The geodatabase represents the sampling design used to meet the project's purpose. The sampling design relies upon systematic sampling for smaller parks (LEWI and SAJH) and spatially balanced, GRTS sampling for larger parks (MORA, NOCA, OLYM). The objectives of the landbird monitoring program are to 1) detect trends in the density of as many landbird species (including passerines, near-passerines, and galliformes) as possible throughout accessible areas of five NCCN parks during the breeding season and 2) track changes in the breeding season distribution of landbird species throughout accessible areas of the large wilderness parks. The geodatabase represents the sampling design used to meet the project's objectives. The sampling design relies upon systematic sampling for smaller parks (Lewis and Clark National Historical Park [LEWI] and San Juan Island National Historical park [SAJH]) and spatially balanced, Generalized Random Tesselation Stratified (GRTS) sampling for larger parks (Mount Rainier National Park [MORA], North Cascades National Park [NOCA], Olympic National Park [OLYM]). The GRTS sample design was created using stratified equal probability survey design. Potential transect starting locations were defined based on road and trail networks. The sample design formed the basis for office and field evaluation of selected locations and the subsequent establishment of long-term monitoring transects.

This data package contains North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) Inventory and Monitoring Program landbird monitoring data collected during 2005-2023 at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), North Cascades National Park Complex (NOCA), Olympic National Park (OLYM), and San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH). The protocol, publications, and all other associated links can be found in the project reference at: NCCN Landbird Monitoring https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2097578 National parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) can fulfill vital roles as refuges for bird species dependent on late-successional forest conditions and as reference sites for assessing the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on bird populations throughout the larger Pacific Northwest region. These changes may result from regional processes such as land conversion and forest management, or from broader-scale phenomena such as global climate change. Monitoring population trends at ‘control’ sites in national parks is especially important because the parks are among the few sites in the United States where population trends resulting from large-scale regional or global change patterns are relatively unaffected by local changes in land use. Long-term monitoring of landbirds throughout the NCCN provides information that can inform decisions about important management issues in the parks, including visitor impacts, fire management, and the effects of introduced species. Landbirds are vital to every Northwest ecosystem. They are critical food-chain links, eating millions of seeds and insects and in turn, are prey for other creatures. Because they have specific needs for food, nest sites, and habitats they are easily impacted by change. For these reasons, birds are among the most sensitive indicators of ecosystem health and monitoring them is one of the most efficient ways to take the ecological pulse of an area. Surveys were conducted in three large wilderness parks: North Cascades (NOCA), Olympic (OLYM), and Mount Rainier (MORA) National Parks and in two small parks: Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI) and San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH). Objectives are to 1) detect trends in the density of as many landbird species (including passerines, near-passerines, and galliformes) as possible throughout accessible areas of five NCCN parks during the breeding season and 2) track changes in the breeding season distribution of landbird species throughout accessible areas of the large wilderness parks.

This data package contains North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) Inventory and Monitoring Program landbird monitoring data collected during 2005-2023 at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), North Cascades National Park Complex (NOCA), Olympic National Park (OLYM), and San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH). The protocol, publications, and all other associated links can be found in the project reference at: NCCN Landbird Monitoring https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2097578 National parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) can fulfill vital roles as refuges for bird species dependent on late-successional forest conditions and as reference sites for assessing the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on bird populations throughout the larger Pacific Northwest region. These changes may result from regional processes such as land conversion and forest management, or from broader-scale phenomena such as global climate change. Monitoring population trends at ‘control’ sites in national parks is especially important because the parks are among the few sites in the United States where population trends resulting from large-scale regional or global change patterns are relatively unaffected by local changes in land use. Long-term monitoring of landbirds throughout the NCCN provides information that can inform decisions about important management issues in the parks, including visitor impacts, fire management, and the effects of introduced species. Landbirds are vital to every Northwest ecosystem. They are critical food-chain links, eating millions of seeds and insects and in turn, are prey for other creatures. Because they have specific needs for food, nest sites, and habitats they are easily impacted by change. For these reasons, birds are among the most sensitive indicators of ecosystem health and monitoring them is one of the most efficient ways to take the ecological pulse of an area. Surveys were conducted in three large wilderness parks: North Cascades (NOCA), Olympic (OLYM), and Mount Rainier (MORA) National Parks and in two small parks: Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI) and San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH). Objectives are to 1) detect trends in the density of as many landbird species (including passerines, near-passerines, and galliformes) as possible throughout accessible areas of five NCCN parks during the breeding season and 2) track changes in the breeding season distribution of landbird species throughout accessible areas of the large wilderness parks.

