Data for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical characteristics are presented from 30 soil sampling locations within the State of New Hampshire. A total of 15 sites were chosen based on the results of sampling efforts published in Santangelo and others(2022). Sites with relatively high concentrations of PFAS observed during the first study were selected for resampling to better understand the range of concentrations of PFAS in the area. At each of the 15 sites, soil samples were collected as near to the original site as possible (site A), and a second set of soil samples were collected at a secondary location (site B) 50 to 600 feet away from the original location for a total of 30 sampling locations. At each location, soils were collected in 6-inch intervals to a maximum depth of 12 inches. Soil horizons were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger and others, 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, and autoclaved-citrate extractable protein. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates (duplicates). References: Santangelo, L.M., Tokranov, A.K., Welch, S.M., Schlosser, K.E.A., Marts, J.M., Drouin, A.F., Ayotte, J.D., Rousseau, A.E., and Harfmann, J.L., 2022, Statewide survey of shallow soil concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data across New Hampshire, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KG38B5. Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE, https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field-book-for-describing-and-sampling-soils.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data are presented from shallow soil and groundwater at two sites in New Hampshire. The two sites, the former Brentwood Fire Training Area and White Farm, were selected because materials known to contain PFAS were used at each site. White Farm is an active farm where biosolids have been applied for several years. At the former Brentwood Fire Training Area, PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foams were applied as part of regular fire training exercises. At each site, soil samples were collected in a gridded pattern over the site. Soil horizons within the sampling intervals were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger and others, 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, 36 PFAS compounds post-total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, autoclaved-citrate extractable protein, grain size, major ions and other physical and physicochemical parameters. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for PFAS during two sampling events at each site from temporary wells, existing monitoring wells, and/or pushpoint samplers. Additionally, a lysimeter was installed at the center of each site and a composite sample through the duration of each water sampling event (approximately 7 days) was collected. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates. Reference: Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.

This metadata record contains one table and one shapefile with results from field sampling at locations of groundwater discharge (seeps) identified by autonomous boat survey at the Lower Darby Creek Area (LDCA) Superfund Site, near Folcroft, Pennsylvania, in 2024. Included in the dataset are (1) PFAS concentrations, volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations, cations/trace metals data, total organic carbon (TOC) content, anion concentrations, dissolved gas concentrations, total and ferrous iron concentrations, sulfide concentrations, water quality measurements, and their associated field sampling information for porewater samples collected from seeps and (2) water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and water temperature) and coordinates measured in creeks in LDCA by a remote-controlled autonomous boat as part of seep identification surveys.

This metadata record contains one table and one shapefile with results from field sampling at locations of groundwater discharge (seeps) identified by autonomous boat survey at the Lower Darby Creek Area (LDCA) Superfund Site, near Folcroft, Pennsylvania, in 2024. Included in the dataset are (1) PFAS concentrations, volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations, cations/trace metals data, total organic carbon (TOC) content, anion concentrations, dissolved gas concentrations, total and ferrous iron concentrations, sulfide concentrations, water quality measurements, and their associated field sampling information for porewater samples collected from seeps and (2) water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and water temperature) and coordinates measured in creeks in LDCA by a remote-controlled autonomous boat as part of seep identification surveys.

We used systematic evidence map methods to summarize the available epidemiological and animal bioassay evidence for an expanded set of ~345 PFAS that were prioritized in 2019 by the EPA’s Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE) for in vitro toxicity and toxicokinetic screening. This work builds upon our previously published evidence map for ~150 PFAS chemicals (Carlson et al. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10343). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Shirke, A., E. Radke-Farabaugh, C. Lin, R. Blain, N. Vetter, c. lemeris, p. hartman, H. Hubbard, M. Angrish, X. Arzuaga Andino, J. Congleton, J. Davis, L. Dishaw, R. Jones, R. Judson, J. Kaiser, A. Kraft, L. Lizarraga, P. Noyes, G. Patlewicz, M. Taylor, A. Williams, K. Chialton, and L. Carlson. Expanded Systematic Evidence Map for Hundreds of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Comprehensive PFAS Human Health Dashboard. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 132(2): CID: 026001, (2024).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data are presented from 100 shallow soil sampling locations within the State of New Hampshire. Sites were randomly determined through an equal-area grid approach (Scott, 1990) targeting undisturbed areas, which included lands classified by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Dewitz, 2019) as forested, shrubland, scrubland, grassland, herbaceous, wetlands, or barren land. Sampling sites were located at the closest point to the random location identified, where access and permission were available. To limit the potential for sampling results to be influenced by local releases of PFAS, a 500-meter buffer around parcels associated with known or potential PFAS sources was also included. At all 100 locations, samples were collected from 0 (land surface) to 6 inches in depth. At 50 locations, samples from 6 to 12 inches depth were collected, while at 6 of these locations soil profiles were collected in 6-inch increments to a maximum of 36 inches in depth. Soil horizons within the sampling intervals were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger et al., 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, 36 PFAS compounds post-total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, and autoclaved-citrate extractable protein. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates. References: Dewitz, J., 2019, National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 Products (ver. 2.0, July 2020): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96HHBIE. Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. Scott, J.C., 1990, Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of a ground-water-quality sampling network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4101, 109 p., http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri904101.

