (CC), Height (CH), Bulk Density (CBD), Base Height (CBH), 13 Anderson Fire Behavior Fuel Models (FBFM13) and 40 Scott and Burgan (FBFM40). FDist is developed using the most current aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2014 to 2023. All existing disturbances between 2014-2023 are represented in LF 2023, and the products are intended to be used in 2024 (the year of release). When using any product from the LF 2023 fuel product suite, users should consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2023). Disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year are not accounted for within LF 2023 fuel products. Learn more about LF 2023 at https://landfire.gov/data/lf2023.

LANDFIRE (LF) disturbance products are developed to provide temporal and spatial information related to landscape change. LF Remap Fuel Disturbance (FDist) uses the latest 10 years of Annual Disturbance products from the effective disturbance year. FDist is a refinement of past LF versions and is created from Remap Historical Disturbance (HDist) by grouping similar disturbances types, which represent disturbance scenarios within the fuels environment. LF Remap contains refinements to the FDist process enabling the creation of pre-disturbance fuel vegetation within disturbed areas. This new approach facilitates the production of capable fuels products, such as FDist. The capable fuels process calculates Time Since Disturbance (TSD) assignments for disturbed areas using an “effective year”. Year 2020 fuels, for example, may be calculated for the year 2020. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and assigns fuels to the pre-disturbance vegetation based on the adjusted TSD, making the products "2020 capable fuels." By synchronizing TSDs for surface and canopy fuels, these refinements improve performance of fire behavior modeling. LF Remap fuel products in areas mapped as disturbed within the past 10 years are delivered with this capable fuels functionality. More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE (LF) disturbance products are developed to provide temporal and spatial information related to landscape change. LF Remap Fuel Disturbance (FDist) uses the latest 10 years of Annual Disturbance products from the effective disturbance year. FDist is a refinement of past LF versions and is created from Remap Historical Disturbance (HDist) by grouping similar disturbances types, which represent disturbance scenarios within the fuels environment. LF Remap contains refinements to the FDist process enabling the creation of pre-disturbance fuel vegetation within disturbed areas. This new approach facilitates the production of capable fuels products, such as FDist. The capable fuels process calculates Time Since Disturbance (TSD) assignments for disturbed areas using an “effective year”. Year 2020 fuels, for example, may be calculated for the year 2020. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and assigns fuels to the pre-disturbance vegetation based on the adjusted TSD, making the products "2020 capable fuels." By synchronizing TSDs for surface and canopy fuels, these refinements improve performance of fire behavior modeling. LF Remap fuel products in areas mapped as disturbed within the past 10 years are delivered with this capable fuels functionality. More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.