Four Pacific Island Network parks were surveyed for landbirds and landbird habitat in order to provide information for monitoring long-term trends in forest bird distribution, density, and abundance. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) was surveyed in 2010, 2015/2016 and 2019/2020. Surveys were conducted in the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) in 2011 and 2018, in Haleakala National Park (HALE) in 2012, 2017, and 2022, and in 2021, surveys began at Kalaupapa National Historical Park (KALA). The entire survey areas were surveyed using point-transect distance sampling to calculate estimates of bird abundance and densities. Canopy cover and composition was collected at the same survey area. In addition to the permanent survey transects from past landbird surveys in the survey areas, randomly generated point-transects were also surveyed, providing a split panel sampling design. This dataset contains the results of the landbird point count and habitat surveys for HAVO, NPSA, HALE, and KALA.

Geodatabase representing the sample design for the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) elk monitoring project at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI). The goal for the elk monitoring project is to detect changes in the magnitude and spatial patterns of elk use of landscapes at several spatial and temporal scales within, and adjacent to, the Fort Clastop unit of Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI). The geodatabase is the spatial representation of elk pellet survey plot locations and standard road driving routes, with tenth mile reference markers, used to conduct elk surveys. Changes in elk relative use and the proportion of area occupied (PAO) by elk will be based on pellet group surveys conducted in the Fort Clatsop unit of LEWI. We will monitor trends in the relative use by elk in winter through the estimation of pellet group density as measured during late winter surveys each year. We will infer trends in elk viewing opportunities in selected areas adjacent to the Fort Clatsop unit by monitoring the rate at which elk are sighted in roadside surveys on specified routes. The road survey sighting rate is a direct index to the rate that park visitors driving the selected set of roads would be expected to see elk. By recording the seasonal patterns of elk herd sightings we will document trends in elk viewing opportunities for visitors during different seasons.

Geodatabase representing the sample design for the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) elk monitoring project at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI). The goal for the elk monitoring project is to detect changes in the magnitude and spatial patterns of elk use of landscapes at several spatial and temporal scales within, and adjacent to, the Fort Clastop unit of Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI). The geodatabase is the spatial representation of elk pellet survey plot locations and standard road driving routes, with tenth mile reference markers, used to conduct elk surveys. Changes in elk relative use and the proportion of area occupied (PAO) by elk will be based on pellet group surveys conducted in the Fort Clatsop unit of LEWI. We will monitor trends in the relative use by elk in winter through the estimation of pellet group density as measured during late winter surveys each year. We will infer trends in elk viewing opportunities in selected areas adjacent to the Fort Clatsop unit by monitoring the rate at which elk are sighted in roadside surveys on specified routes. The road survey sighting rate is a direct index to the rate that park visitors driving the selected set of roads would be expected to see elk. By recording the seasonal patterns of elk herd sightings we will document trends in elk viewing opportunities for visitors during different seasons.

Four parks in the Pacific Island Network were surveyed to monitor long-term trends in landbird composition, distribution, density, and abundance. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) was surveyed in 2010, 2015-2016, 2019-2021, and 2024; the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) in 2011, 2018, and 2023; and Haleakalā National Park (HALE) in 2012, 2017, and 2022. Surveys began in 2021 at Kalaupapa National Historical Park (KALA) and neighboring lands managed by the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources and The Nature Conservancy. Surveys in HAVO also included some adjacent state and private conservation lands and thus results provide broad spatial coverage of species detected. Using point-transect distance sampling, the surveys provide indices of relative abundance and occurrence. The dominant canopy species composition, canopy height and cover, and dominant understory species composition are also recorded at each survey station. Estimates of landbird population density and abundance are assessed in a trend analysis and published in the NPS Science Report Series or scientific journal. Alongside permanent survey transects from past surveys, randomly generated point-transects were included, creating a split-panel sampling design. This dataset includes the results from these landbird and habitat surveys.