Anaerobic microcosm experiments were conducted in April-May 2018 with PFAS-contaminated soil from a U.S. Army installation (Fort Drum, New York) and simulated groundwater. All microcosms, except for a live sediment control, were amended with perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FtS). Replicate treatments were prepared with and without bioaugmentation with the WBC-2 dehalogenating culture and with and without addition of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and trichloroethylene). Two additional treatments were prepared containing granular activated carbon. All microcosms were prepared in duplicate and sacrificed for sampling. Analyses were conducted for PFOS, PFOA, 6:2 FtS, and volatile organic compounds in the water and sediment for each sampling point. Methane analyses were also conducted on selected samples to evaluate redox conditions. Microbial communities were analyzed on sediment slurry collected at each sampling point.

In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, detectable concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were found in the soil at every site despite targeting locations with no known PFAS sources (Santangelo and others, 2022). The widespread distribution of PFAS concentrations in New Hampshire has since sparked critical interest into understanding whether recharge to groundwater contains significant concentrations of PFAS after infiltration through soils. To address this concern, the USGS implemented a pilot study designed to evaluate whether PFAS infiltrate through shallow soil into shallow groundwater. Five sites were selected based on previously observed PFAS concentrations, soil type, aquifer materials, elevation, groundwater depth, and geographic location (Santangelo and others, 2022). At each sample site, one pushpoint sampler was installed down-slope of new soil sample points. At one sample site, two stainless steel lysimeters were installed at two varying depths above the water table, and up-slope of the pushpoint sampler. Seven shallow soil samples were submitted for PFAS, total organic carbon, and pH analysis. Twelve groundwater samples and four porewater samples were also submitted for PFAS analysis. Quality-control samples consisted of a source solution blank, three equipment blanks, and five sample duplicates. Reference: Santangelo, L.M., Tokranov, A.K., Welch, S.M., Schlosser, K.E.A., Marts, J.M., Drouin, A.F., Ayotte, J.D., Rousseau, A.E., and Harfmann, J.L., 2022, Statewide survey of shallow soil concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data across New Hampshire, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KG38B5.

Soil, soil porewater, groundwater, and playa lake sediment samples were collected between September 2021 and November 2023 at Cannon Air Force Base (CAFB) in eastern New Mexico as part of a study on the sources, fate, and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Soil cores (2-foot-long) were collected in September 2021 from six sites that were potential PFAS source areas and one background site. Soil cores were analyzed for targeted PFAS compounds, total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, protein content, anions, total organic and inorganic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and pH. Physical properties, which included soil particle size distribution, oxide composition, moisture content, and water potential were also analyzed for the soil samples. Lysimeters were used to obtain interstitial soil porewater samples on two dates. Lysimeter samples were analyzed for PFAS and TOP, and samples with sufficient water volume were sent for wastewater indicator constituents. Groundwater samples were collected from 19 monitoring wells on CAFB in June 2022. Groundwater samples were analyzed for PFAS, TOP, field parameters, major and minor ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and redox-sensitive species including sulfide, reduced manganese, iron, and methane. Selected samples were analyzed for wastewater indicator constituents. The microbial composition of the soil and groundwater samples are reported in a separate table with sequence counts from the operational taxonomic units (OTU).

Soil, soil porewater, groundwater, and playa lake sediment samples were collected between September 2021 and November 2023 at Cannon Air Force Base (CAFB) in eastern New Mexico as part of a study on the sources, fate, and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Soil cores (2-foot-long) were collected in September 2021 from six sites that were potential PFAS source areas and one background site. Soil cores were analyzed for targeted PFAS compounds, total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, protein content, anions, total organic and inorganic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and pH. Physical properties, which included soil particle size distribution, oxide composition, moisture content, and water potential were also analyzed for the soil samples. Lysimeters were used to obtain interstitial soil porewater samples on two dates. Lysimeter samples were analyzed for PFAS and TOP, and samples with sufficient water volume were sent for wastewater indicator constituents. Groundwater samples were collected from 19 monitoring wells on CAFB in June 2022. Groundwater samples were analyzed for PFAS, TOP, field parameters, major and minor ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and redox-sensitive species including sulfide, reduced manganese, iron, and methane. Selected samples were analyzed for wastewater indicator constituents. The microbial composition of the soil and groundwater samples are reported in a separate table with sequence counts from the operational taxonomic units (OTU).