Four parks in the Pacific Island Network were surveyed to monitor long-term trends in landbird composition, distribution, density, and abundance. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) was surveyed in 2010, 2015-2016, 2019-2021, and 2024; the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) in 2011, 2018, and 2023; and Haleakalā National Park (HALE) in 2012, 2017, and 2022. Surveys began in 2021 at Kalaupapa National Historical Park (KALA) and neighboring lands managed by the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources and The Nature Conservancy. Surveys in HAVO also included some adjacent state and private conservation lands and thus results provide broad spatial coverage of species detected. Using point-transect distance sampling, the surveys provide indices of relative abundance and occurrence. The dominant canopy species composition, canopy height and cover, and dominant understory species composition are also recorded at each survey station. Estimates of landbird population density and abundance are assessed in a trend analysis and published in the NPS Science Report Series or scientific journal. Alongside permanent survey transects from past surveys, randomly generated point-transects were included, creating a split-panel sampling design. This dataset includes the results from these landbird and habitat surveys.

This data package contains Sierra Nevada Network (SIEN) Inventory and Monitoring Program landbirds tabular data collected during 2011-2024 at Yosemite National Park (YOSE), Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park (SEKI), and Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO). The protocol, publications, and all other associated links can be found in the project reference at: Bird Monitoring Protocol for National Parks in the Sierra Nevada Network: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2124954 National parks in SIEN can fulfill vital roles as refuges for bird species dependent on late-successional forest conditions and as reference sites for assessing the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on bird populations throughout the larger Sierra Nevada region. These changes may result from regional processes such as land conversion and forest management, or from broader-scale phenomena such as global climate change. Monitoring population trends at ‘control’ sites in national parks is especially important because the parks are among the few sites in the United States where population trends resulting from large-scale regional or global change patterns are relatively unaffected by local changes in land use. Long-term monitoring of landbirds throughout SIEN provides information that can inform decisions about important management issues in the parks, including visitor impacts, fire management, and the effects of introduced species. Landbirds are critical food-chain links, eating millions of seeds and insects and in turn, are prey for other creatures. Because they have specific needs for food, nest sites, and habitats they are easily impacted by change. For these reasons, birds are among the most sensitive indicators of ecosystem health and counting them is one of the most efficient ways to take the ecological pulse of an area. Surveys were conducted in two large wilderness parks: Yosemite (YOSE) and Sequoia and Kings Canyon (SEKI) National Parks, and in one small park: Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO). Objectives are to 1) detect trends in the density of as many landbird species (including passerines, near-passerines, and galliformes) as possible throughout accessible areas of three SIEN parks during the breeding season and 2) track changes in the breeding season distribution of landbird species throughout accessible areas of SIEN parks.

This data package contains Sierra Nevada Network (SIEN) Inventory and Monitoring Program landbirds tabular data collected during 2011-2024 at Yosemite National Park (YOSE), Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park (SEKI), and Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO). The protocol, publications, and all other associated links can be found in the project reference at: Bird Monitoring Protocol for National Parks in the Sierra Nevada Network: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2124954 National parks in SIEN can fulfill vital roles as refuges for bird species dependent on late-successional forest conditions and as reference sites for assessing the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on bird populations throughout the larger Sierra Nevada region. These changes may result from regional processes such as land conversion and forest management, or from broader-scale phenomena such as global climate change. Monitoring population trends at ‘control’ sites in national parks is especially important because the parks are among the few sites in the United States where population trends resulting from large-scale regional or global change patterns are relatively unaffected by local changes in land use. Long-term monitoring of landbirds throughout SIEN provides information that can inform decisions about important management issues in the parks, including visitor impacts, fire management, and the effects of introduced species. Landbirds are critical food-chain links, eating millions of seeds and insects and in turn, are prey for other creatures. Because they have specific needs for food, nest sites, and habitats they are easily impacted by change. For these reasons, birds are among the most sensitive indicators of ecosystem health and counting them is one of the most efficient ways to take the ecological pulse of an area. Surveys were conducted in two large wilderness parks: Yosemite (YOSE) and Sequoia and Kings Canyon (SEKI) National Parks, and in one small park: Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO). Objectives are to 1) detect trends in the density of as many landbird species (including passerines, near-passerines, and galliformes) as possible throughout accessible areas of three SIEN parks during the breeding season and 2) track changes in the breeding season distribution of landbird species throughout accessible areas of SIEN parks.